GUC DMET501 Introduction to Media Engineering - Video and Animation PDF

Winter 2024 DMET501 – Introduction to Media Engineering Video and Animation (2) Dr. Shereen Moataz Afifi [email protected] 1 Animation Animation is the creation of moving pictures one frame at a time...

Winter 2024 DMET501 – Introduction to Media Engineering Video and Animation (2) Dr. Shereen Moataz Afifi [email protected] 1 Animation Animation is the creation of moving pictures one frame at a time Traditional animators have developed many techniques, including cel animation, stop motion and Claymation* The Process of Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7ZWeLLTqJw * https://creativeones.art/different-types-of-animation/ 2 Image Sequences Animation made using any of the traditional techniques can be captured one frame at a time using a camera connected to a computer, instead of being recorded on film Animation captured to disk can be combined with digital animation Hybrid Animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAwbcDb5y2k 3 Image Sequences Animation can be created digitally Individual frames can be created in a graphics program Using layers to represent the contents of a frame can streamline the animation process Animation of Layer’s Position 4 Image Sequences Creating animation digitally allows effects such as rotoscoping: Tracing selected elements from a live-action video clip onto a new layer, one frame at a time Rotoscoping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0YaC8pE8BU A sequence of images can be stored in consecutively numbered image files, which can be imported into video editing programs or Flash 5 Animated GIFs An animated GIF contains multiple bitmapped images in a single file The individual images can be displayed in sequence by Web browsers and other programs, without the need for a plug-in 6 Animated GIFs Animated GIFs are only suitable for short simple animations Animated GIFs use indexed color and lossless intra-frame compression, whose effectiveness depends on the nature of the images in the animation Animated GIFs cannot have a soundtrack or player controls 7 Interpolation In traditional cel animation, chief animators draw key frames at important points in the animation, and in-betweeners create the intervening frames Key Frame 1 Key Frame 2 Key Frame 3 Animation programs perform the equivalent of in-betweening by interpolating the values of properties such as position between key frames 8 Interpolation Motion Interpolation: Creating frames that represent the motion of an object given a number of key frames Since bitmaps do not contain identifiable objects, the use of layers to isolate different elements is essential for interpolation Layers of a bitmap can be moved independently of each other Layer 1 Layer 2 9 Interpolation If motion is interpolated linearly, movement begins and ends instantaneously, and there may be unnatural discontinuities between interpolated sequences Key Frame 1 kf: Key Frame Key Frame 2 10 Interpolation To make movements look more natural, easing in and out can be used to cause the motion to increase or decrease gradually 11 Interpolation Linear interpolation can cause other problems such as when 3 key frames exist in a scene with linear interpolation in-between Custom easing using Bézier curves is used to control the rate of change in arbitrarily complex ways 12 Interpolation Objects or layers can be made to move along motion paths When using motion paths, it is usually necessary to orient the moving object to the path to achieve a realistic effect 13 Interpolation Motion paths can be used to simulate effects such as a bouncing ball 14 Vector Animation in Flash Flash movies, also known as SWF files, are the most popular Web animation format. They are usually created in Flash, but SWFs may also be exported from other programs An animation being created in Flash is organized using a timeline 15 Vector Animation in Flash Key frames are drawn in their entirety on the stage. Ordinary frames have no content, they just hold the picture from the preceding key frame Graphical objects can be stored in a library as symbols Instances of symbols can be created on the stage, allowing objects to be reused 16 Vector Animation in Flash Interpolation (“tweening”) is applied to symbol instances Easing can be applied to tweened motion An object’s size, orientation, opacity and color may also be interpolated 17 Vector Animation in Flash There are three sorts of symbols in Flash: - Graphic symbols are reusable vector objects - Movie clip symbols are self-contained animations with their own timelines, that play within the main movie and can be controlled by scripts - Button symbols for interaction 18 Motion Graphics Motion graphics is animated graphic design Used to create ads, title sequences for movies, videos and to share information Interpolation may be used to control the rate of change of properties as well as their values 19 Delivering Animation The three predominant formats for delivering digital animation are animated GIF, Flash (SWF) and video Video must be used for animation that will be played on a television If animation is delivered as video a soundtrack can be added, player controls can be used and high compression can be achieved using modern video codecs Flash is superior for vector animations For bitmapped animations, animated GIF may be used without a plug- in, but video provides the best quality The Flash movie file format is a compressed format that provides an efficient way to deliver animation over a network 20