Kinship of Politics - Group 6

KINSHIP OF POLITICS 11 - Convivial | Group 6 Bacar, Contrevida, De Leon, Sabanal, Sto. Tomas  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Energizer FIT THAT DYNASTY The class will be divided into 5 groups Find all the pictures of famous political personalities scat...

KINSHIP OF POLITICS 11 - Convivial | Group 6 Bacar, Contrevida, De Leon, Sabanal, Sto. Tomas  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Energizer FIT THAT DYNASTY The class will be divided into 5 groups Find all the pictures of famous political personalities scattered in this room and group them according to the family they belong to. Paste the family member's image into the space the group is assigned to form the family (3 minutes) The group leader will attempt to guess all of the personalities' names (20 seconds per group)  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Energizer FIT THAT DYNASTY A group member finds a picture first in the group, they must be committed to finding family members Group members can't take another picture of a personality from the other family If blank is the first one to find a picture of me, then blank have to find only its family members and blank has to only get its family members Any violation of the guidelines = disqualified  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Introduction KINSHIP OF POLITICS Kinship plays a big role in our society as its influences affect our politics and economy. One example would be the existence of political dynasties. A dynasty refers to a succession of rulers from the same family or lineage.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL DYNASTY Refers to a system of succession of political leaders from the same family or clan that maintains power for many generations. Typically found in elite families that have established themselves in a province before moving to the national government.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL DYNASTY This can occur in two ways: 1. Members of a family occupy a certain government position every term; and 2. Several family members occupy government positions at the same time.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL DYNASTY in the Philippine Context They started emerging after the Philippine Revolution when the First Republic of the Philippines was established. Majority of the positions in the Philippine government are currently held by members of political dynasties.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS PROMINENT FAMILIES Aquino (Tarlac), Marcos (Ilocos), Duterte (Davao), Binay (Makati), Remulla (Cavite)  KINSHIP OF POLITICS 1995-2007 In the years 1995 - 2007, an average of 31.3% of all congressmen and 23.1% of governors were replaced by relatives. In the 1995 elections, of the 83 congressmen elected to their third term, 36 of them were replaced by a relative in the succeeding elections. 2012 A study done in 2012 revealed that around 40% of all provinces in the Philippines have a political governor and congressman that are related in some way.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS 2014 A study done in 2014 indicated that around 50-70% of all politicians and involved or associated with a political dynasty within the Philippines. They also concluded that 70% of all jurisdiction-based legislators in Congress are involved in a political dynasty, with 40% of them having ties to legislators who belong to as far as three Congresses previously; 77% of legislators between the ages of 26-40 are also dynastic.  CATEGORIES OF POLITICAL DYNASTIES Those with ties to the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Congress as well as at least one family member elected into a local government unit between the years 2001 and 2010 Those with familial connections to at least one person belonging to the 12th, 13th, or 14th Congress Those who share kinship with at least one person belonging to the 12th, 13th, or 14th dynasty, or at least one relative with a local government unit position from the 2001, 2004, or 2007 elections Those with at least one relation in the 12th, 13th, or 14th Congress or holding a local government unit (LGU) position in the elections in between 2001 and 2010  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion WHY IS THERE POLITICAL DYNASTY? Three typical causes of political dynasty: 1. Absence of an Anti-Dynasty Law 2. The gullibility of the Population 3. Vote Buying  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Article II Section 26, 1987 Constitution of the Philippines “The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.” The law is not self-executing and thus requires a legislative act of Congress. Moreover, no law has been passed nor any action has been made regarding the prohibition of political dynasties. Unfortunately, despite numerous attempts to introduce an anti-political dynasty law as early as the 8th Congress to effect electoral reforms and level the political landscape, Congress failed to pass such a law.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS EFFECTS OF POLITICAL DYNASTY PROS vs CONS  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Negative Effects 1. Limited Competition and Progress Political dynasties also prevent challengers with potentially effective policy ideas from being able to take office, which limits the capacity for bureaucratic responsiveness and administrative effectiveness and adaptation to new ideas. It may restrict significant change to the system of the government unit, since dynasties would rather stick to tried and true methods of governing rather than try to effect change “Napakakaunti kasi ‘yung choices ng mga tao, ano? So parang may built-in advantage na for a very long time itong mga well-known dynasties. May name recall sila, may massive resources and organization, and napaka-costly ang tumakbo sa elections,” Dr. Temario Rivera Center for People Empowerment in Governance (CenPEG) on the pros and cons of political dynasty via TeleRadyo  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Negative Effects 2. Rise in Poverty Incidence A study has shown that there is a positive relationship between poverty incidence and the proportion of political dynasties in each province The 10 poorest provinces in the Philippines are ruled by political dynasties Research suggests that either poverty results in the creation of political dynasty or that these dynasties exacerbate bad governance and worsen poverty conditions  KINSHIP OF POLITICS ALONTO FAMILY IN LANAO DEL SUR Sultan Alauya Adiong Alonto, senator Alexander G. Alonto, Jr, 1st District board member, (great-grandson) Ahmad Domocao Alonto, governor, Congressman, senator 1958–1961 present (Son) Abdulrashid Alonto Balindong, board member Liga ng mga Abdul Ghaffur Alonto, governor, 1960–1964, 1964–1967 and Barangay, Lanao del Sur (great-grandson) Ambassador (Son) Amer Gary Alonto Balindong-II vice mayor and OIC mayor of Princess Tarhata Alonto-Lucman, governor, Lanao del Sur 1970–1974, Malabang (great-grandson) OIC 1987–1988 (Daughter) Haroun Al-Rashid Alonto Lucman, Regional vice-governor-ARMM Abul Khayr Alonto, speaker, ARMM (grandson) (grandson) Normala Alonto Lucman (granddaughter), vice governor, Lanao del Abdul Mikhail Alonto B Balindong (great-grandson) Sur Datu Birua Alonto, mayor, Marawi City, 1938 (brother) Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr., governor, Lanao del Sur (great-grandson) Rashid Lucman, congressman, (brother-in-law) Ansaruddin Alonto Adiong, assembly and regional governor, ARMM Mamintal Adiong, congressman and governor, Lanao del Sur (great-grandson) (nephew) Ricky Alonto Mamainte, mayor Bayang (great-grandson) Pangalian M. Balindong, 1971 ConCon Delegate and RLA Speaker, Zia Alonto Adiong, assemblyman 1st District Lanao del sur, ARMM congressman Deputy Speaker 2nd District (son-in-law) (great-grandson) Jamal Alonto, mayor, Bubong (nephew) Yasser Alonto Balindong, assemblyman 2nd District Lanao del Sur, ARMM (great-grandson)  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Negative Effects 3. Corruption According to the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines, "political dynasties breed corruption and ineptitude" because political power is monopolized by political dynasties The dominance of powerful families have also allowed politicians facing corruption charges to get elected into public office  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Negative Effects 4. Lacking Credentials of Officials Dynastic politicians also have generally lower educational attainment, because of their reliance on dynastic connections rather than bureaucratic or academic competence for their position  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Negative Effects 5. Personal Interests > People Political dynasties also tend to maintain the status quo and develop interests largely separate from the people they were supposed to be serving. Dynastic candidates, being almost exclusively from the upper classes, are naturally biased towards defending their own vested economic interests, which presents conflict of interest problems.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Positive Effects 1. Developing Jurisdiction and Long-term Development Strategies Political dynasties have extra incentive to develop their own jurisdiction Dynastic politicians are more likely to pursue long-term development- oriented strategies since they expect to hold power and benefit from their position for longer  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Positive Effects 2. Rise in Chances of Female Politicians Female politicians hailing from political dynasties can easily get into politics due to their connections  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Positive Effects 3. Continuity The more control the family has over the government unit, the more members of the family can occupy positions of power. Political dynasties can theoretically use this continuity by promoting and enacting laws and ordinances that are long-term in nature  KINSHIP OF POLITICS POLITICAL ALLIANCE  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL ALLIANCE Also known as political coalition or political bloc. It is an agreement for cooperation between two different political parties on a common political agenda. Some common examples of political alliances include electoral coalitions, parliamentary blocs, and issue-based campaigns.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS COALLITION an alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties forming a government or of states formed when a political alliance comes to power and several parties must work together to govern POLITICAL BLOC combination of countries, parties, or groups sharing a common purpose  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL ALLIANCE in the Philippine Context One of the most prominent political alliances in the Philippines is the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA), which was formed in 2012 by several opposition political parties and individuals. UNA is currently led by former Vice President Jejomar Binay, and its members include the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP- Laban), the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), among others.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS ELECTORAL COALITIONS An electoral alliance (also known as a bipartisan electoral agreement, electoral pact, electoral agreement, electoral coalition or electoral bloc) is an association of political parties or individuals that exists solely to stand in elections. PARLIAMENTARY BLOCS A group of legislators formed to support special interests. A bloc may form because of a specific issue and dissolve when that issue has been resolved, or it may have a more permanent character, based on a more general interest. ISSUE-BASED CAMPAIGNS A political campaign that focuses on a particular issue or set of issues, rather than on specific political parties, candidates, or personalities. The purpose of an issue- based campaign is to draw attention to a particular policy, social, or economic issue, and to advocate for specific changes or solutions related to that issue.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL ORGANIZATION Used to call on the institutions and political entities organized in agreement with regulations, laws, and norms of society or of the entity itself. A society based on political structure may follow totalitarianism, authoritarianism, or democracy. A political organization is any organization that involves itself in the political process, including political parties, non-governmental organizations, advocacy groups and special interest groups.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL ORGANIZATION The government or the political institution is another institution that is universal. Political institution is defined as the system of norms, values and roles responsible for maintaining social order in the society. A group of persons organized to seek or exercise power in governmental or public affairs, by supporting candidates for office or by lobbying for action and mobilizing support for bills or governmental policies.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion MAINTAINING SOCIAL ORDER  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Maintaining Social Order 1. Creating Formal Norms It is the political institution that has created formal norms or laws that guide our behavior. There are three (3) types of laws depending on their origins, namely: Constitutional Laws, Statutory Laws, and Common Laws.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS These are formalized norms that emerge in the constitution, the written plan of any government. The constitution describes the broad duties of the government as well as the rights and responsibilities of every citizen. STATUTORY LAWS These are laws that have been enacted by a legislative body of the government such as the Congress, and City Councils. A curfew for minors is an example. ISSUE-BASED CAMPAIGNS These are unwritten laws built over centuries on local custom and precedent and further developed by judicial decisions. The law originated from the judicial branch of government but not from the legislative branch. Common laws become “common” or part of the tradition of a country. They are not permanent; they change depending on the new judicial interpretations.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Maintaining Social Order 2. Applying Sanctions It is the responsibility of a political institution to apply sanction to those who fail to follow or obey certain norms. The degree of the sanction depends on the significance of the law being violated. If you violate traffic law, you will be fined but if you kill any person, you will be jailed.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Maintaining Social Order 3. Settling Disputes Among Individuals It is also one of the duties of a political institution. If you believe that your best friend gets your money from your bag, you can sue him in court. A judge will decide on the validity of the case. If you are right on your accusation, your best friend can get a jail term and will be obliged to return the money he got from you. Some types of disputes may include inheritances, divorce, property rights, personal liability and bankruptcy.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Maintaining Social Order 4. Settling Disputes Between Nations Political institutions try to resolve disputes between nations as well. This is done to evade wars between nations. Representatives from both nations will meet and settle the problem peacefully, but sometimes no agreement is arrived at. When two nations fail to settle their dispute, one or both of them may bring the case to an international body. This happened in the dispute between the Philippines and China on the islands in the West Philippine Sea. Because the two countries failed to settle the problem within themselves, the Philippines filed a case with the Permanent Court for Arbitration under the United Nations.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Elman Service's Sociopolitical Typology Types of Political Organizations 1. Band Typically formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendships affiliations, and members usually have a common interest, or enemy. Thus, the main source of integration is kinship by blood or affinity.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Elman Service's Sociopolitical Typology Types of Political Organizations 2. Tribe A band that eventually survives fissioning and social velocity, even as it experiences increasing population and a shift from foraging and hunting community, to one where there is now a presence of multiple communities engaged in pastoral or horticultural forms of livelihood. The manner by which tribes are organized is through the presence of pantribal associations, or what anthropologists refer to as “sodalities”  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Elman Service's Sociopolitical Typology Types of Political Organizations 3. Chiefdom Formal leadership exists and authority rests solely on the members of a select family. Composed of a number of communities that are ruled by a permanent paramount chief coming from this elite family. It can be simple or complex. A simple chiefdom is characterized by a central village or community ruled by a single family. A complex chiefdom is composed of several simple chiefdoms ruled by a single paramount chief residing in a single paramount center.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Elman Service's Sociopolitical Typology Types of Political Organizations 4. State An autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a centralised government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. They began as chiefdoms and then evolved into more centralized, authoritarian kingdoms when their populations grew into tens of thousands of people.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY In political science, legitimacy is the popular acceptance of a governing law or regime as an authority. Whereas “authority” denotes a specific position in an established government, the term “legitimacy” denotes a system of government — wherein “government” denotes “sphere of influence”.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY Political legitimacy is considered a basic condition for governing, without which, a government will suffer legislative deadlock(s) and collapse. Authority is a quality or capacity of a person, institution, rule or order which becomes important in defining whether authority is correct or authentic, so that people can follow the rules and regulations without any hesitation.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Discussion POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY Max Weber put forward a very influential account of legitimacy that excludes any recourse to normative criteria (Mommsen 1989: 20) According to Weber, that a political regime is legitimate means that its participants have certain beliefs or faith (“Legitimitätsglaube”) in regard to it: “the basis of every system of authority, and correspondingly of every kind of willingness to obey, is a belief, a belief by virtue of which persons exercising.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Types of Authority according to Max Weber 1. Traditional Authority The ability and right to rule is passed down, often through heredity. It does not change over time, does not facilitate social change, tends to be irrational, inconsistent and perpetuates status quo People often accept power and rule as it has always been like that. Best example of this is countries who still have monarchies  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Types of Authority according to Max Weber 2.Charismatic Authority Power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment, which inspire loyalty and obedience from followers Charismatic authority is often the most lasting of regimes because the leader is seen as infallible and any action against him will be seen as a crime against the state Best example of this is Jesus because he had his disciples' loyalty and trust  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Types of Authority according to Max Weber 3. Legal-Rational Authority A form of leadership in which the authority of a ruling government regime comes from a system of bureaucracy, public choice, and legality It is legitimate because laws, rules, norms, and procedures are respected and obeyed because they are laws, rules, norms, and procedures Best example of this is bureaucracy, bureaucracy means that the power in the government is divided among departments and officials WHAT DO YOU NOW KNOW? Let's have a short test!  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Test Question #1 I play a big role in our society as I influence all of you in every aspect of life such as economics and politics and I also can be found in elite families. I am also related to the system of succession of political leaders from the same family or clan, who am I? A. Political Dynasty B. Aristocracy C. Political Alliance D. Kinship of Politics  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Test Question #2 The following choices state the benefits of political dynasty except: I. Long-term Development Strategies II. Question in Service III. Rise in chances of female politicians IV. Developing Jurisdiction V. Continuity VI. Limited competition A. I, III, IV B. I, III, VI C. I, III, V D. I, IV, V  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Test Question #3 PDP-Laban, PMP, NPC, and UNA are examples of? (Select all that apply) A. Political Alliance B. Political Dynasty C. Political Bloc D. Political Coalition  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Test Question #4 A political organization can be: A. An autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a centralized government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. B. A non-autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a decentralized government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. C. A non-autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a centralised government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. D. Any organization that involves itself in the political process  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Test Question #5 Napoleon Bonaparte was loved by the French people for his wits on his strategies during the Napoleonic wars and his dignified reputation due to his activities during the French Revolution. What type of authority General Napoleon demonstrated? A. Traditional Authority B. Charismatic Authority C. Ownership Authority D. Legal-Rational Authority  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Answer #1 I play a big role in our society as I influence all of you in every aspect of life such as economics and politics and I also can be found in elite families. I am also related to the system of succession of political leaders from the same family or clan, who am I? A. Political Dynasty B. Aristocracy C. Political Alliance D. Kinship of Politics  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Answer #2 The following choices state the benefits of political dynasty except: I. Long-term Development Strategies II. Question in Service III. Rise in chances of female politicians IV. Developing Jurisdiction V. Continuity VI. Limited competition A. I, III, IV B. I, III, VI C. I, III, V D. I, IV, V  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Answer #3 PDP-Laban, PMP, NPC, and UNA are examples of? (Select all that apply) A. Political Alliance B. Political Dynasty C. Political Bloc D. Coallition  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Answer #4 A political organization can be: A. An autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a centralized government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. B. A non-autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a decentralized government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. C. A non-autonomous political unit, including many communities within its territory. It has a centralised government with the sovereign power to collect taxes, draft men for work or war, and enforce laws. D. Any organization that involves itself in the political process  KINSHIP OF POLITICS Answer #5 Napoleon Bonaparte was loved by the French people for his wits on his strategies during the Napoleonic wars and his dignified reputation due to his activities during the French Revolution. What type of authority General Napoleon demonstrated? A. Traditional Authority B. Charismatic Authority C. Ownership Authority D. Legal-Rational Authority  KINSHIP OF POLITICS References