Ships Structural Damage & Prevention During Cargo Transfer - PDF

Ships structural damages and method of prevention: Cargo Transfer and Severe Weather Condition GROUP 4 Ship Structural Damages and Methods of Prevention :Cargo Transfer Damage prevention check items on board bulk carriers: The typical design and arrangement of single-side skin bulk carriers cre...

Ships structural damages and method of prevention: Cargo Transfer and Severe Weather Condition GROUP 4 Ship Structural Damages and Methods of Prevention :Cargo Transfer Damage prevention check items on board bulk carriers: The typical design and arrangement of single-side skin bulk carriers creates barriers to safe and efficient cargo handling, particularly discharge using grabs. The traditional shape and layout of single-side skin bulk carriers provides impediments to safe and efficient cargo handling, especially discharge utilizing grabs. Grab damage in the holds can be classified into three categories :  Free digging can cause damage to ladder and coaming.  During the second step of digging, damage occurred to the frames and hopper side.  The tank top was damaged during the third step of excavating. Bulk terminal Grab Operation Bulk terminal grab operations are commonly used in ports and terminals to load and unload bulk cargo like coal, ore, grains, and other loose materials. Grab evenly over the grip Avoid swinging the grab into the wings Grab must be straight and parallel to the ship's side. Do not land the grasp on the hopper side, where there is bare steel. Avoid landing the grab near the foreward and after bulkheads Always seize the cargo at its highest point. Damage to the ship's frames can impact its seaworthiness Swinging the grab at an angle can cause the corner to hit the hopper tank first.  Prevention of damage to inner bottom plating (tank top): Slowly and evenly lower the grip onto the tank top. Never lose your grip when you're moving fast. When there are a lot of items on the tank top, use extreme caution. Prevention of damage to hatch coamings and covers: Ensure hatch covers are entirely open and clear of the coaming. This ensures that the swing remains under control at all times. Payloader drivers should: Work carefully near ladders and projections To prevent damage, avoid grinding the corners of the payloader bucket The master should indicate the position of any impediments on the tank top. Geared Ships: Derrick and crane jibs not in use should be lowered below the level of the unloader boom. Before moving the unloader, ensure there is safe clearance above any obstructions as the ship rises during cargo unloading. 7 Important Points for Safe Lightering Operations On Ships: 1. Person in charge 2. master knowledge and responsibility 3. Communiction 4. Mooring and unmooring 5. Cargo and use of cargo transfer equipment 6. Weather 7. Operational checklists Ships structural damages and methods of prevention severe weather conditions Heavy weather" refers to rough or severe weather conditions at sea that can significantly impact a ship's operations and safety. These conditions generally include strong winds, high waves, rough seas, and often poor visibility, which create challenging and hazardous conditions for vessels. Personnel (Master, crew, passengers) Wear appropriate winter gear and exercise caution on ice decks to prevent accidents. Machinery Deck hydraulic machinery: Machinery must be warmed up well in advance before the actual operation. Emergency generator: Check to see if the cooling water contains antifreeze jacket/radiator. It should not freeze. Cooling water recirculating valve: For vessels trading in the North Atlantic and North Pacific areas  General Ensure the vessel has enough fuel reserves for the journey, especially during extreme weather conditions. Ensure that all loose material in all stores and deck are well secured. All watertight doors and Foc'sle storage booby hatches must be firmly fastened. Ensure anchors are properly contained and fastened with additional lashings as needed. Tighten gangway lashings on a regular basis to prevent movement and damage during shipping on deck. Ensure all cargo security precautions are performed, such as lashings. Shoring/tomming, airbags, tight storage, etc. During heavy weather, individuals on deck should work in groups of two or more and keep on the lee side, with the option of seeking shelter or tethering. Check that the caps on the ballast/bilge sounding pipes/temperature pipes are tightly closed and little risk of caps being washed away, resulting in water ingress  On Bulk Carriers, correct ventilation of holds to be followed and vents trimmed or closed in heavy weather. Consult with C/E to reduce engine rpm to acceptable levels and prevent slamming. To avoid heavy rolling (parametric rolling), container and PCC vessels should modify their route and speed in advance. Ensure lube oil sump levels for both the m/e and a/e’s are maintained at a level to avoid pumps losing suction. Ensure the seawater pumps are set to low suction to avoid losing suction during heavy pitching of vessels. Ensure that the Engine room crane and the hook are secured at one end to avoid accidental movement and possible damage to property and personnel. Ensure the items in the provision stores and cold rooms are secured properly. Ensure cooks and catering staff are aware of the risks of cooking in rough weather and use restraining bars on the range.  Anchoring in rough weather areas: If there are any concerns about the safety of the designated anchorage area The RoRo, PCC, and Container vessels to review now High wind effects for maneuvering To avoid running aground in high wind conditions, it's best to ballast the ship before the storm hits Cold weather protocols and measures will be evaluated to guarantee crew and operational safety.