Module 4: Social Perception - Group 3 Presentation PDF

SOCIAL PERCEPTION: MODULE 4 How we come to understand other people Presentation by Group 3 Members: Bia Bautista Darly Ann Polmo Kent Macaspac Rikhail Ibarrientos Gio Willson Uy WHAT WE WILL TALK ABOUT Les...

SOCIAL PERCEPTION: MODULE 4 How we come to understand other people Presentation by Group 3 Members: Bia Bautista Darly Ann Polmo Kent Macaspac Rikhail Ibarrientos Gio Willson Uy WHAT WE WILL TALK ABOUT Lesson 1 Non Verbal Communication Lesson 2 First Impression: Quick but Long lasting Lesson 3 Causal Attribution: Answering the "Why" Question Lesson 3.1 The Fundamental Attribution Error: People as Personality Psychologists Lesson 4 Culture and Social Perception  LESSON 1 NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION how people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words. Facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body positions and movement, the use of touch, and eye gaze are the most frequently used and most revealing channels of nonverbal communication. Help us to express our emotions, our attitudes, and our personality (and to perceive those same characteristics in others).  CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION 1. Eye Contact and Gaze 2. Personal Space and Touching 3 Head and Hand Gestures “OK” sign thumbs-up gesture “hand-purse” gesture Nodding the head LESSON 2 FIRST IMPRESSION: QUICK BUT LONG LASTING  FIRST IMPRESSION THIN SLICING PRIMACY EFFECT Which means drawing meaningful What we learn first about conclusions about another person’s another person colors how we personality or skills based on an see the information we learn extremely brief sample of behavior next BELIEF PERSEVERANCE Standing by initial conclusions even when subsequently learned information suggests we shouldn’t. FIRST IMPRESSION LESSON 3 CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION: ANSWERING THE "WHY" QUESTION The study of how we infer the causes of other people’s behavior. It addresses our explanations of our own and other people’s behavior. The Nature of the Attribution Process The father of attribution theory, Fritz Heider. He discussed what he called “naive,” or “commonsense,” in his book INTERNAL ATTRIBUTION - The interference that a person is behaving in a certain way is because of something about the person , such as attitude, character, or personality EXTERNAL ATTRaIBUTION - The interference that a person is behaving in a certain way is because of something about the situation he or she is in; the assumption is that most people would respond the same way in that situation situation that the individual is in. The Covariation Model: Internal versus External Attributions Kelley’s theory called the covariation model, says you will examine multiple behaviors from different times and situations to answer this question.  LESSON 3.1 THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR: PEOPLE AS PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGISTS The fundamental theory or schema most of us have about human behavior is that people do what they do because of the kind of people they are, not because of the situation they are in. CORRESPONDENCE BIAS the proposed tendency to infer a personal disposition corresponding to observed behavior even when the behavior was determined by the situation  FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s behavior is due to internal, CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of THEORY situational factors This proposes that observers infer PERCEPTUAL SALIENCE correspondent intentions and dispositions for observed intentional behavior under certain The seeming importance of circumstances. information that is the focus of people’s attention SELF-SERVING ATTRIBUTIONS Explanations for one’s successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one’s BIAS BLIND SPOT failures that blame external, situational factors The tendency to think that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are  LESSON 4 CULTURE AND SOCIAL PERCEPTION Social psychologists are focusing more and more on the role of culture in many aspects of social perception. They have increasingly begun to consider cross-cultural differences in how people interpret the world around them. The individual is more likely to derive his or her sense of self from the social group. The intellectual history of this belief derives from the Confucian tradition-for example, the "community man" (qunti de fenzi) or "social being" (shehui de renge)-as well as from Taoism and Buddhism (Menon et al., 1999, p. 703; Zhu & Han, 2008).  HOLISTIC VERSUS ANALYTIC THINKING Research has indicated that these different cultural values predict the kind of information that people notice and pay attention to. The values inherent in individualistic Western cultures cause people, as they grow up, to develop more of an analytic thinking style. What is HOLISTIC THINKING ? Holistic thinking is a cognitive style that focuses on the context of a situation, and the relationships between the disparate elements of that situation. ANALYTICAL THINKING is the ability to tackle complicated issues by evaluating information you've gathered and organized. Analytical thinkers can detect patterns between datasets that often lead to creative solutions. They're able to turn noisy data and information into action. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR Although people from both individualistic and collectivistic cultures demonstrate the fundamental attribution error, members of collectivist cultures are more sensitive to situational causes of behavior as long as situational variables are salient. CULTURE AND OTHER ATTRIBUTIONAL BIASES There is also evidence for cross-cultural differences in self-serving attributions and belief in a just world. Typically, these differences, too, occur between Western, individualistic cultures and Eastern, collectivistic cultures. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! GROUP 3 BAUTISTA, Bia G. IBARRIENTOS, Rikhail MACASPAC, Kent POLMO, Darly Ann UY, Gio ANSWERS: 1. Bias Blind Spot 2. Perceptual Salience 3. Attribution Theory 4. Self-Serving Attributions 5. Consensus Information 6. Distinctiveness Information 7. Consistency Information 8. External Attribution 9. Covariation Model 10. Internal Attribution