Groundwater PPT Day 3 PDF

AIM: How does water move through the ground? GROUNDWATER DO NOW: Thinking back to our lesson on the water cycle, which term would describe water moving into the ground? I. Source of Ground Water Precipitation infiltrates the ground to become part of the groundwater supply....

AIM: How does water move through the ground? GROUNDWATER DO NOW: Thinking back to our lesson on the water cycle, which term would describe water moving into the ground? I. Source of Ground Water Precipitation infiltrates the ground to become part of the groundwater supply. What happens if water does not infiltrate? Water will infiltrate the ground if it is… Unsaturated: not filled with water. Permeable: allows water to flow through. Water will not infiltrate the ground if it is… Saturated: filled with water. Impermeable: does not allow water to flow through. What happens if water does not infiltrate?  II. Factors that influence Infiltration and Run off 1. Slope (steep vs. gentle) Leave two 1. Soil Composition (sorted vs. mixed) lines 1. Rate of Precipitation (heavy rain vs. light rain) of space 1. Vegetation (many vs. few) betwee n each With the person sitting next to you, discuss how you think these four factors influence the amounts of infiltration and run-off.  Slope - Steeper slopes cause more run off - Gentle slopes allow for more infiltration  Soil Composition Sorted Particles Mixed Particles allow for more cause more run off infiltration  Vegetation Many plants cause Few plants allow more infiltration more run off What do the roots help do?  Rate of Precipitation Heavy Rain cause Light Rain allow for more run off more infiltration  REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Water will infiltrate if the material is: 1. Impermeable and Unsaturated 2. Impermeable and Saturated 3. Permeable and Unsaturated 4. Permeable and Saturated  2. In which area will surface runoff most likely be? 1. Sandy desert 2. Wooded forest 3. Level grassy field 4. Paved City Street From the back table obtain the Infiltration Worksheet in the top bin.  Groundwater Groundwater's movement through the soil and rock depends on porosity and permeability. DO NOW… Think about the following questions…  I. Porosity: The % of open (pore) space between particles of rock or soil. Porosity depends on two factors: 1. Particle shape rounded particles have a lot of space in between them. flat or angular pieces fit together more closely. 2. Particle Sorting Particles organized by shape and size  Particle Sorting VS. POORLY SORTED WELL SORTED Materials have less pore Porosity is greatest in space because small materials that are well particles fill the pores sorted between larger particles.  Porosity IS NOT affected by particle size when the sediment is well sorted. http://www.eram.k12.n y.us/education/compon II. Permeability ents/docmgr/default.ph p?sectiondetailid=17500 &fileitem=1747&catfilte o The rate at which water or r=447 other liquids can pass through the pore spaces in rock or soil. - Impermeable materials block the flow of water. - Pore spaces must be connected for water to be able to flow.  III. Capillary Action water has an attraction to itself and other materials. in materials with small pore spaces water which is attracted to the particles is held so tightly that it can not flow in or out of the rock. Water may flow UPWARD slightly  Which of the above will have the greatest permeability and why? – A has the biggest holes to allow water to flow through fast Which one will have the greatest capillary action and why? – C smallest connected poor spaces Which will have the greatest porosity? – A, B, & C because they are all well sorted  Worksheet: From the back table obtain the Permeability, Porosity, and Capillarity Class worksheet AIM: How do people use water in the ground? Do Now: Looking at the 3 jars below (filled with the same amount of sorted beads), describe the Permeability, Porosity and Capillarity of each.  Earth’s Water Supply 97% oceans (salt water) 2% glaciers (frozen) 1% groundwater (fresh water) Less than 1% infiltrates into the ground as groundwater. Plants need groundwater for growth and groundwater is also an important source for our homes, industries and agriculture. I. Water Table - Marks the location of water underground (boundary). - rises with precipitation and lowers with evaporation and usage. Zone of Aeration Pore space contains mostly air. Zone of Saturation Pore space contains mostly water. What must exist below the zone Impermeable of saturation for water to fill in Rock the spaces?  Q: When you were younger did you ever dig a hole in the ground hoping to find buried treasure? What did you find? Past the grass, roots, small stones…you would notice the soil getting wet and heavy. The bottom of the hole would start to fill up with water? STRUCK GROUNDWATER!  Where does Groundwater come from? Water in rivers, lakes, oceans come from precipitation. Groundwater sinks into the ground/soil. A. Groundwater is the zone of saturation. Is the amount of ground water constant? Give an example of something that might change the amount of ground water? B. Aquifer – permeable soil/rock that allows groundwater to move freely. **This supplies a town or city with water. Impermeable rock II. Groundwater Features A. Springs – areas where the water table rises and meets the surface naturally. – Is a result of an aquifer being filled to the point that the water overflows onto the land surface. - Hot Springs Water is heated by magma underground. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming  B. Geysers – pressurized heated water that is forced out of the ground. What do you think supplies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tShhZvvIM84 the heat? - Heat comes from magma Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park,  C. Wells - holes dug below the water table that fill with water. Pumping a well can cause a drawdown (lowering) of the water table. - this forms a cone of depression in the water table.  Location of the Water Table Important to us because water wells MUST reach BELOW the water table. Pumping water from a well faster than it can be replaced LOWERS the water table. When the water table falls BELOW the reach of the well, the well “runs dry”. III. Groundwater Problems 1) Overuse and contamination threatens groundwater supplies. 2) Sinkholes - surface depressions. - over use of the ground water causes subsidence (sinking) - bedrock dissolves (limestone) and the ground collapses. http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/lesson07/l7la2.htm Review: 1. What is the difference between the zone of aeration and zone of saturation of groundwater? 1.  Closure: With the person sitting next you, explain what would happen to the water table and ground water supply if there were many wells dug into the ground in one area? Describe what might make the water table move up or down within the ground? TB p. 304 #1-6 p. 309 #7-10