Grade 11 Philo Q1 Mod 2 PDF

 ### Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode ### Quarter 1- Module 2: Method of Philosophizing First Edition, 2020 #### Printed in the Philippines by #### Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) ![](media/image5....

 ### Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode ### Quarter 1- Module 2: Method of Philosophizing First Edition, 2020 #### Printed in the Philippines by #### Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)  ### TABLE OF CONTENTS ### Page No. [Overview 1](#overview) General Instructions 2 Lesson 2: Method of Philosophizing 3 [What I Need to Know 3](#what-i-need-to-know) [What I Know 4](#what-i-know) [What's In 5](#whats-in) [What's New 5](#whats-new) [What Is It? 6](#what-is-it) Lesson 2.1 7 [What I Know 8](#what-i-know-1) [What's In 9](#whats-in-1) Lesson 2.2 11 [What I Know 11](#what-i-know-2) [What's In 12](#whats-in-2) Lesson 2.3 13 [What's New 13](#whats-new-1) [What Is It? 14](#what-is-it-1) [What's More 15](#whats-more) [What I Have Learned 16](#what-i-have-learned) What Can I Do 17 [Assessment 18](#assessment) [Answer Key 19](#answer-key) [References 20](#references) OVERVIEW ======== - Lesson 2.1- Distinguish opinion from truth - Lesson 2.2 -- Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth - Lesson 2.3 --Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing WHAT I NEED TO KNOW? -------------------- 1. Distinguish opinion from truth **PPT11/12-Ic-2.1** 2. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth **PPT11/12-Id-2.2** 3. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing **PPT11/12-Id-2.3** WHAT I KNOW ----------- #### Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you have learned from our previous lesson. Plato Wisdom Holistic Thinking ---------------- -------------- -- -- ------------------- Love of wisdom Karl Jaspers Love #### Great job! Later we will see if your answers are correct by reading the rest of this module. WHAT'S IN ------------------------------- WHAT'S NEW? ----------- WHAT IS IT? ----------- - #### Examples of an opinion: - Ann can have the opinion that Italian food tastes best, while Joe has the opinion that French food is ideal. - Sue can have the opinion that reading is boring, while Mike can have the opinion that reading is fun. - Penny can have the opinion that cold weather is better, while Tim can prefer hot weather. WHAT I KNOW --------------------------------- WHAT'S IN? ---------- ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ad hominem attacking the person presenting the argument instead of the argument itself. Appeal to force using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument. Appeal to emotion using emotions such as pity or sympathy. Appeal to the popular the idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it. Appeal to tradition the idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time. Begging the question assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also known as circular argument. Cause-and-effect assuming "cause-and-effect" relationship between unrelated events Fallacy of composition assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole Fallacy of division assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts. ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Correspondence bias or attribution effect tendency to judge a person's personality by his or her actions, without regard for the external factors or influence. Confirmation bias tendency to look for and readily accept information which fits one's own beliefs or views and to reject ideas or views that go against it. Framing focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects. Hindsight \- the tendency to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical events. Conflict of interest a person or group is connected to or has a vested interest in the issue being discussed. Cultural bias analyzing an event or issue based on one's cultural standards. ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute. 2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith. 3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings. WHAT I KNOW? ------------ WHAT'S IN? -------------------------------- WHAT'S NEW ---------- I am alive --------------- -- -- I have a body I can breathe WHAT IS IT ---------- ### TYPES OF REASONING ### DEDUCTIVE REASONING INDUCTIVE REASONING  #### Deductive Reasoning #### Inductive Reasoning WHAT'S MORE -----------  WHAT I HAVE LEARNED? -------------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Philosophy is concerned with determining the concept of [ ]. Truth lies at the heart of any inquiry. - In philosophy, systematic [ ] is employed to help determine the truth. This means that every statement, claim, evidence, and experience is scrutinized and analyzed. - There are various philosophical views regarding truth. One perspective is that a belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of one's [ ] **,** a belief or statement is true if it is based on facts. Another way of determining what is true is getting a [ ] or having people agree on a common belief. Philosophers also believe that claims and belief should also be subjected to tests to determine truth. - Opinions are statements which not only give facts but also provide conclusions or perspective regarding certain situations. - Arguments often take the form of statements that are either claims of facts and are phrased in such a way that they seem reasonable. Hence, some arguments may contain fallacies which means they are products of faulty reasoning. - [ ] or the personal views of the person presenting it affect the way he or she sees reality.  ASSESSMENT ---------- #### After our lesson, let us now check what you have learned. Facts Cultural of Bias Truth Framing Knowledge --------------------- ------------------ --------- ------------ ---------------------- Appeal to Tradition Fallacies Opinion Ad Hominem Conflict of Interest #### Congratulations! You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job, it's now time to go on to the next adventure...Good luck! #### Rubrics for Short Answer ANSWER KEY ---------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- REFERENCES: -----------