Philosophy of the Human Person Module

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Questions and Answers

Which of these is an example of an opinion, as presented in the given text?

The Earth is round.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
The sky is blue.
Italian food tastes best. (correct)

The text states that opinions are always based on facts.

False (B)

What is the difference between an opinion and a truth?

An opinion is a personal belief or judgment, while a truth is a verifiable fact.

According to the examples provided, _ can have an opinion that cold weather is better, while _ can prefer hot weather.

Penny, Tim Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their opinions as presented in the text:

Ann = Italian food tastes best Joe = French food is ideal Sue = Reading is boring Mike = Reading is fun Penny = Cold weather is better Tim = Hot weather is better Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Lesson 2.1, according to the Table of Contents?

Distinguishing opinion from truth. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which fallacy involves attacking the person presenting the argument instead of the argument itself?

Ad hominem (C) Signup and view all the answers

The text suggests that opinions are always subjective and cannot be objectively proven.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Provide two examples of opinions, not mentioned in the text, about a specific topic like music or sports.

Answers will vary. Examples: "Jazz is the best genre of music." or "Soccer is the most exciting sport." Signup and view all the answers

The fallacy of composition assumes that what is true of a part is also true for the whole.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

The module focuses on the ______ of philosophizing, suggesting that it leads to knowledge and truth.

methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical events called?

Hindsight bias Signup and view all the answers

A person is connected to or has a vested interest in the issue being discussed, this is known as a ______.

conflict of interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the "What I Know" section in this module?

To assess the student's prior knowledge. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match each cognitive bias with its definition:

Correspondence bias = Tendency to judge a person's personality by his or her actions, without regard for the external factors or influence. Confirmation bias = Tendency to look for and readily accept information which fits one's own beliefs or views and to reject ideas or views that go against it. Framing = Focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects. Hindsight = The tendency to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical events. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a logical fallacy?

Correspondence bias (B) Signup and view all the answers

Cultural bias involves analyzing an event or issue based on one's cultural standards.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between the fallacy of composition and the fallacy of division.

The fallacy of composition assumes that what is true of a part is also true for the whole. The fallacy of division assumes that what is true for the whole is also true for its parts. Signup and view all the answers

Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or ______.

faith Signup and view all the answers

Inductive reasoning starts with a general statement and then uses logic to reach a specific conclusion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The tendency to look for and readily accept information that confirms one's existing beliefs, while rejecting contradictory evidence is known as ______.

confirmation bias Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a fallacy that uses emotions to persuade?

Appeal to emotion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a philosophical view regarding truth?

A belief becomes true if a majority of people agree with it. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Truth = A statement that expresses a belief, opinion, or perspective. Opinion = The quality of being real or actual. Fallacy = A mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound arguments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?

Deductive reasoning starts with a general statement and uses logic to reach a specific conclusion, while inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and uses them to draw a general conclusion. Signup and view all the answers

In philosophy, systematic ______ is employed to help determine the truth.

reasoning Signup and view all the answers

The term 'framing' refers to how personal biases and individual perspectives can influence our understanding of facts or events.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a fallacy?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is determining the concept of 'truth' important in philosophy?

Truth is central to philosophical inquiry because it helps us understand the nature of reality, knowledge, and belief. It also helps us evaluate different perspectives, arguments, and claims. Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways to determine what is true?

Some ways to determine what is true are: justification or proof, reliance on facts, consensus or agreement, and testing or empirical verification. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Opinion

A personal belief or judgment not based on absolute certainty.

Truth

A statement or belief that is in accordance with fact or reality.

Philosophizing

The practice of thinking and reasoning about fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics.