Philippine History Midterms PDF

MGA BABASAHIN HINGGIL SA KASAYSAYAN NG PILIPINAS GNED 04 SEMESTER 1 | Prof. Hazel Ann Halup WEEK 1 "IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND TODAY YOU 1972-1986 (Martial Law) HAVE TO S...

MGA BABASAHIN HINGGIL SA KASAYSAYAN NG PILIPINAS GNED 04 SEMESTER 1 | Prof. Hazel Ann Halup WEEK 1 "IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND TODAY YOU 1972-1986 (Martial Law) HAVE TO SEARCH YESTERDAY" 1987-1999 (Post EDSA) - PEARL S. BUCK 21st Century HISTORY C TYPES OF SOURCES  "HISTORIA”, Greek word, which denotes a thorough study. C1 PRIMARY SOURCES  History is about change.  Historians are those who have studied history.  Firsthand, contemporaneous descriptions of  Greek author Herodotus (c. 484 – 425/413 events that were written by people who lived BCE) is regarded as the “Father of History” during that time period or years later. since he first adopted the term “historia” and  They need to be interpreted by academics was a compelling narrator who had a keen because they are raw data. interest in local traditions.  Examples: A IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY 1. Autobiography 2. Empirical scholarly works such as research 1. History helps us develop a better articles, clinical reports, case studies, and understanding of the world. dissertations 2. History helps us understand ourselves. 3. Creative works 3. History helps us learn to understand other 4. Original documents such as diaries, people. speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, 4. History teaches a working understanding of records, eyewitness accounts change. 5. History gives us the tools we need to be C2 SECONDARY SOURCES decent citizens. 6. History makes us better decision-makers.  Interpret main materials and are intimately 7. History helps us develop a new level of tied to them. appreciation for just about everything.  These sources are records that relate to data that came from somewhere else B HISTORIOGRAPHY  Generalizations, analysis, interpretation, and Study of how historians construct history as a synthesis of primary sources are frequently field of study, and thus, it includes all used in secondary sources. historical writing on a given topic.  Examples: “The study of the way history has been and is 1. Journal articles that comment on or written – the history of historical writing." analyse research HISTORY : interpretation of the past 2. Textbooks, Dictionaries and HISTORIOGRAPHY : study of history encyclopedias 3. Books that interpret, and analyse 4. Political commentary, Newspaper B1 HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PHILIPPINES editorial/opinion pieces 5. Biographies Before 1500 (Pre-Spanish Colonization 6. Dissertations 1521-1896 (Spanish Colonization) C3 TERTIARY SOURCES 1896-1898 (The 1st Republic)  Neither offers original information nor 1899-1935 (American Period) interprets it. BSN 3-4 RAMONES,VIANNEY BLASE A., SN   Along with textbooks, reference books, and E3 INTERNAL CRITICISM handbooks, some dictionaries and encyclopedias can be considered tertiary  Examination of the truthfulness of the sources. evidence.  In many cases, tertiary sources are not  Process of assessing the physical qualities of considered a proper source to use in writing an item of evidence, determining if it is essays or reports. They are still vital for our consistent with historical facts about the research, however, and should not be ignored! period it was produced, and determining the materials it was made from in order to Primary sources are the foundation of original confirm its validity. history. They allow you to: 1. Make new discoveries 2. Expose students to multiple perspectives on great issues of the past and present D SOURCES OF HISTORY 1. Non-written Sources: are sources that are passed down from generation to generation through oral communication but are not recorded in writing. 2. Written sources: are historical events that have been documented and passed down from one generation. 3. Archaeology: is the study of historical artifacts that have been preserved - "Dug- history". 4. Linguistic: is the study of language similarities, how various languages of various civilizations are studied; linguistic helps us understand where we came from and how each culture spread. 5. Ethnography: is the study of an ethnic group or people's way of life. Ethnography involves participant observation for learning. E CRITICISM E1 HISTORICAL CRITICISM  Commonly referred to as the historical-critical technique or higher criticism, looks at the beginnings of ancient works to comprehend “the world behind the text.” E2 EXTERNAL CRITICISM  Process of assessing the physical qualities of an item of evidence, determining if it is consistent with historical facts about the period it was produced, and determining the materials it was made from in order to confirm its validity. BSN 3-4 RAMONES, VIANNEY BLASE A., SN  𝐌𝐆𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐁𝐀𝐒𝐀𝐇𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐆𝐈𝐋 𝐒𝐀 𝐊𝐀𝐒𝐀𝐘𝐒𝐀𝐘𝐀𝐍 𝐍𝐆 𝐏𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐒 GNED 04 SEMESTER 1 | Prof. Hazel Ann Halup THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD MAGELLAN IN THE PHILIPPINES WEEK 2 Ma-Yi or Ma-i (Land of Gold) ○ The name was created by Greek BACKGROUND OF MAGELLAN’S EXPLORATION cartographer Claudius Ptolemy and used on his historic map. The original Ferdinand Magellan Chinese name for Mindoro was Ma-i. 1480, half-aristocrat family However, historians asserted that Ma-i, Portugal 1509 - battle in Egypt along with all the South Sea island Battle of Azemmour - Gold reward groups and Manila itself, was not an King Manuel - Portugal, relative of Queen island. Leonor Las Islas de San Lazaro (Saint Lazarus’ King Charles V - King of Spain Islands) ○ 270 Crew ○ Five boats ○ Magellan had named the islands the Trinidad “Archipelago of St. Lazarus.” Santiago Las Islas Filipinas (Philippine Victoria Islands/Islands belonging to Philip) San Antonio ○ King Philip II of Spain is remembered Concepcion when the Philippines are named. After Magellan was killed by the locals, Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos led a subsequent expedition. In honor of the Prince of Asturias and Philip II of Spain, he gave the islands of Leyte and Samar the names Filipinas. SIBILISADO NA BA ANG MGA TAO SA PILIPINAS BAGO DUMATING ANG MGA ESPANYOL? 1. GAWI NG MGA TAGALOG JUAN DE PLASENCIA, O.F.M. 2. Revisiting the Readings in Philippine History a. Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos b. Batas noong panahon ng pananakop ng Kastila. Sa pamamagitan ng batas na ito’y pinangalagaan ang mga pamanang kostumbreng katutubo—kaugalian, tradisyon, at paniniwala ng mga katutubong Filipino. BSN 3-4 RAMONES, VIANNEY BLASE A., SN  Timawa Isa itong uring panlipunan na katumbas ng Malayang tao sa panahon. ○ keep slave ○ commoners Alipin Hinahati sa dalawa. Aliping Ay iyong nagsisilbi sa Namamahay kanilang panginoon ngunit may sariling ari-arian. Aliping sa Ay mga aliping nagsisilbi Guiguilir at maaaring ipagbili ng kanilang panginoon. 1. Tambalan - Babaylan 2. Atubang na Datu - Chief minister 3. Daragangan - “pinayusan” - decorative scarf made of abaca, outstanding soldier 4. Paratabgaw - barangay teacher ALLIANCES LIPUNAN Sealed through blood compact (sanduguan), Barangay – isang pagpupulong na Pacto de sangre in Spanish. pinangungunahan ng isang pinuno Tinawag itong “barangay” dahil ibinibilang nila ang kanilang sarili sa mga “Malay” na COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE pinaniniwalaang unang nakarating sa kapuluan 1. Dote, or Bigay-Kaya - dowry system sa pamamagitan ng sasakyang-pandagat na Without a dowry, a marriage cannot tinatawag nilang “barangay”. take place if the man is unable to Ito ay binubuo ng humigit-kumulang 30 - 100 match the bride's parents' required kabahayan. amount. Ang mga barangays ay nagtataglay din ng 2. Himaraw - compensation for the mother for all mabuting pakikipag-ugnayan sa isa’t isa; ang the sleepless night lost while the bride was an bawat barangay ay pantay pantay. infant. Sa pagkakataong naghihiwalay ang mag-asawa, kung ang babae ang DATU umiwan sa kanyang asawa upang Ang pinuno ng pamayanan; siya ay nagsisilbing magpakasal sa iba, ang lahat ng lider sa panahon ng digmaan ; sinusunod at kaniyang pagmamay-ari ay mapupunta iginagalang. Ang sinumang mamamayan na sa kanyang unang asawa. Subalit kung makagawa ng sala laban sa kanya, o sa iniwan niya ito na walang layuning kanyang pamilya, ay mapapatawan ng mag-asawang muli, ang kanyang kaukulang parusa. dowry ay mananatili sa kanya. Sa usapin ng pag-aampon, ang bata ay ANTAS NG LIPUNAN makatatanggap ng doble sa halaga ng pagkakabili sa kaniya; Maharlika Ay mga ipinapanganak na malaya. Warriors FACTS DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD 1. They compressed their babies’ skulls for BSN 3-4 RAMONES, VIANNEY BLASE A., SN  aesthetic reasons using a device called tangad. Dian masalanta – patron ng mangingibig at 2. Women enjoyed equal status with men. salinglahi 3. It was considered a disgrace for a woman to Lacapati and Idianale – patron ng mga have many children (Visayas). sakahan at paghahayupan; 4. Celebrating a girl’s first menstruation, pre-colonial style. Buaya - iniiwasang magalit ng mga Tagalog It was usually held with the help of a dahil sa kanilang takot na sila ay gantihan at catalonan (babaylan), the go-to masaktan. Iniaalay nila ang bahagi ng kung priestess-cum-doctor during that time. ano ang meron silang dala-dala sa kanilang During the ritual, the girl who was bangka. having her first period was secluded, covered, and blindfolded. Isolation usually lasted for four days if PANINIWALA UKOL SA PAGLILIBING the woman was a commoner, while Sa paglilibing, ang labi ng namatay ay those belonging to the principal class had to go through this process for as inilalagay malapit sa kanilang tahanan, at long as a month and 20 days! pinaglalamayan ng apat na araw. 5. Writing System Inilalagay sa isang bangka na nagsisilbing Baybayin is a pre-Hispanic Philippine kabaong ng pumanaw; ito ay binabantayan ng writing system that was widely used isang alipin. throughout the islands before the Ang pagluluksa ng mga kaanak ay sinusundan arrival of the Spaniards. The term ng isang pagdiriwang na may kainan at Baybayin comes from the Tagalog word, baybay, which means “to spell.” inuman. 6. Before Roman Catholicism and Islam were introduced, natives worshiped many gods and LABINDALAWANG PARI NG KASAMAAN goddesses. 1. Catolonan Pinangungunahan ang pag-aalay ng PANANAMPALATAYA KABILANG ANG RELIHIYON para sa piging at ang pagkain na kakainin ay inialay sa mga demonyo. Ayon kay Plasencia, walang templo o 2. Manggagauay sagradong lugar ang mga Pillipino sa kanilang Sila’y nagbabalatkayong pagsamba; nagpapagaling ng maysakit upang Pandot - Ito ay makikita sa pamamagitan ng makapanlinlang. mga itinayong malaking tahanan ng datu, kung 3. Manyisalat saan ang mga tao ay nagdiriwang. Sila’y gumagamit ng kapangyarihan Sa nasabing pagdiriwang, na karaniwang upang maghiwalay ang mag-asawa. tumatagal ng apat na araw, mayroon silang 4. Mancocolam malalaki at maliliit na tambol na kanilang May taglay na kapangyarihang apoy. tinutugtog. 5. Hocloban Nagaanitos – pagsamba sa mga anito Higit na makapangyarihan kaysa sa Bathala – ang pinakamataas sa kanilang mga mangagauay, may kakayahang pinaniniwalaan pumatay nang hindi gumagamit ng Kabilang sa kanilang sinasamba: araw, buwan, anumang gamot. Sila ay at mga bituin. Sa ilang pagkakataon, pati na rin nakapagpapagaling din ng maysakit. ang mga pumanaw na may taglay na 6. Silagan kakaibang kakayahan sa pakikipaglaban. May kakayahang dukutin at kainin ang Araw - pangkalahatang iginagalang dahil sa atay ng sinumang nakaputi. taglay na kagandahan; 7. Magtatangal Buwan – sila’y nagdiriwang, lalo na kung may Lumalabas sa gabi na walang ulo at bagong buwan; ibinalik ito bago sumikat ang araw. Bituin – hindi nila pinangalanan ang mga 8. Osuang bituin, maliban sa isa na tinatawag na Tala; Iniulat ng mga katutubo na nakakita Balatic – malaking kumpol ng mga bituin sila ng “osuang” na nakakalipad at Mapolon – pagbabago ng panahon pumapatay ng tao at kinakain ang Lic-ha – mga imahen na may iba’t ibang hugis; laman nito. BSN 3-4 RAMONES, VIANNEY BLASE A., SN  9. Mangagayoma May taglay na kapangyarihan upang akitin ang kanilang kabiyak at ito ay linlangin. 10. Sonat Tumutulong sa pagpatay sa tao. May taglay din silang kapangyarihan upang malaman kung ang kaluluwa ay masasagip o hindi. 11. Pangatahojan - Manghuhula. 12. Bayoguin - Lalaking nag-aanyong babae. BSN 3-4 RAMONES, VIANNEY BLASE A., SN