Glycolysis PowerPoint PDF

GLYCOLYSIS SOFEE AKHLAK Content 1. Define glycolysis 2. State the net production of glycolysis 3. Explain the 10 chemical reactions in glycolysis 4. Describe the fate of pyruvic acid GLYCOLYSIS Breakdown of glucose involving chemical reactions that splits a 6-carbon molecule of glucose...

GLYCOLYSIS SOFEE AKHLAK Content 1. Define glycolysis 2. State the net production of glycolysis 3. Explain the 10 chemical reactions in glycolysis 4. Describe the fate of pyruvic acid GLYCOLYSIS Breakdown of glucose involving chemical reactions that splits a 6-carbon molecule of glucose into TWO 3-carbon molecule of pyruvate @ pyruvic acids Takes place in cytosol This chemical reaction also produces: 4 ATP 2 NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) 2 Pyruvate Glycolysis does not require oxygen to produce ATP – anaerobic cellular respiration 10 reactions of glycolysis 1. Glucose is phosphorylated using a phosphate group from an ATP molecule to form glucose 6-phosphate 2. Glucose 6-phosphste is converted to fructose 6-phosphate (isomerization) 3. A second ATP is used to add a second phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate 4. to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 5. Fructose splits into 2 of three carbon molecule with each having 1 phosphate group: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G 3-P) ready to continue for glycolysis Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 10 reactions of glycolysis 6. Oxidation occurs as NAD+ accepts 2 electrons and 1 hydrogen ions leaving one more proton floating freely. Each molecule of G 3-P forms 1 NADH+H+ 7. A second phosphate group attaches to G 3-P , forming 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (2 molecule) phosphorilation 8. 2-phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecule) dephosphorilation 9. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid (2 molecule) 10.These reactions generate 4 molecules of ATP and produce 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) NAD+ Carrier molecule / enzyme Traps or carry electrons (-) and protons (H+) Transfer electron and proton where they are needed NAD+ low energy molecule NADH high energy molecule Glucose and pyruvate molecule RECAP FATE OF PYRUVIC ACID 1. Pyruvic acid converted to acetyl coenzyme A / Acetyl CoA when oxygen is plentiful (aerobic condition) 2. Pyruvic acid can be reduced to lactic acid (lactate) in anaerobic condition e.g. during strenuous exercise NB: LACTIC ACID escape the cell and enters blood. Hepatocytes removes lactic acid from blood and converts it back to pyruvic acid END