Cellular Respiration Glycolysis PDF
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Uploaded by ExhilaratingSanity8141
Marikina Polytechnic College
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Summary
This document details the stages of glycolysis, a cytoplasmic pathway that breaks down glucose into two three-carbon compounds, generating energy. It explains the endothermic and exothermic phases, highlighting key enzymes like hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. The process involves multiple steps of phosphorylation, rearrangement, and oxidation to produce ATP and other energy carriers.
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STAGES * glycolysis - a cytoplasmic pathway which breaks down glucose into two three-carbon compounds and generates energy - also known as E.M.P. pathway which stands for Embden - Meyerhof - Parnas pathway, which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Ka...
STAGES * glycolysis - a cytoplasmic pathway which breaks down glucose into two three-carbon compounds and generates energy - also known as E.M.P. pathway which stands for Embden - Meyerhof - Parnas pathway, which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas (ENDOTHERMIC/ACTIVATION PHASE) * phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase using ATP * rearrangement / isomerism using phosphoglucose isomerase * second ATP phosphorylation catalyzed by phosphofructokinase * 6-C molecule (Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate) is split into two (lysis) fragments, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and G3P (PGAL) by triosephosphate isomerase, then DHAP is converted into G3P (PGAL) (EXOTHERMIC/PAY-OFF PHASE) * oxidation and phosphorylation catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, produce 2 NADH molecules and give 2 molecules of BPG each with two high-energy phosphate bonds * phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the removal of high-energy phosphates by 2 ADP molecules produces 2 ATP molecules and give 2-3PG molecules * rearrangement/isomerism by phosphoglycerate mutase * enolase catalyzes the removal of water and gives 2 PEP molecules, each with a high-energy phosphate bond * removal of high-energy phosphate by 2 ADP molecules produces 2 ATP molecules and gives 2 pyruvate molecules through the use of pyruvate kinase
