Glaucoma Treatment Options PDF
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This document provides information on glaucoma treatments including drugs, such as prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, cholinergics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It details the potential side effects and warnings associated with each treatment. The information is presented in a tabular format.
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**Glaucoma: increased or reduced intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve; open- or closed-angle** **Prostaglandin analogs: increase aqueous humor outflow** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Drug (Brand) | Notes | Side effects...
**Glaucoma: increased or reduced intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve; open- or closed-angle** **Prostaglandin analogs: increase aqueous humor outflow** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Drug (Brand) | Notes | Side effects / | | | | Warnings | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Bimatoprost (Lumigan) | Latisse is for | May cause darkening | | | eyelash | of iris and eyelashes | | | hypotrichosis; may | | | | also consider castor | | | | oil | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Latanoprost (Xalatan) | -Cold storage; good | | | | for six weeks at room | | | | temperature | | | | | | | | -Xelpros does not | | | | contain benzalkonium | | | | chloride(BAK)\* | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Tafluprost (Zioptan) | Single-use and | | | | preservative-free | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Travoprost (Travatan | Does not contain BAK | | | Z) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ \*Common preservative associated with burning and irritation post medication administration **Beta-Blockers: reduce aqueous humor production** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Drug (Brand) | Notes | Side effects / | | | | Warnings | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Timolol (Timoptic) | -Consider | -Increased light | | | beta-blocker if only | sensitivity and | | | needing monotherapy | reduced HR / BP | | | | | | | -Timoptic-XE and | -Contraindications: | | | Timolol GFS are gels; | | | | administer once daily | heart block & | | | instead of twice | bronchospastic | | | daily | disease | | | | | | | -Cosopt = timolol + | | | | dorzolamide | | | | | | | | -Cosopt PF is | | | | preservative free | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Betaxolol (Betoptic | Less likely to cause | | | S) | pulmonary adverse | | | | effects compared to | | | | non-selective | | | | beta-blockers | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Cholinergics (miotics)** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Drug (Brand) | Notes | Side effects / | | | | Warnings | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Pilocarpine (Isopto | Increase aqueous | -Poor night vision | | Carpine) | humor outflow | due to pupil | | | | constrictions, | | | | corneal clouding, GI | | | | distress | | | | | | | | -Precautions: history | | | | of corneal abrasion | | | | or retinal detachment | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Drug (Brand) | Notes | Side effects / | | | | Warnings | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Dorzolamide (Trusopt) | -Reduce aqueous humor | Sulfonamide allergy | | | production | cross reactivity | | | | | | | -Acetazolamide (PO) | | | | is infrequently used | | | | for glaucoma | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Adrenergic alpha-2 agonist** Drug (Brand) Notes Side effects / Warnings -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- Brimonidine (Alphagan P) Increase aqueous humor outflow; reduce aqueous humor production CNS depression and anticholinergic effects **Rho kinase inhibitor** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Drug (Brand) | Notes | Side effects / | | | | Warnings | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Netarsudil | -Increase aqueous | Conjunctival | | (Rhopressa) | humor outflow | hemorrhage or | | | | hyperemia | | | -Cold storage; good | | | | for six weeks at room | | | | temperature | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
