Ophthalmology Medications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of prostaglandin analogs in glaucoma treatment?

  • Increase aqueous humor production
  • Increase aqueous humor outflow (correct)
  • Decrease intraocular pressure
  • Reduce optic nerve damage

What specific side effect is associated with the use of Bimatoprost?

  • Eye irritation with BAK
  • Increased heart rate
  • Dry mouth
  • Darkening of the iris and eyelashes (correct)

Which glaucoma medication requires cold storage for proper efficacy?

  • Bimatoprost
  • Latanoprost (correct)
  • Travoprost
  • Tafluprost

What is a contraindication for using beta-blockers in glaucoma treatment?

<p>Existing respiratory conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Tafluprost?

<p>It is a single-use and preservative-free medication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature does Travoprost have compared to other medications?

<p>Does not contain BAK (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of glaucoma treatment mentioned?

<p>Cholinergic agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do beta-blockers have on aqueous humor in glaucoma treatment?

<p>Reduce aqueous humor production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Dorzolamide in the treatment of glaucoma?

<p>Reduce aqueous humor production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with Brimonidine?

<p>CNS depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What storage condition is recommended for Netarsudil?

<p>Cold storage for six weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential allergy should be considered when prescribing Dorzolamide?

<p>Sulfonamide allergy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using Rho kinase inhibitors in managing glaucoma?

<p>Enhance aqueous humor outflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is infrequently used for glaucoma treatment?

<p>Acetazolamide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is considered a side effect of Netarsudil?

<p>Conjunctival hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medication is known for reducing aqueous humor production and increasing outflow?

<p>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for Timoptic-XE and Timolol GFS?

<p>Administered once daily for reduced heart rate and blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for using Timolol?

<p>Bronchospastic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary combination found in Cosopt?

<p>Timolol and dorzolamide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Cosopt PF different from standard Cosopt?

<p>Is preservative free (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant side effect of Pilocarpine?

<p>Poor night vision due to pupil constriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Betaxolol?

<p>It is less likely to cause pulmonary adverse effects compared to non-selective beta-blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug could potentially cause corneal clouding as a side effect?

<p>Pilocarpine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution to consider before administering Pilocarpine?

<p>History of corneal abrasion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Glaucoma

A condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve. This can lead to vision loss.

Closed-angle glaucoma

A type of glaucoma where the angle between the iris and cornea is narrow, blocking the flow of fluid out of the eye.

Open-angle glaucoma

A type of glaucoma where the drainage angle is open but the fluid outflow is still slowed down, leading to increased pressure

Prostaglandin Analogs

Medications used to treat glaucoma by increasing the outflow of fluid from the eye.

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Beta-Blockers

A type of medication used to treat glaucoma by decreasing the production of fluid in the eye.

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Bimatoprost

A prostaglanding analog commonly used to treat glaucoma. It is also the active ingredient in Latisse, used to grow eyelashes.

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Latanoprost

A prostaglandin analog frequently used for glaucoma treatment. Note its preservative-free version, Xelpros.

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Timolol (Timoptic)

A beta-blocker used to treat glaucoma by decreasing the production of fluid in the eye. Side effects may include light sensitivity.

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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A class of medications that lower pressure in the eye by reducing the production of aqueous humor.

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Dorzolamide (Trusopt)

A drug commonly prescribed for glaucoma that reduces aqueous humor production.

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Brimonidine (Alphagan P)

A drug used to treat high eye pressure by increasing fluid outflow and reducing fluid production.

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Rho Kinase Inhibitors

A group of medications that act on rho kinase, promoting fluid outflow and reducing eye pressure.

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Netarsudil (Rhopressa)

A medication that increases fluid outflow from the eye by targeting rho kinase.

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Cholinergics (Miotics)

A class of eye drops that reduce eye pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.

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Betaxolol

A type of beta blocker used to treat glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. It is less likely to cause pulmonary side effects compared to other beta blockers.

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Beta-blockers (like Timolol)

A type of topical medication used to treat glaucoma by reducing the production of aqueous humor.

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Timolol GFS

A gel formulation of timolol administered once daily for glaucoma treatment. It is a beta-blocker.

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Cosopt

A combination medication for glaucoma treatment. It contains timolol and dorzolamide.

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Isopto Carpine

A generic version of Pilocarpine, a cholinergic drug used to treat glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow.

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Poor night vision

A side effect of Pilocarpine that can cause difficulty seeing at night due to pupil constriction.

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Corneal clouding

A potential complication of Pilocarpine use, characterized by corneal clouding and vision loss.

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Study Notes

Prostaglandin Analogs

  • Increase aqueous humor outflow
  • Bimatoprost (Lumigan): Used for eyelash hypotrichosis, cold storage recommended for six weeks. May contain castor oil.
  • Latanoprost (Xalatan): Cold storage for six weeks, room temperature use okay in short term storage.
  • Tafluprost (Zioptan): Single-use, preservative free.
  • Travoprost (Travatan Z): Single-use, preservative-free.
  • Side effects/Warnings: May cause darkening of iris and eyelashes.

Beta-Blockers

  • Reduce aqueous humor production
  • Timolol (Timoptic): Consider for monotherapy cases. Available as a gel (Timoptic-XE) for once a day dosing, opposed to twice a day dosing.
  • Timolol + Dorzolamide (Cosopt): This combination drug is available in preservative-free form (Cosopt PF), reducing side effects.
  • Betaxolol (Betoptic S): May be less likely to cause pulmonary side effects compared to non-selective beta-blockers.
  • Side effects/Warnings: Increased light sensitivity, reduced heart rate and blood pressure. Risk of heart block and bronchospastic disease.

Cholinergics

  • Increase aqueous humor outflow
  • Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine): Side effects include poor night vision with pupil constriction, corneal clouding, and GI distress (stomach upset, vomiting etc). History of corneal abrasion or retinal detachment can be a reason to avoid using pilocarpine.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

  • Reduce aqueous humor production.
  • Dorzolamide (Trusopt): Reduces aqueous humor production.
  • Acetazolamide (PO): Infrequently used for glaucoma.

Adrenergic Alpha-2 Agonists

  • Increase aqueous humor outflow, reduce aqueous humor production
  • Brimonidine (Alphagan P): Side effects can include CNS depression and anticholinergic effects.

Rho Kinase Inhibitors

  • Increase aqueous humor outflow
  • Netarsudil (Rhopressa): Cold storage for up to six weeks. Side effects include conjunctival hemorrhage and hyperemia.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential information about prostaglandin analogs and beta-blockers used in ophthalmology. Test your knowledge on their uses, side effects, and storage requirements. Perfect for medical students and professionals in the field of eye care.

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