Ophthalmology Medications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of prostaglandin analogs in glaucoma treatment?

Increase aqueous humor production

Increase aqueous humor outflow (correct)

Decrease intraocular pressure

Reduce optic nerve damage

What specific side effect is associated with the use of Bimatoprost?

Eye irritation with BAK

Increased heart rate

Dry mouth

Darkening of the iris and eyelashes (correct)

Which glaucoma medication requires cold storage for proper efficacy?

Bimatoprost

Latanoprost (correct)

Travoprost

Tafluprost

What is a contraindication for using beta-blockers in glaucoma treatment?

Existing respiratory conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Tafluprost?

It is a single-use and preservative-free medication. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature does Travoprost have compared to other medications?

Does not contain BAK Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of glaucoma treatment mentioned?

Cholinergic agents Signup and view all the answers

What effect do beta-blockers have on aqueous humor in glaucoma treatment?

Reduce aqueous humor production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Dorzolamide in the treatment of glaucoma?

Reduce aqueous humor production Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with Brimonidine?

CNS depression Signup and view all the answers

What storage condition is recommended for Netarsudil?

Cold storage for six weeks Signup and view all the answers

What potential allergy should be considered when prescribing Dorzolamide?

Sulfonamide allergy Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using Rho kinase inhibitors in managing glaucoma?

Enhance aqueous humor outflow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is infrequently used for glaucoma treatment?

Acetazolamide Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is considered a side effect of Netarsudil?

Conjunctival hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medication is known for reducing aqueous humor production and increasing outflow?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for Timoptic-XE and Timolol GFS?

Administered once daily for reduced heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for using Timolol?

Bronchospastic disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary combination found in Cosopt?

Timolol and dorzolamide Signup and view all the answers

What makes Cosopt PF different from standard Cosopt?

Is preservative free Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant side effect of Pilocarpine?

Poor night vision due to pupil constriction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Betaxolol?

It is less likely to cause pulmonary adverse effects compared to non-selective beta-blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which drug could potentially cause corneal clouding as a side effect?

Pilocarpine Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution to consider before administering Pilocarpine?

History of corneal abrasion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prostaglandin Analogs

Increase aqueous humor outflow
Bimatoprost (Lumigan): Used for eyelash hypotrichosis, cold storage recommended for six weeks. May contain castor oil.
Latanoprost (Xalatan): Cold storage for six weeks, room temperature use okay in short term storage.
Tafluprost (Zioptan): Single-use, preservative free.
Travoprost (Travatan Z): Single-use, preservative-free.
Side effects/Warnings: May cause darkening of iris and eyelashes.

Beta-Blockers

Reduce aqueous humor production
Timolol (Timoptic): Consider for monotherapy cases. Available as a gel (Timoptic-XE) for once a day dosing, opposed to twice a day dosing.
Timolol + Dorzolamide (Cosopt): This combination drug is available in preservative-free form (Cosopt PF), reducing side effects.
Betaxolol (Betoptic S): May be less likely to cause pulmonary side effects compared to non-selective beta-blockers.
Side effects/Warnings: Increased light sensitivity, reduced heart rate and blood pressure. Risk of heart block and bronchospastic disease.

Cholinergics

Increase aqueous humor outflow
Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine): Side effects include poor night vision with pupil constriction, corneal clouding, and GI distress (stomach upset, vomiting etc). History of corneal abrasion or retinal detachment can be a reason to avoid using pilocarpine.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Reduce aqueous humor production.
Dorzolamide (Trusopt): Reduces aqueous humor production.
Acetazolamide (PO): Infrequently used for glaucoma.

Adrenergic Alpha-2 Agonists

Increase aqueous humor outflow, reduce aqueous humor production
Brimonidine (Alphagan P): Side effects can include CNS depression and anticholinergic effects.

Rho Kinase Inhibitors

Increase aqueous humor outflow
Netarsudil (Rhopressa): Cold storage for up to six weeks. Side effects include conjunctival hemorrhage and hyperemia.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential information about prostaglandin analogs and beta-blockers used in ophthalmology. Test your knowledge on their uses, side effects, and storage requirements. Perfect for medical students and professionals in the field of eye care.