GEO Exam Questions - Urbanization and Agriculture

Chapter 9: 1.​ What period did the worlds urban population exceed the rural population 2007 2.​ Villages arose with farming how many years ago 12,000 years ago 3.​ the first large permanent settlement evolved about 3,500 years ago 4.​ Why did the urban population first start growing...

Chapter 9: 1.​ What period did the worlds urban population exceed the rural population 2007 2.​ Villages arose with farming how many years ago 12,000 years ago 3.​ the first large permanent settlement evolved about 3,500 years ago 4.​ Why did the urban population first start growing at a much faster rate it was not until the onset of the Industrial Revolution, when peasants left their rural homes to find work in factories, that the pace of urbanization picked up 5.​ What proportion of the world's population were urban dwellers in the year 1800? a) 0-5 percent ( 3 percent ) 6.​ Approximately how many cities, world-wide, have populations in excess of 1 million people? d) 500 7.​ Which of the following countries has more urban residents than any other country in the world? a. china 8.​ Which of the following is associated with some degree of homogeneity in terms of economic status, socio cultural characteristic, or built form? a)suburbs 9.​ Which term refers to the largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into surrounding rural areas? Urban sprawl 10.​There is a close relationship between the rapid urbanization of the less developed world and what? d. Rural poverty 11.​According to current projections, the world's urban growth rate is expected to do what over the next 50 years? d. Double 12.​Where are most of the world's new (post 2018) mega cities anticipated to be located in 2030? b. Less-developed countries  13.​Which of the following terms refers to a pronounced difference in the growth rates between a core city and its surrounding areas? d. Donut effect 14.​As of 2018, there were 28 megacities. How many of these were located in the more developed world? a. 1-5 15.​Which of the following is predicted to be the world's largest city by 2030? a. Delhi 16.​The development of agriculture led to the emergence of four urban hearth areas. Which of the following is not one of them? Mesopotamia, Northern Egypt, Indus River Valley, Huang River valley c. The Amazon Basin 17.​The earliest cities date from about 3,500 BCE and developed out of which of the following? d. Large Agricultural villages 18.​The Romans knew that urbanization was the key to what? a. Finding solutions for agricultural surpluses b. Showcasing their cultural achievements c.providing marketplaces for goods d. Expanding trade networks e. All of the above p.367 19.​The First visible signs of urban development around the globe were found where? a. Mesopotamia; Ur, Babylon 20.​In seventeenth-century Europe, mercantilism had which significant result? a. It discouraged city growth. b. It encouraged urban sprawl. c. It had no significant effect on cities. d. It resulted in the industrialization of established cities. e. It encouraged city growth 21.​ Which of the following was NOT important for urban success in the industrial era? access to raw materials, such as coal, metals, or cotton; access to a large pool of manufacturing labour; and access to a marketplace for the manufactured goods.  22.​Using for power and transportation did not result in the The importance of coal for power and transportation resulted in major new concentrations of activity, machinery, capital, and labour in the new industrial cities. 23.​As cities side refers to what?—location or -physical location and characteristics of that location 24.​In medieval times where were cities typically located? -in medieval times, cities were built on hilltops or in sheltered harbours and with impenetrable walls and fortresses ( urban defensibility ) 25.​a cities “situation” refers to what -its location relative to others (how accessible it is) 26.​The central place theory of urban locations was introduced by which geographer -German geographer Walter Christaller (1966) 27.​To ensure the most efficient use of place, what shape should a hiderland be in a central place? Circle 28.​According to central place theory what is the range of a good and services to the local population narrow range 29.​What is not an economic characteristic of a global city 1) global cities contain the headquarters of large corporations, many of which are transnational companies. 2) global cities are key centres for financial institutions, such as banking, insurance, specialized investment organizations, and stock exchanges 3) business services such as accounting, advertising, marketing, and law gather in global cities. 30.​The majority of alpha world cities are located in which region of the world? Europe Chapter 10 31.​What does the term urban structure refers to -The arrangement of land uses in cities 32.​Which of the following is not a major urban land use category -six types: residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, and transportation  33.​Where are many of the world's fastest growing and largest cities located? China 34.​In terms of residential migration what is an example of a push factor prefer the peace, quiet, and privacy afforded by a single-family home in the suburbs 35.​The process of people moving in and transforming formerly derelict or low quality housing areas into high is known as what Upward filtering 36.​The process of spatially separating population subgroups is known as what segregation 37.​Jewish areas in eastern American and European cities are an example of what type of spatial segregation? b. Enclaves 38.​The process through which an ethnic minority group is absorbed into the larger society, thereby losing its unique cultural identity, is known as what? b. Assimilation 39.​The process through which an ethnic minority group is absorbed into the mainstream culture but retains certain aspects of its identity is known as what? a. Acculturation 40.​A policy intended to nurture the increasingly pluralistic character of a country with equality for all is called what? c. Multiculturalism 41.​Suburbs are as old as which of the following? b. Cities 42.​Urban deprivation, social anonymity, residential congestion, and pollution are all associated with which of the following d. Suburbs 43.​What is a conurbation? d. A built-up area formed by several expanding cities that were once separate 44.​A Centre of office and retail activities located on the perimeter of a large urban centre is referred to as which of the following? d. An edge city  45.​Which city is home to the world's tallest building (as of 2023)? c. Dubai 46.​Gated communities are designed to do which of the following? Exclude non-members b. Maintain security c. Maintain a quiet environment d. Maintain privacy *e. All of the above 47.​The Canadian Housing and Renewal Association reports that a psychiatric in-patient bed costs $665 per day and that jail equals $143 per day. How much does a shelter bed cost per day? c. $50-$99 per day (694 per day) 48.​Roughly what percent of indigenous peoples in Canada lives in urban areas today? a. 20% b. 30% c. 40% d. 50% e. 60% 49.​Which term refers to the ease at which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations? a. Accessibility 50.​Which term refers to the ability to move from one location to another e. Mobility 51.​Urban transportation systems influence which of the following? a. Accessibility b. Land-use patterns C. activity patterns of people d. Patterns of businesses e. All of the above 52.​Which of the following changes is occurring with advancements in information technologies? a.The need to move around the city increases. b. The need to move around the city decreases. c. Distance and location in the city become more important. d. The daily commute becomes increasingly more busy e. There is minimal impact on movement inside the city.  53.​Face-to-face contact is crucial to which of the following? b. Front-office activities 54.​What is the name of the movement to build cities that provide spacious and high-quality environments for working and living? e. Garden city 55.​The master plan of the garden city includes which of the following design elements? d. Both A and B —>wide streets & public open spaces 56.​A planned area of open, partially rural, land surrounding an urban is known as which of the following? e. A green belt 57.​Which architect reflected modernistic views and advocated increasing open and population density to facilitate the movement of people? a. L.E. Corbusier 58.​Which of the following cities was built according to the ideas of Swiss architect L.E. Corbusier? b. Brasilia 59.​New urbanism developed in response to which of the following factors? c. The spread of suburbs on the periphery of cities 60.​Which of the following statements describes zoning? A way to regulate land use b. Involves classification of an urban area into distinct areas of land use c. A means of ensuring that incompatible land uses are not located near one another d. A major tool of urban planning e. All of the above Pg:425 61.​In general, public transit systems are well-developed in which regions of the world? c. Asia and Europe 62.​What does the informal sector of the economy refer to? -underpaid, unrecognized and unregulated labour All of the above 63.​Why are migrants attracted to cities? e. All of the above The perception that the city offers better schooling, better water supply, better medical services, the prospect of permanent employment Chapter 11: 64.​Farmers can create artificial physical environments by using which of the following methods? e. Both a & b —> Building greenhouses & Practicing irrigation 65.​Which of the following is the main physical variable affecting agriculture? e. Climate 66.​Agricultural systems are affected by which of the following policy measures? b. International trade legislation 67.​Commercial agriculture is primarily characterized by which of the following? c. Profit 68.​What agricultural system has the production goal of meeting family needs rather than making profit? b. Subsistence agriculture 69.​According to the economist David Ricardo, which of the following is the key variable in the formulation of the economic rent concept? b. Economic rent 70.​The maximum rent that a potential land user can be charged for use of a given piece of land is referred to as which of the following? b. Rent ceiling 71.​According to Von Thünen’s crop theory, the zone closest to the town market is used for which of the following activities? -horticulture and dairying 72.​It has been observed that wheat cultivation was associated with which of the following? e. All the above —> rise of an urban network, major population growth & transport expansion 73.​Prior to learning that agriculture emerged and evolved independently in several places at approximately the same time, it was traditionally thought that agriculture first emerged in which part of the world? d. Southwest Asia 74.​Approximately when were horses first domesticated? a. 5000-0 BCE —-> 3500 BCE 75.​Which of the following variables is considered to be a possible cause of domestication of plants and animals? e. All of the above —> cultural, environmental, demographic 76.​Approximately when did the second agricultural revolution begin in England? c. 18th century —>1700 77.​The second agricultural revolution was associated with the end of the feudal system and the emergence of which of the following? e. Capitalism 78.​A fossil nitrate called caliche, used as a source of nitrogen, was first exported from which of the following countries? b. Chile 79.​What is the name of the process that converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia to produce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers? a. Haber-Bosch process 80.​Nitrogen fertilizers have been associated with which of the following? e. All of the above —>Water contamination, release of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, soil contamination, increased soil acidity 81.​What type of farming is becoming increasingly popular? e. Organic Farming 82.​The green revolution has received criticism for which of the following reasons? a. Producing lower yields b. Causing higher prices for crops c. Having undesirable environmental consequences d. Using limited technology e. Both A and B Pg.454 83.​As a result of the green revolution, nearly how much did world grain production increase between 1960 and 2018? e. 300 percent 84.​Soybeans, corn, cotton, canola and potatoes are the principal crops of which of the following? e. Genetic modification (GM)  85.​Which of the following have been accomplished through the genetic modification of foods? a. Inserting genes from animals to plants b. Making crops less vulnerable to pests c. Making plants less vulnerable to drought d. Both a & b e. All of the above 86.​Approximately how many acres of land were being used to grow genetically modified crops worldwide? b. 100-199 million —>190 million hectares 87.​Which region of the world significantly restricts the production and import of genetically modified crops? a. Asia b. Africa c. Europe d. South America e. North America 88.​Most of the no-till agriculture in Canada is found in which of the following areas? e. The prairie region 89.​Huggins and Regenold argue that no-till agriculture has which of the following benefits? e. All of the above —> reduces soil erosion, conserves water, lowers fuel and labour costs 90.​What was an inadvertent consequence of technological advance in farming techniques and practices that were designed to increase food supply? a. Increasing food prices b. Species loss in plants and animals c. Specialization of agriculture d. none of the above e. All of the above 91.​What are the disadvantages of no-till farming? d. Both a & b —> germination may be slower, heavier reliance on herbicides 92.​Today, shifting agriculture is practised almost exclusively in what areas? a. Moderate areas b. Frigid zones c. Hot deserts d. Tropical areas e. Temperate areas  93.​Wet rice farming is typically restricted to what type of environment? a. Flat land adjacent to rivers 94.​Pastoral nomadism remains an important type of agriculture in all of the following countries EXCEPT: d. South Africa 95.​Vine and tree crops are elements of which of the following? a. Mediterranean agriculture 96.​Corn, wheat rye and barley are all crops associated with which method of farming? e. Mixed farming 97.​Coffee, tea, cacao, sugar cane, tobacco and rubber are all examples of which of the following? e. Plantation crops 98.​Areas that specialize in less perishable dairy products reflect which of the following? b. Greater distance from the market 99.​Modern plantation agriculture is characterized by which of the following? e. All of the above —> multinational companies, incorporating vertical integration, producing for distant markets 100.​ Which of the following agricultural types is most likely to resemble a factory system, as opposed to the traditional image of an agricultural way of life? b. Large-scale grain production