Collection And Transporting Of Samples PDF

COLLECTION AND TRASPORTİNG OF SAMPLES Assist. Prof. Dr. Halit Şükür Assist. Prof. Dr. Hazel Tamakan Yeşilovalı  Morphological substances to be trasported for bacteriological investigations: Organ with Lesion: Hand-sized lesion organ parts In saline with 5...

COLLECTION AND TRASPORTİNG OF SAMPLES Assist. Prof. Dr. Halit Şükür Assist. Prof. Dr. Hazel Tamakan Yeşilovalı  Morphological substances to be trasported for bacteriological investigations: Organ with Lesion: Hand-sized lesion organ parts In saline with 50% glycerine However, glycerin has a bactericidal effect if it is to be delivered in a long time.  Blood: It is common to use an anticoagulant in blood samples, such as ethylene daimintetra-acetic acid (EDTA) or heparin. For serological and biochemical analyzes, the blood sample is collected as cleanly as possible by venous route. Ideally, the skin in the area to be bled should be shaved (or hair removed) and wiped with 70% alcohol and allowed to dry. The samples taken with anticoagulants should be mixed as soon as possible after being taken upside down with courteously.  Gel tubes can be used for serum samples, or blood should be left in the absence until room temperature begins to form for 1-2 hours. The tubes are then sealed with a sterile bar and the tubes are kept in the refrigerator at 4 °C for several hours or overnight, then the sample is centrifuged at 1000 rpm for approximately 10-15 minutes and the serum is slowly pipetted. SERUM: Serum is the white-yellow liquid separated from the clot formed by the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin and the collapsing of shaped elements between fibrin matrix. Serum does not contain fibrinogen. -Blood is taken into the tube and allowed to clot. -The relationship of the coagulated blood with the tube is drawn and separated. (blood drawing) -If the blood waits for a while at room temperature, the clot contracts and the serum collects on top. -Serum can be obtained in a shorter time by coagulating, scratching and centrifuging the blood taken without anticoagulants.  Serum _ _ _ _ _ _ PLASMA: is the liquid, cell-free part of blood, that has been treated with anticoagulants. Obtaining: - Blood is taken with anticoagulants. - 3000-3500 rpm. 30 min. centrifuge. - The upper liquid is used as plasma.  Plasma _ _ _ _ _ _ Stool and bowel content: Faecal samples should be swept for microbiological examination and transported in appropriate transport medium at 4ºC. The contents of the bowel are transferred to bottles of 50 cc. If the small bowel content cannot be delivered to the laboratory on the same day, 5 drops of chloroform Milk: be added to 50 ml small bowel content. should For the diagnosis of mastitis, the first milk in the patient's udder lobes should be taken into a separate container. 5 - 8 ml milk samples taken under sterile conditions should be delivered to the laboratory in the cold chain within 24 - 48 hours at the latest. If it is delayed for 2 days in delivery to the laboratory; 5 cc of 10% Boric Acid should be added to 50 cc milk to prevent bacterial activity.  Eye and Nasal Discharge: Samples are collected by swabing the palpebrane from the conjunctiva. The swabs are then placed in the transport medium. Nasal discharges (saliva, tears) should preferably be removed with wire-handled dacron, cotton and gauze swabs. Moistening swab with transport medium may aid in sampling. The swab should be brought into contact with the secretions for about one minute. It should then be placed in the transport medium and delivered to the laboratory at 4 ° C without delay. Abscess: Abscess specimens should be collected with scrapings from the abscess wall. The pus in the middle of the abscess is usually sterile. The best culture results are obtained when samples are collected from newly formed abscesses. Abortion: Fetal abomasal content (in ruminants), large lesions within and above the lung, liver and fetus should be sampled. In the case of infected parts of the placenta, 2 or more cotyledons, uterine discharge, leptospiral abortion in cattle and sheep, 20 ml medium urine of the parent should be collected. Serum samples should be taken for serological tests.  Urine: Urine samples may be delivered for urine analysis, bacterial microscopy, culture, or the presence of a clinical bacteriuria. Normally there should be no bacteria in the urine. Urine collection should be taken into consideration as much as possible from the urethra and the environment. The preferred collection methods for bacteriological procedures are examples of cystocentesis, catheter or middle urine. Fresh morning urine is best used to investigate urinary tract infections. Samples should be inoculated within 4 hours at the latest.  Genital Discharge and Semen: Samples can be taken by vaginal or preputial washing or the use of suitable swabs. Semen samples can be best taken using an artificial vagina. Specific transport medium conditions are often required. Skin sample: Biopsy or scraping samples from infected skin lesions are delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible in sterile containers. For fungal infections, skin scrapings and nails are also used. Samples taken for the detection of fungal infections, foreign substances in the lesions, contaminant fungal spores and other agents to remove; the lesions are thoroughly wiped with cotton soaked in 70% alcohol. After the alcohol has dried, forceps, curette, scalpel, etc. The skin is scraped from the active areas on the edges of the lesions and collected into sterile dry petri dishes or  Acceptance Criteria of Samples 1-Samples should be very fresh and be taken in sufficient quantities. 2- It should be preferred to take material from the patient during the pyretic period. Because it is possible to come across a large amount of factors in the blood. While feverish, hemocultures are usually performed by taking blood. In the chronic phase, there is usually no microorganism in the blood. Factors settle in tissues and organs and cause disorders here. Disease agents are excreted from the body by various secretions (milk, semen, saliva, etc.) and excretors (urine, stool, sputum, nasal discharge, uterine discharge, etc.).  3- Organs and tissues to be sent for examination: lesioned liver, lung, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph nodes, long bone, intestine, skin and blood, milk, urine, semen, CSF, exudates in body cavities, tear discharge, tracheal and intrauterine swabs and frots. Samples should be suitable for bacteriological examination and material should be taken from fresh cadaver. It should be taken 2 hours after the death and delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible in the cold chain. 4- Samples should be taken from patients without antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents or before antibiotic administration. If antibiotics have been administered, wait for the expulsion period and then 5- The morbid substances should be taken under aseptic conditions and placed in sterile containers and delivered immediately to the laboratory in the cold chain. If the planting will not be done on the same day, it should be stored at -20 ° C. 6-Containers and tubes used for bacteriological, mycological and virological examinations should be sterile. In order to remove morbid material, it is suitable to sterilize the scissors, scalpel and forceps by boiling in the same way and use after cooling. 7- The samples delivered must be taken separately and