General English B Past Paper 2020-2021 PDF

General English ‘B’ Lecture Notes Lecture 1 Verb to be Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been are called ‘verb to be’ forms Present Past I am was We You are were They He...

General English ‘B’ Lecture Notes Lecture 1 Verb to be Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been are called ‘verb to be’ forms Present Past I am was We You are were They He She is was It Exercise 1. Choose the correct ‘be’ form and fill up the blanks a. I …………….. (am/is/are) a student b. We ……………. (am/is/are) playing c. You …………….. (am/is/are) late d. They …………….. (am/is/are) friends. e. He …………….. (am/is/are) my relative. f. She …………… (am/is/are) singing g. Mohammed ………….. (am/is/are) our Prophet. 2. Choose the correct ‘be’ form and fill up the blanks h. I …………….. (was/were) a student i. We ……………. (was/were) playing j. You …………….. (was/were) late k. They …………….. (was/were) friends. l. He …………….. (was/were) my relative. m. She …………… (was/were) singing n. Mohammed ………….. (was/were) playing football The present participle is being. He is being very helpful these days. The past participle is been. We have been ready for an hour. 1 Adjective Adjective is a word which adds more information about the subject (Noun/Pronoun) in the sentence E.g. Aisha is a clever girl Adjective is divided into 6 kinds Descriptive adjective (good, bad, poor, rich, clever, active, dull etc) Demonstrative adjective (This, that, these, those) Distributive adjective (some, few, several, each) Possessive adjective (my, our, your, their, his, her etc) Interrogative adjective (whose, what, which) Quantitative adjective (one, two, three, whole) Exercise Identify the adjectives in the following sentences and write them in the space provided 1. He is a good player: ……………………………. 2. I like white car: ……………………………. 3. I am hungry: ………………………………. 4. They have three children: ……………………………………. 5. There are few students:……………………………………… 6. This car is mine: …………………………………………………. 7. Our job is done: ………………………………………… 8. Her books are at home: …………………………………………. 9. Which phone do you use?: …………………………………….. 10. Whose car is this?: ……………………………………………… 2  General English B Lecture 2 Different sentence types Compound, Complex Sentences and Conjunctions Before going to learn about the above topic, let us know about clause and its types Clause: A clause is a group of words with a Subject and a Predicate. A predicate is that part of the sentence which contains a verb and remaining part of the sentence. But, verb is necessary in a predicate. Without verb, there is no predicate. She speaks English. In the above sentence ‘She’ is the subject and ‘speaks English’ is a predicate. @@@ Types of clauses Clauses are of two types. The first one is Main Clause and the second is Subordinate Clause. Main Clause: A clause which gives complete meaning independently (by itself). That is why it is also called Independent clause or Principal clause Subordinate Clause: A clause that can’t give complete meaning independently. It means that it depends on the other part of the sentence to give complete meaning. That is why, it is called Subordinate or dependent clause. Though he worked hard,/ he failed in the examination If you just read the first part of the above sentence (though he worked hard), it is not giving complete meaning. So, it is called Subordinate Clause. But, if you read the second part of the sentence, it gives complete meaning by itself. So, it is called Main clause or Independent clause. @@@ Now let us know about Complex and Compound sentences Complex Sentence: A sentence with 1 main clause and 1 or more subordinate clauses 3  If he comes here, tell him to meet me The first part is a subordinate clause (not giving complete meaning by itself) and the second is a main clause (gives complete meaning by itself). So, it is an example of a Complex Sentence @@@ Compound Sentence: A sentence with two or more Main clauses They played well/ so /they could win the match There are two parts in the above sentence and both the clauses give complete meaning independently. So, there are two main clauses and it is a compound sentence. The two main clauses are connected with ‘so’. The word or words used to connect two or more clauses is called a coordinating conjunction as it brings coordination between the two clauses. @@@ Tips to identify complex sentence 1. If a sentence starts with ‘Though/Although’, it will be a complex sentence Though he is late, he is allowed to attend the lecture (complex) 2. If a sentence stars with ‘As’, it will be a complex sentence As she speaks English, I could interact with her. (complex) 3. If a sentence is in ‘so… that… not’ structure, it is a complex sentence It is so hot that I cannot go out. (complex) @@@ Tips to identify compound sentence 1. If a sentence has a conjunction ‘but/yet’, it is a compound sentence He is late but he is allowed to attend the lecture (compound) 2. If a sentence has a conjunction ‘so/and so’, it is a compound sentence She speaks English so I could interact with her (compound) The box is very heavy and so I couldn’t lift it (compound) @@@ Exercise: Underline the tips and write the following sentences whether they are complex or compound. The first one is done for you. 1. As the soup was cold, I warmed it in the microwave …complex………………... 2. He knows the truth, but he remained silent ……………………………………….. 4 3. The insect is so small that I can’t see it…………………………………………… 4. It rained heavily yesterday, so the classes were cancelled……………………….. 5. The cup is so hot that she can’t touch it. ………………………………………… 6. The dog started barking and so the thief ran away………………………………. 7. It was hot yesterday, but I went to college………………………………………. 8. The box is very heavy and so I cannot lift it…………………………………………… 9. Though he worked hard, he failed………………………………………………. 10. They played well, yet they lost the match………………………………………. 5  General English B Lecture 3 Punctuation and Capitalization Punctuation and Capitalization help readers understand sentences better. Punctuation marks: Period or full stop (.) A meaningful sentence ends in a period or full stop E.g. He went to Tripoli last week. Abbreviations end with a period. Dr. Smith lives in England Question mark (?) A question ends with a question mark E.g. What is your name? Exclamatory mark (!) At the end of a sentence which indicates great surprise. E.g. What a wonderful day it is ! Comma (,) 1-Comma separates list of items and two clauses I ate pizza, a burger, and ice cream They played well, but lost the match 2- It is used before quotations He said, “I am busy” Colon (:) It is used to mention a list of things E.g. I will need the following things: scissors, paper, glue and paint. 6 Semicolon (;) It indicates a pause longer than a comma but briefer than a period Quotation marks (double “ or single ‘) These marks are used to identify the exact words of a speaker President Trump said, “America the first” Apostrophe (‘) It is used to identify possession and short forms This is Ahmed’s book. He’s busy Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter in uppercase. Names always start with a capital letters. The first letter in a sentence also starts with a capital letter. E.g. He is a student. Exercise Write capital letters where necessary 1. thank you for the letter 2. she said, “today is beautiful.” 3. thursday 4. palm avenue, arizona 5. statue of liberty Write correct punctuation marks where necessary 1. She said I love reading books 2. Do you like Tennis 3. What a big tree it is 4. He is a clever smart boy 5. This is my friends car 6. Hes going to Tripoli now 7. Dr Khalid is an English teacher 8. Meet me at the park at 12 35 7  General English B Lecture 4 The modal auxiliaries Can-could, may-might, shall-should, will-would and must are called modal auxiliaries. 1. Can indicates ability, giving permission E.g. I can speak English (ability) You can go now (permission) 2- Could is used as the past tense of can and to asking for help politely E.g. I could finish the work Could you please give me your pen (request) 3-shall is used to express future with first person subjects E.g. I shall go to Tripoli We shall go to Tripoli 4-‘should’ is used in the sense of ‘necessary, compulsory’ E.g. You should attend the class 5- ‘will’ is used to express future with the subjects ‘you, they, he , she, it, ‘ E.g. They will come tomorrow 6- ‘would’ is used with ‘like to’ (would like to) in the sense of ‘want to’ E.g. I would like to become a teacher 7- ‘may’ is used to express possibility and asking for permission E.g. It may rain today May I come in? 8-‘might’ is used to express the less possibility E.g. It might rain ( less possibility than in using ‘may’) 9- ‘must’ is used to express ‘doing something is very necessary’ E.g. You must attend the exam tomorrow. Exercise Fill in the blanks with a correct modal auxiliary 1. I ……………………… meet my friend tomorrow (future) 2. They …………………… come here next month (future) 3. She …………………… speak English (ability) 4. …………………….. you drive a car? (ability) 5. ……………………… you please tell me your name (polite request) 6. He ………………… come today (possibility) 7. She ……………………… not feeling well ( less possibility) 8. I ……………….. like to become an engineer. 9. You ………………… come early (necessary) 10. You …………………… pass the exam to get the certificate (compulsory) 8  General English B Lecture 5 Sentence writing using conjunctions Conjunction: conjunction is a word which is used to joint two words or clauses. ‘and, or, but, yet, though, although, as, because etc’ are the conjunctions often used. E.g. 1. He plays tennis and football. (‘and’ is conjunction) 2. Do you like tea or coffee? (‘or’ is conjunction) 3. He missed the lecture because he came late (‘because’ is conjunction) Speaking about different situations using conjunctions (underlined words are conjunctions) Pair-work Q: When will you go to school? A: I will go to school as soon as I finish my breakfast. Q: How long will you stay home? A: I will stay home until my broken arm is healed. Q: Would you go to a party with me tonight? A: I would go if I come home on time. Q: Why won’t you help him clean his room? A: I will not help him clean his room unless he apologizes. Q: Why are you angry with John? A: I am angry with him because he was mean to his sister. Q: Why did you run to school? A: I ran to school so that I could be on time. Q: Who is going to sing tonight? A: John and Jane will sing tonight. Q: How does she feel? A: She feels sad and worried. 9 Exercise 1. They didn’t go out yesterday …………….. it was hot 2. He likes tea…………………. he doesn’t like coffee. 3. He failed in the exam …………………………he worked hard. 4. Ask him to wait ……………………… he comes 5. You can’t pass the exam …………………… you work hard 6. He said ……………………… he was busy. 7. I didn’t go to the party …………………………………. they didn’t invite me 8. Please write ………………………….. what I say. 9. I know …………………. he is hiding. 10. She worked hard ……………. she got good marks in the examination 10  General English B Lecture 6 Reading Comprehension Reading comprehension means to understand the meaning of the given text while reading. Comprehension means ‘the ability to understand something’ 1-Read the following passage to understand the meaning and then answer the questions that follow Titanic The sinking of the great passenger ship ‘Titanic’ is nearly forgotten. A small number of passengers were actually saved; those who are still alive today can be counted on the fingers of one hand. Then you will easily understand why I have been asked to write about that sad story. The Titanic, the largest ship in the world, was thought by many people at that time to be unsinkable. Yet, when it hit an iceberg in thick fog in the North Atlantic Ocean, it actually disappeared in less than twenty minute, taking nearly fifteen hundred people to the bottom. My own life was saved by my youth. Being only a boy of fourteen, I was one of those lucky women and children who were allowed to get away first from the sinking ship. The other passengers threw themselves into deep water and tried to mount our boat with the result that it turned over. Many people drowned, but I was strong enough to swim for three hours in the icy water before a passing ship picked me up. 1- Why did the ‘Titanic’ sink in the ocean? A: It hit an iceberg 2- How was the writer of this passage saved? A: By his youth/ a passing ship saved him 3- What did people think about the ship before the tragedy? A: The ship was unsinkable 4- What is the meaning of the underlined word ‘it’ in paragraph 3? A: Boat 5- How much time did it take for the disappearance of ‘Titanic’ after it hit an iceberg? A: Less than twenty minutes 2-Read the following text and answer the questions The Absent-minded Professor Professor Ameen was an Egyptian scientist who lived a quiet life with his wife. People called him absent- minded because he always forgets things. One day, he told his wife that he was going to fly next week to 11 France. His wife Maha asked him where he was going to stay. “I don’t know, yet”, he said. Then, his wife asked him to send her the hotel’s address in a telegram. Professor Ameen flew to Paris. He was lucky to find a good hotel in the centre of the city. He unpacked his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram to know where he was staying. He didn’t forget to put his hotel’s address in it. In the evening, he finished his work early, so he went to the Metro Cinema to watch a film. He came out at ten o’ clock and dreamed of a nice dinner and a good sleep in his room. The driver of the taxi asked the Professor where he wanted to go. Unfortunately, Mr. Ameen could not remember the name and address of the hotel. Professor Ameen got off the taxi and went to a telegraph office. There, he sent his wife another telegram. In it, he wrote, “Please send my hotel address at this telegraph office.” What made things worse was that Professor Ameen had to look for another hotel to spend the night as his wife did not receive the first telegram. 1. What was strange about the professor? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. What did Ameen’s wife ask him to do before leaving? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Where did Professor Ameen go after work? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Find words in the passage which mean the opposite of: a. Better b. Luckily Choose the correct answer 5. Professor’s wife did not answer the telegram as ………………………………………………………………………. a. She was careless b. She was asleep c. She did not receive the first one d. She was absent minded 6. How many telegrams did the professor send to his wife? a. One telegram b. Two telegrams c. Three telegrams d. No telegrams 7. ‘it’ in paragraph one refers to: a. The first hotel b. The second hotel c. The telegram d. France 12  General English B Lecture 7 Speaking Self Introduction Good morning/after noon/evening My name is ………………………….. (speak your name) I am from ……………………………….. (speak your village/town) I am studying at College of Education, Brack My father is a ……………………………….. (teacher/policeman etc…) My mother is a …………………………. (teaher/housewife etc…) I have ……………. brothers and ………………… sisters. Reading books and watching TV are my hobbies I want to become a teacher Thank you.. Some sentences which we use in our daily lives. Read and practice. 1. Good morning/afternoon/evening/night 2. How are you? I am fine 3. What is your name? My name is ………………………………. 4. Where are you from ? I am from Brack 5. Where do you live? I live in Brack 6. What is your father? My father is a teacher 7. What do you do in your free time? (or) what are your hobbies? I watch TV and read books in my free time (or) watching TV and reading books are my hobbies 8. What are you studying? I am pursuing my bachelor degree (or) under graduation in Education 9. From which department? English Department 13 10. Where are you studying? I am studying at College of Education, Brack 11. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have two brothers and two sisters I have two brothers and no sisters I have no brothers and sisters. 12. What time (or) when do you get up? I get up at 6 am 13. What time do you have your breakfast At 8.30 am 14. What time do you go to college? At 10 am 15. What time do you have lunch/dinner? At 2 pm/ at 9 pm 16. What time do you go to bed? At 10 pm 17. How often do you watch TV? I watch TV every day (Every day/ always/ sometimes/never/ once in a week/twice in a week/thrice in a week/four times a week) 18. What would you like to become in your future? I would like to (or) want to become a teacher. 19. What is the name of your country? Libya 20. What is the capital of Libya? Tripoli 21. What is the population in Libya? 6 millions 22. Which language do you speak? Arabic 23. Can you speak English? I can speak English fluently (or) a little 24. What is the distance between Brack and Sabha? 60 kilo metres (or) 25. How far is Sebha from Brack? Sabha is 60 kilo meters away from Brack 26. How old are you? I am ……….. years old 27. Where is your house? My house is near the Mosque (in front of, behind, beside, on the left side of, on the right side of) 28. Where is the nearest pharmacy here? 14  Go straight, Turn right at the square, you can find one on your left 29. How many members are there in your family? There are 10 members in my family. 30. What is your favorite colour? White/red/green/yellow/blue/orange/black/pink etc 31. How do you go to college every day? By bus/my father drops me/by train 32. Do you play football? Yes/no 33. Do you like tennis? Yes/no (I like it very much/I don’t like it at all) 34. How much is 1 kilo of rice? It is 4 dinars 35. Could you please give me your phone number Yeah, sure/ with pleasure/ yes, here it is..xx xx xx xx xx 36. May I come in? Yes, you can/No, you can’t 37. Can you speak English? Yes, I can/No, I can’t 38. Will it rain today? Yes, it may rain/ Yes, it is likely to rain 39. What should I do get good marks? You should work hard/You must work hard 40. If you work hard, you can get good marks 41. Unless you work hard, you can’t get good marks 42. Though he worked hard, he couldn’t get good marks 43. She got good marks because/as she worked hard 44. She worked hard but/yet failed in the exam 45. She worked hard and got good marks Names of places Home, college, university, hospital, school, bakery, supermarket, shop, petrol station, farm, farm house, taxi stand, city centre, main road, park, zoo, museum, hotel, hostel, prison, mosque, village, town/city, country, river, sea/ocean, hill, mountain, water fall Names of things laptop computer, desktop computer, chair, table, pen, pencil, eraser, sharpener, paper, file, envelope, book, box, refrigerator, oven, plate (plastic, steel, ceramic), glass, spoon, knife, fork, bottle, jar, jug, mug, gas stove, gas cylinder, bulb, tube light, tooth brush, tooth paste, soap, perfume, water, salt, sugar, milk, tea, coffee, carpet, mattress, blanket, ceiling fan, table fan, air conditioner, heater 15 Rooms in a house Sitting room, bed room, bath room/wash room/toilet, kitchen Parts of a room Door, window, floor, roof/ceiling, wall, corner Names of vegetables Onion, tomato, potato, pumpkin, cauliflower, cabbage, brinjal (egg plant), cucumber, green chilies, garlic, ginger Names of fruits Apple, banana, orange, grapes, mango, cherry fruit, Some opposite words in daily use Good x bad Weak x strong Give x take High x low Tall x short Fat x lean (thin) Brave x timid (adjectives) Fear x courage (nouns) Beautiful x ugly Clever (wise) x foolish Hot x cold Bright x dark Far x near Small x big Sit x stand Asleep x awake Fast x slow 16  General English B Lecture 8 Writing Reports What is Report Writing? 1. A report is a written account of something that the reporter (a person who writes about something) has observed, heard, done or investigated. 2. It is a systematic and well organized presentation of facts and findings. 3. It can be short or long based on the subject and type of the report. Types of reports There are different kinds of reports (progress reports, medical reports, periodic reports, annual reports, functional reports etc). In the academic context, an event report (a report that includes the information about an event in the college for instance) is ideal for the students to practice report writing. Format of Report writing (event report) The following are the main sections involved in report writing. 1. Heading This section contains the subject of the report, reporter’s name and the date of the report 2. Introduction This section answers the ‘5W s’ (what, why, when, where, who) 3. Body This is the important information the reporter wants to convey to the readers. Based on the length of the information, it can be divided into 2 or 3 paragraphs. 4. Conclusion This section includes the outcomes (or) how an event ended (if it is an event report) Exercise Write an event report about ‘the poster day’ conducted in your college Step 1: Heading (writing this heading is not necessary, it is for your understanding only) Poster Day (name of the reporter, date) Step 2: Introduction (this heading is for your understanding, not necessary when you write a real report) 17 This is a brief event report about the poster day conducted in our college (what). This event was organized at our college on 01/01/2020 to develop presentation skills among the students (where, when, why). The president of Sebha University attended the event as a Chief Guest and addressed the students (who). Step 3: Body (writing this heading is not necessary, it is for your understanding only s are not necessary) The President of Sebha University inaugurated the event. Students of all the departments in our college participated in it. They prepared the posters of their respective subjects/departments and displayed them in the campus. Posters were presented by the teachers also. As prior information was passed to nearby academic organizations, there were a big number of visitors. The students explained the objective of their posters to the visitors. The event came to an end around 3 pm. Step 4: Conclusion (writing this heading is not necessary, it is for your understanding only) This event was seen as a platform to develop creative, interactive and communicative skills among the students. Homework What is report writing and write the format of an event report. 18