GED-Module6-NSTP-CWTS1 (AISAT College) PDF

SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE COLLEGE MODULE 6 Subject: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM- Civic Welfare Training Service 1 - (NSTP-CWTS 1) AISAT COLLEGE – DASMARIÑAS, INC. This mate...

SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE COLLEGE MODULE 6 Subject: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM- Civic Welfare Training Service 1 - (NSTP-CWTS 1) AISAT COLLEGE – DASMARIÑAS, INC. This material has been developed in support to the Senior High School Program implementation. Materials included in this module are owned by the respective copyright holders. AISAT College – Dasmariñas, the publisher and author do not represent nor claim ownership over them. This material will be reproduced for educational purposes and can be modified for the purpose of translation into another language provided that the source must be clearly acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original works are acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |2 INFORMATION SHEET MT-6.1.2 “Leadership Basics” Leadership Basics What is Leadership? Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the behavior and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. Leadership is the potential to influence behavior of others. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group towards the realization of a goal. Leaders are required to develop future visions, and to motivate the organizational members to want to achieve the visions. According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals.” Characteristics of Leadership It is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers towards attainment of goals. It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person who includes intelligence, maturity and personality. It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with each other. A leader is involved in shaping and molding the behavior of the group towards accomplishment of organizational goals. Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of leadership. It all depends upon tackling with the situations A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadership styles proposed by various authors, that can be exhibited by leaders in the political, business or other fields 12 Different Types of Leadership Styles SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |3 Some leaders cannot work comfortably with a high degree of followers’ participation in decision making. Some employers lack the ability or the desire to assume responsibility. Furthermore, the specific situation helps determine the most effective style of interactions. Sometimes leaders must handle problems that require immediate solutions without consulting followers. What are Different Leadership Styles? We have covered 12 different types of ways people tend to lead organizations or other people. Not all of these styles would deem fit for all kind of situations, you can read them through to see which one fits right to your company or situation. 1. Autocratic Leadership Autocratic leadership style is centered on the boss. In this leadership the leader holds all authority and responsibility. In this leadership, leaders make decisions on their own without consulting subordinates. They reach decisions, communicate them to subordinates and expect prompt implementation. Autocratic work environment does normally have little or no flexibility. In this kind of leadership, guidelines, procedures and policies are all natural additions of an autocratic leader. Statistically, there are very few situations that can actually support autocratic leadership. 2. Democratic Leadership In this leadership style, subordinates are involved in making decisions. Unlike autocratic, this headship is centered on subordinates’ contributions. The democratic leader holds final responsibility, but he or she is known to delegate authority to other people, who determine work projects. The most unique feature of this leadership is that communication is active upward and downward. With respect to statistics, democratic leadership is one of the most preferred SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |4 leadership, and it entails the following: fairness, competence, creativity, courage, intelligence and honesty. 3. Strategic Leadership Style Strategic leadership is one that involves a leader who is essentially the head of an organization. The strategic leader is not limited to those at the top of the organization. It is geared to a wider audience at all levels who want to create a high performance life, team or organization. The strategic leader fills the gap between the need for new possibility and the need for practicality by providing a prescriptive set of habits. An effective strategic leadership delivers the goods in terms of what an organization naturally expects from its leadership in times of change. 55% of this leadership normally involves strategic thinking. 4. Transformational Leadership Unlike other leadership styles, transformational leadership is all about initiating change in organizations, groups, oneself and others. Transformational leaders motivate others to do more than they originally intended and often even more than they thought possible. They set more challenging expectations and typically achieve higher performance. Statistically, transformational leadership tends to have more committed and satisfied followers. This is mainly so because transformational leaders empower followers. 5. Team Leadership Team leadership involves the creation of a vivid picture of its future, where it is heading and what it will stand for. The vision inspires and provides a strong sense of purpose and direction. Team leadership is about working with the hearts and minds of all those involved. It also recognizes that teamwork may not always involve trusting cooperative relationships. The most challenging aspect of this leadership is whether or not it will succeed. According to Harvard Business Review, team leadership may fail because of poor leadership qualities. SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |5 6. Cross-Cultural Leadership This form of leadership normally exists where there are various cultures in the society. This leadership has also industrialized as a way to recognize front runners who work in the contemporary globalized market. Organizations, particularly international ones require leaders who can effectively adjust their leadership to work in different environs. Most of the leaderships observed in the United States are cross-cultural because of the different cultures that live and work there. 7. Facilitative Leadership Facilitative leadership is too dependent on measurements and outcomes – not a skill, although it takes much skill to master. The effectiveness of a group is directly related to the efficacy of its process. If the group is high functioning, the facilitative leader uses a light hand on the process. On the other hand, if the group is low functioning, the facilitative leader will be more directives in helping the group run its process. An effective facilitative leadership involves monitoring of group dynamics, offering process suggestions and interventions to help the group stay on track. 8. Laissez-faire Leadership Laissez-faire leadership gives authority to employees. According to a central, departments or subordinates are allowed to work as they choose with minimal or no interference. According to research, this kind of leadership has been consistently found to be the least satisfying and least effective management style. 9. Transactional Leadership This is a leadership that maintains or continues the status quo. It is also the leadership that involves an exchange process, whereby followers get immediate, tangible rewards for carrying out the leader’s orders. Transactional leadership can sound rather basic, with its focus on exchange. SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |6 Being clear, focusing on expectations, giving feedback are all important leadership skills. Transactional leadership behaviors can include: clarifying what is expected of followers’ performance; explaining how to meet such expectations; and allocating rewards that are contingent on meeting objectives. 10. Coaching Leadership Coaching leadership involves teaching and supervising followers. A coaching leader is highly operational in setting where results/ performance require improvement. Basically, in this kind of leadership, followers are helped to improve their skills. Coaching leadership does the following: motivates followers, inspires followers and encourages followers. 11. Charismatic Leadership In this leadership, the charismatic leader manifests his or her revolutionary power. Charisma does not mean sheer behavioral change. It actually involves a transformation of followers’ values and beliefs. Therefore, this distinguishes a charismatic leader from a simply populist leader who may affect attitudes towards specific objects, but who is not prepared as the charismatic leader is, to transform the underlying normative orientation that structures specific attitudes. 12. Visionary Leadership This form of leadership involves leaders who recognize that the methods, steps and processes of leadership are all obtained with and through people. Most great and successful leaders have the aspects of vision in them. However, those who are highly visionary are the ones considered to be exhibiting visionary leadership. Outstanding leaders will always transform their visions into realities. Importance of Leadership Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals. The following points justify the importance of leadership in a concern. SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |7 Initiates action - Leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the policies and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts. Motivation - A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in the concern’s working. He motivates the employees with economic and non-economic rewards and thereby gets the work from the subordinates. Providing guidance - A leader has to not only supervise but also play a guiding role for the subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently. Creating confidence - Confidence is an important factor which can be achieved through expressing the work efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the employees with regards to their complaints and problems. Building morale - Morale denotes willing co-operation of the employees towards their work and getting them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader can be a morale booster by achieving full co- operation so that they perform with best of their abilities as they work to achieve goals. Builds work environment- Management is getting things done from people. An efficient work environment helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations should be kept into mind by a leader. He should have personal contacts with employees and should listen to their problems and solve them. He should treat employees on humanitarian terms. Co-ordination - Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling personal interests with organizational goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and effective co-ordination which should be primary motive of a leader. Role of a Leader Following are the main roles of a leader in an organization: Required at all levels - Leadership is a function which is important at all levels of management. In the top level, it is important for getting co-operation in formulation of plans and policies. In the middle and lower level, it is required for interpretation and execution of plans and programs framed by the top management. Leadership can be exercised through guidance and counseling of the subordinates at the time of execution of plans. Representative of the organization - A leader, i.e., a manager is said to be the representative of the enterprise. He has to represent the concern at seminars, conferences, general meetings, etc. His role is to communicate the rationale of the enterprise to outside public. He is also representative of the own department which he leads. SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |8 Integrates and reconciles the personal goals with organizational goals - A leader through leadership traits helps in reconciling/ integrating the personal goals of the employees with the organizational goals. He is trying to co-ordinate the efforts of people towards a common purpose and thereby achieves objectives. This can be done only if he can influence and get willing co-operation and urge to accomplish the objectives. He solicits support - A leader is a manager and besides that he is a person who entertains and invites support and co-operation of subordinates. This he can do by his personality, intelligence, maturity and experience which can provide him positive result. In this regard, a leader has to invite suggestions and if possible implement them into plans and programs of enterprise. This way, he can solicit full support of employees which results in willingness to work and thereby effectiveness in running of a concern. As a friend, philosopher and guide - A leader must possess the three dimensional traits in him. He can be a friend by sharing the feelings, opinions and desires with the employees. He can be a philosopher by utilizing his intelligence and experience and thereby guiding the employees as and when time requires. He can be a guide by supervising and communicating the employees the plans and policies of top management and secure their co-operation to achieve the goals of a concern. At times he can also play the role of a counselor by counseling and a problem-solving approach. He can listen to the problems of the employees and try to solve them. Qualities of a Leader A leader has got multidimensional traits in him who makes him appealing and effective in behavior. The following are the requisites to be present in a good leader: Physical appearance - A leader must have a pleasing appearance. Physique and health are very important for a good leader. Vision and foresight - A leader cannot maintain influence unless he exhibits that he is forward looking. He has to visualize situations and thereby has to frame logical programs. Intelligence - A leader should be intelligent enough to examine problems and difficult situations. He should be analytical who weighs pros and cons and then summarizes the situation. Therefore, a positive bent of mind and mature outlook is very important. Communicative skills - A leader must be able to communicate the policies and procedures clearly, precisely and effectively. This can be helpful in persuasion and stimulation. Objective - A leader has to be having a fair outlook which is free from bias and which does not reflects his willingness towards a particular individual. He should develop his own opinion and should base his judgment on facts and logic. SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director  Unit National Service Training Program Module Basic Leadership NSTP-CWTS 1 Civic Welfare Training Program Units: 3.0 Page |9 Knowledge of work - A leader should be very precisely knowing the nature of work of his subordinates because it is then he can win the trust and confidence of his subordinates. Sense of responsibility - Responsibility and accountability towards an individual’s work is very important to bring a sense of influence. A leader must have a sense of responsibility towards organizational goals because only then he can get maximum of capabilities exploited in a real sense. For this, he has to motivate himself and arouse and urge to give best of his abilities. Only then he can motivate the subordinates to the best. Self-confidence and will-power - Confidence in him is important to earn the confidence of the subordinates. He should be trustworthy and should handle the situations with full will power. (You can read more about Self-Confidence at: Self Confidence - Tips to be Confident and Eliminate Your Apprehensions). Humanist - This trait to be present in a leader is essential because he deals with human beings and is in personal contact with them. He has to handle the personal problems of his subordinates with great care and attention. Therefore, treating the human beings on humanitarian grounds is essential for building a congenial environment. Empathy - It is an old adage “Stepping into the shoes of others”. This is very important because fair judgment and objectivity comes only then. A leader should understand the problems and complaints of employees and should also have a complete view of the needs and aspirations of the employees. This helps in improving human relations and personal contacts with the employees. From the above qualities present in a leader, one can understand the scope of leadership and it’s importance for scope of business. A leader cannot have all traits at one time. But a few of them helps in achieving effective results. REFERENCES:  National Service Training Program – Book 1. Jimezyville Publications  https://www.managementstudyguide.com/leadership-ethics.htm SUBJECT TEACHER: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 1st – 3rd MODUL MR. GEROME E. DACER MIDTERM Meetin E Subject Teacher MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA g 6 School Director