Greek Civilization (469-399 B.C.) PDF

Greek Civilization (469 – 399 B.C.) Known Proponents Socrates “Socratic Method” – uses dialectic reasoning to develop critical thinking – question-and-answer process – gives back a question instead of an answer – might look like intimidating “I cannot teach anybody anything. I...

Greek Civilization (469 – 399 B.C.) Known Proponents Socrates “Socratic Method” – uses dialectic reasoning to develop critical thinking – question-and-answer process – gives back a question instead of an answer – might look like intimidating “I cannot teach anybody anything. I can only make them think.” Plato Disciple of Socrates “Platonic Academy” – considered as the very first university in the world – “the world of forms” = ideal – ideal is guide – if it’s very impossible, we don’t have enough “forms” “Ideas are the source of all things.” Aristotle Student of Plato Studied at Platonic Academy for 20 years Denied Plato – “get real” Father of Biology – systematic approach in classifying animals and plants “The more you know, the more you know you don't know.” Thales of Miletus First prominent Greek mathematician Contributed “observation” to the scientfic method – predicted weather and solar eclipse – timings of the solstices and equinoxes – discovery of the position of the constellation Ursa Major – Earthquakes because Earth floats in water “Time is the wisest of all things that are; for it brings everything to light.” Democritus “laughing philosopher” Ancient atomist theorists All matter is consist of tiny and indivisible particles called “atomos” or “atomon” “Happiness resides not in possessions, and not in gold, happiness dwells in the soul.” Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” – wrote books containing detailed observations and scientific explanation of diseases Hippocratic Oath – a sworn agreement made by physicians when they become doctors “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” Claudius Galen A physician to Roman gladiators Despite his learnings of anatomy was limited, he had made many notheworthy medical text – Arteries carry the blood – Although, he did not discover the circulation “That which is, grows, while that which is not, becomes.” Archimedes “the father of experimental science” Archimedes' Principle of Buoyancy The Archimedes' Screw (a device for raising water that is still used in crop irrigation and sewage treatment plants today) “Give me a place to stand, and a lever long enough, and I will move the world.” Ptolemy Geocentric View “The Almagest” – catalogue of stars – positions and constellations Discovers mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror “Mortal as I am, I know that I am born for a day.”