The Indigenous Cultural Communities of Palawan PDF

CHAPTER III The Indigenous Cultural Communities of Palawan Jackielyn S. Abela INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Compare and contrast the different indigenous cultural communities in Palawan in terms of their place of settlement, ancestry, subsistence, and culture. 2. Identify the...

CHAPTER III The Indigenous Cultural Communities of Palawan Jackielyn S. Abela INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Compare and contrast the different indigenous cultural communities in Palawan in terms of their place of settlement, ancestry, subsistence, and culture. 2. Identify the current challenges faced by the different indigenous cultural communities in Palawan. 3. Propose possible solutions to the challenges faced by the different indigenous cultural communities in Palawan. 4. Recommend ways to preserve the cultural heritage of the indigenous cultural communities of Palawan.  INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO) ASSESSMENT TASKS (AT) 1. Compare and contrast the different Chapter Test. Multiple choice type of indigenous cultural communities in test about the place of settlement, Palawan in terms of their place of ancestry, subsistence, and culture of settlement, ancestry, subsistence, and ICCs in Palawan. The students will culture. also complete the PICC Matrix.(ILO 2. Identify the current challenges faced by 1) the different indigenous cultural Problem-Solution Concept Map communities in Palawan. (Group Presentation). The teacher 3. Propose possible solutions to the will give the students time to challenges faced by the different indigenous cultural communities in compose and present their output. Palawan. (ILO 2, 3) 4. Recommend ways to preserve the cultural Journal Writing. Exit activity to heritage of the indigenous cultural reflect and suggest on ways to communities of Palawan. preserve the culture of ICCs. (ILO 4)  TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS DEFINITION FROM THE IPRA LAW The Indigenous Cultural Communities of Palawan  IPRA Law – 8 ICCs (Agutaynen, Tagbanua, What are the Cagayanen, Batak, Cuyunon, Pala’wan, ICCs? Molbog, Badjao?) UNESCO – 57 ethnolinguistic groups, 3 ICCs (Tagbanua, Batak, Pala’wan)  KEY CONCEPTS Ethnolinguistic – a group of people that share a language, common ethnicity, and cultural heritage. Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bicolano, Kapampangan, Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug Tribe – Latin word and originally related to the division of Roman voters into three factions. It has been used throughout history by European colonists to describe the Indigenous people who inhabited the lands they colonized. The word ‘tribal’ was often used synonymously with ‘savage’ or ‘primitive’. It is considered by many to be an offensive term, particularly to African and Native American (First Nations) people. The term "tribe" has no consistent meaning. It carries misleading historical and cultural assumptions.  KEY CONCEPTS Ethnocentrism – the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one’s own culture. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own race, ethnic or cultural group is the most important or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. Cultural relativism – the view that ethical and social standards reflect the cultural context from which they are derived. Cultural appropriation vs. Cultural Appreciation  KEY CONCEPTS There’s a thin line between cultural appreciation and cultural appropriation. – Cultural appropriation is the unacknowledged or inappropriate adoption of the customs, practices, ideas, etc. of one people or society by members of another and typically more dominant people or society. – Cultural appreciation to learn, listen, understand, and honor a culture without benefit to yourself. THE INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES OF PALAWAN The Batak, Pala’wan (Palawanin or Palawano), Tagbanua (Tagbanuwa or Tagbanwa), and Tau't Batu  KEY CONCEPTS Our ancestors have largely abided by this philosophy of interconnections and causality: – Understanding and navigating the world by associating meanings with interrelationships, such as those found between the earth and the skies. – They identified place locators, developed seasonal calendars, and mediated between the human and spirit realms by perceiving the world and interpreting signs from celestial bodies, flora, and fauna to guide them through several facets of their daily activities. THE TAGBANUA  The Tagbanua They are known as original inhabitants of Palawan Islands They are considered the descendants of the Tabon Man Fox, 1982. Eder, 2013. Dressler, 2005  The Tagbanua communities are in Palawan Island (main The Tagbanua island) and Calamian Group of Islands There are three main groups of Tagbanua communities: The Calamian, Central, and Tandulanen. Apurahuan Inagauan Tandula’nen Silanga’nen The Tagbanua The Tagbanua Central are in the areas of Puerto Princesa, Aborlan, Narra, and Quezon. The Tagbanua Tandulanen are in the areas of Taytay and mainland El Nido. The Tagbanua Calamian are found in Baras Coast, Busuanga Island, Coron Island, and El Nido islands. The Tagbanua Social Organization - Hegemony of the Sultanates 1473-1521 AD - Golden age rule of Nakhoda Ragam Sultan Bulkeiah, Sultanate of Brunei that expanded her domination to include North Borneo, Sarawak, Indonesia Balabac, Banggi, and Palawan in Archipelago San Lazaro and the new Royal Sultanate of Sulu. The Tagbanua Social Organization - Independent fiefdoms Local Chiefs | Masicampo Compact communities of less than 100 individuals | They practice monogamy and nuclear family is the core unit of their social organization The Tagbanua The main subsistence of the Tagbanuas is slash-and-burn/swidden agriculture.  “Almost all of them cultivate their fields.” “Rice is cooked there under the fire in bamboos or in Subsistence wood; and it lasts better than that cooked in - Swidden earthen pots.” Agriculture Ginger, root crops, figs, - Hunting and bananas of great size, Gathering sugarcane, turnips. “They have distilled rice wine which is stronger and better than that made from the palm.”  Baybayin was widely used by The Tagbanua Writing coastal groups in the islands System since the 16th century, often written on palm leaves with cuttlefish ink or inscribed on bamboos using a sharp pointed piece of iron. Though the Roman alphabet eventually replaced baybayin upon the institutionalization of Christianity, it was retained in the remote interiors of the islands, particularly in Mindoro and Palawan.  Writing Systems in the Philippines ◦ Kulitan of Kapampangan ◦ Haninu’o of Hanunuo Mangyan ◦ Buhid of Buhid Mangyan ◦ Tagbanwa of Palawan ◦ Jawi of Sulu ◦ Kurdita of Ilocano ◦ Baybayin of Tagalog ◦ Basahan of Bicol ◦ Badlit of Visaya ◦ Kirim of Maguindanao The Tagbanua Writing System When Tagbanua farm workers were taken to Brooke's Point before World War II, it is believed that they introduced the writing to the Pala'wan (Palawanin or Palawano). The script is thus assumed to be preserved among the Tagbanua of central Palawan and the Pala'wan of the south.  Local Datu have scribes writing in leaves using Pisaw with 3 vowels and 13 consonants. Writing Tagbanwa | Apurahuano System Present - Surat et Tagbanua, Surat, Suyat Pre-war – Communication, Suffrage, Private ownership Tagbanwa Script on our Material Culture Kroeber, 1919 Surat/Suyat Preservation is sporadic Secondary Burials Inscriptions on Wood Tagbanwa Script on our Material Culture Syllabic Alphabet, stylized (Gardner, 1869) 3 vowels 13 consonants (“a”) Kudlit (vowel change) vertical columns Photo: National Museum of the bottom to top, left to right Philippines left to right in horizontal lines  Tagbanwa Script on our Material Culture Materials Leaves available in their Bamboo environment Pisaw Tagbanwa Script on our Material Culture Pala’wan Ibalnan Ulit Communication Public Documents Political Affairs Property Contemporary Usage Tajolosa, T. 2006. Tagbanua Language in Irawan in the Midst of Globalization Contemporary Usage Abela, J. 2018. Monograph of the Tagbanwa in Sitio Buong Championing Heritage Palawan State University Tagbanwa Script Project, aided by Dr. Jesus Peralta, Jr. at the Philippine National Museum  Sacristan, 2016. Katanggapan ng Championing Heritage Baybaying PUP sa mga Guro sa San Jose at Cagdianao, Dinagat Islands Taong-Aralan 2015-2016. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Atlas of Endangered Alphabets TOURISM Community-based Sustainable Tourism TOURISM Life-seeing experience  “The king made peace with us by gashing himself slightly in the breast with one of our knives, and upon bleeding, touching the tip of his tongue and his forehead in token of the truest peace, and we did the same.” Culture - Blood Compact Culture -Cockfighting “They have large and very tame cocks, which they do not eat because of a certain veneration that they have for them. Sometimes they make them fight with one another, and each one puts up a certain amount on his cock, and the prize goes to him whose cock is the victor.” Culture The Tagbanua invoke Diwata kat Amyan to end the wet period - Rituals and bring the amyan (hot and dry northeast wind), enabling them to burn clearings. The northeast wind is also feared for bringing the salakap (spirits of epidemic diseases) to Earth. During bountiful harvests, gratitude is offered to the deity Mangindusa through a pagdiwata ritual. Culture Tagbanua script has also been used in the Tagbanua rituals, - Rituals particularly the planting and harvest ritual for rains or sun called lambay it init bau uran. Also in pagbuyis, a ritual seeking the protection of communities from epidemics. Its presence in these rituals provide contrary evidence to a 1949 research by American anthropologist Harold C. Conklin stating that the writing has no religious or magical connection or uses among the Tagbanua.  Arrival of colonizers/modernity – Challenges decrease in social, economic, political power of ICCs Socio-economic inequities – discrimination; education opportunities; equal employment; health disparities; FPIC Environmental challenges – expansion of large-scale development projects; degradation of ancestral domain and their resources; wildlife trade DOJ probes alleged destruction of Tagbanua burial ground in Napsan Activity/Assessment ◦Unit Test ◦TikTok Photo Walk Voice Over ◦Highlight Encouragement for the Cultural Appreciation while negating Cultural Appropriation References ◦ “Baybayin” (incorrectly known as “Alibata”) Posted: February 19, 2012 in History, Information Technology in Tourismhttps://vejlm4.wordpress.com/2012/02/19/baybayin-incorrectly-known-as-alibata/ ◦ Central Tagbanwa: A Philippine language on the brink of extinction: sociolinguistics, grammar, and lexicon. RA Scebold - 2003 - Linguistic Society of the Philippines ◦ NOUN PHRASE MARKERS IN ABORLAN TAGBANWA. Hussey, Jean.Pacific Linguistics. Series A. Occasional Papers; Canberra Vol. 0, Iss. 8, (Jan 1, 1966): 33. ◦ Walking on two feet: Tagbanwa adaptation to Philippine society. K Warner - 1979 - scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu ◦ https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/travel/coron-palawan-philippines-celebrate-asia-11984864 ◦ Miller, Christopher (2014). "A survey of indigenous scripts of Indonesia and the Philippines ◦ https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2018/8/22/ancient-Filipino-scripts-surat-Baybayin.html ◦ https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/reconnecting-filipino-roots-baybayin