GE 102: Readings in the Philippine History - Cory Aquino Speech PDF

GE 102: Readings in the Philippines History Topic: Corry Aquino Speech MARIA CORAZON COJUANGCO AQUINO, Constitution. It was attended by radical POPULARITY KNOWN AS “CORY youth groups such as Kabataang AQUINO” (1933-2009)...

GE 102: Readings in the Philippines History Topic: Corry Aquino Speech MARIA CORAZON COJUANGCO AQUINO, Constitution. It was attended by radical POPULARITY KNOWN AS “CORY youth groups such as Kabataang AQUINO” (1933-2009) Makabayan and Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan (SDK). JANUARY 25, 1933 IN TARLAC PROVINCE, January 30, 1970 GRADUATED FROM MOUNT ST. "Battle of Mendiola" VINCENT COLLEGE IN NEW YORK CITY Manila A faculty-student protest BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN FRENCH AND organized by the administration of the MATHEMATICS. University of the Philippines and the Philippine College of Commerce (now WIDOW OF SEN BENIGNO AQUINO- Polytechnic University of the Philippines) PROMINENT OPPOSITIONIST OF to condemn the violent dispersal of FERDINAND MARCOS students during the SONA. Violence broke SERVED AS THE ELEVENTH PRESIDENT out from the protest in front of the OF THE PHILIPPINES (1986 1992) Malacañang Palace, resulting in the death DIAGNOSED WITH COLON CANCER. of 4 students. AND PASSED AWAY ON AUGUST 1, 2009 February 1-9, 1971 January 26, 1970 Diliman Commune, UP Diliman, Quezon State of the Nation Address of President City Marcos, Joint Session of Congress at A student protested in solidarity with the Manila-Rizal A student protest was jeepney drivers who staged a strike organized by Edgar Jopson of Ateneo de because of the oil price hike. This was Manila University representing the seen by UP students as an opportunity to National Union of Students of the protest the worsening political and Philippines (NUSP). The objective of the economic conditions of the country. protest was to urge the government for a During the commune, UP Diliman campus nonpartisan Constitutional Convention was barricaded by student activists for 9 that would replace the existing 1935 days against the Philippine Constabulary ARTICLE VII.- EXECUTIVE who had orders to pacify the event. DEPARTMENT August 21, 1971 Section no. 11 Plaza Miranda Bombing, Manila (2) The President shall be commander- in-chief of all armed forces of the The political rally of the Liberal Party's Philippines and, whenever it becomes senatorial candidates for the 1971 necessary, he may call out such armed senatorial elections. Marcos held the forces to prevent or suppress lawless Communist Party of the Philippines violence, invasion, insurrection, or accountable for the bombing. The public, rebellion, or imminent danger thereof, however, saw President Marcos as the when the public safety requires it, he may instigator for the incident. Eventually, suspend the privileges of the writ of conflicting sources would reveal that the habeas corpus, or place the Philippines or Communists were behind the bombing any part thereof under martial law. incident. September 21, 1972 Suspension of the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus Declaration of Martial Law President Marcos immediately suspended With the justification of the apparent the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus lawless in the country as evidenced by to speed up locating culprits of the the protest, President Marcos declared bombing incident. Martial Law. - September 1986- the speech happened in front of the United States Congress What happens if you suspend the writ of - Penned by her speechwriter, habeas corpus? Teddy Locsin, Jr., Aquino defended During the suspension of the privilege of her reconciliatory stand on the the writ of habeas corpus, any person communist insurgency thus arrested or detained shall be - interrupted 11 times by applause judicially charged within three days, and bookended with standing otherwise he shall be released. ovations  - House Speaker Tip O'Neill called how the “country” survived the outgoing it the "finest speech I've ever President heard in my 34 years in Congress” She obviously wanted financial help from the Americans SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DOCUMENT CONTENT OF THE SPEECH Cemented the legitimacy of the EDSA government in the international arena Acknowledged the speaker, Senator Thurmond, and the distinguished member Allows the Filipino to people to know of congress. and to not forget the harsh reality during the dictatorship of Marcos She reiterated her grief when she left America to bury her husband three years Women empowerment before her presidency Countless references to her husband and his struggles - The word “pleasing lost” She also elaborated how painful it was sacrificed” referring to the death for her and her children to lose Ninoy 3 of her husband times before his death and permanently - Two million people Candidate lose the foundation of their home Party Corazon Aquino UNIDO Ferd She mentioned the current situation of Nearly two million people the country after Marcos’ administration: participated in the EDSA People Power Revolution in 1986, a 1. Oppressed situation for over more peaceful protest in the Philippines than one decade that led to the overthrow of 2. Growing of insurgency President Ferdinand Marcos 3. $26 billion in total foreign debt dictatorial regime Painful experience under Marcos’s administration Ninoy Aquino and her family was responsible for restoring democracy and  GE 102 : Readingss in the Philippine History Topic: Kartilla ng Katipunan He was the only son of a man named The Katipunan was born Mariano Jacinto and a woman named Josefa Dizon. - As the propaganda movement failed,. to fully incorporate the He could fluently speak both Spanish Philippines into Spain. As one of and Tagalog, the language of the the provinces and not as a Philippine people COLONY Propaganda Movement. Emilio attended the San Juan de Latran The members agreed to recruit more - College when he first embarked on his people using the “triangle system” of college career. However, he later enlistment. Each original member would attended the University of San Tomas in recruit two new members who were not order to study law. Emilio left college related to each other. Each new member before completing his law degree would do the same thing, and so on down the line At the age of 18 he joined katipunan, a secret revolutionary society. The Kataas-taasan, Kagalanggalangan Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) He became the secretary, directly or Katipunan is arguably the most reporting to the leader of the Katipunan. important organization formed in the Also known as the “utak ng Philippine history katipunan”. The envisioned of Katipunan, to unite Wrote the society’s newspaper called Filipino nation that would revolt against Kalayaan. the Spaniards for the total independence of the Philippine country from Spain He was also placed in charge of writing the guidebook for new members and Background of the Author current members of the Katipunan, which Emilio Jacinto was called Kartilya ng Katipunan. He was born in 1875 on the 15th of Emilio Jacinto died on April 16, 1899 December. at the age of 24. The cause of his death at such a young age was malaria. Historical background document 5.Advocate for Good Governance 6.Practice Responsible Social Media Use It was Andres Bonifacio who first 7.Celebrate Filipino Achievements formulated a code of conduct and to whom the Dekalogo ng Katipunan was Cartilla attributed. - is a Spanish word that refers to a small Upon reading the Kartilya drafted by book/ handbook used by Spanish people. Jacinto, Bonifacio decided that it was The Kartilya ng Katipunan superior to his Dekalogo, and adopted it is a document that served as a guidebook as the official primer of the Katipunan. for the Katipunan, a Philippine The Dekalogo revolutionary society aiming for written by Andres Bonifacio had only ten independence from Spanish rule in the points and dealt primarily with one’s late 19th century. Consequently, it duties to God, country, family, neighbor, outlined the moral values and principles the Katipunan and himself. It spoke of that Katipunan members were expected honor, charity and self-sacrifice but to follow, including: warned the traitor and disobedient. Love for the Philippines The Kartilya ng Katipunan Compassion for others The Katipunan was built around the Honesty teachings of Jose Rizal Discipline promotion of education, good values Unity and creating better citizenship Moreover, Kartilya played a significant 1.Respecting others role in shaping the ideals of the Philippine 2.Participate in Local Community Revolution and influenced the drafting of Activities: the Malolos Constitution, the country’s first constitution. Today, it remains a 3.Protect the Environment historical symbol of the Philippines’ 4.Promote Filipino Tourism struggle for independence and the importance of these values in building a just and strong nation.  GE 102: Readings in the Philippine History Topic: The Proclamation of Independence Important People to remember Marcela de Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, Delfin Herbosa de Natividad Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy -sewn the first Philippine flag in Hong - Aguinaldo was of Chinese and Tagalog Kong parentage. In August 1896 he was mayor of Cavite Viejo (present-day Kawit;) and The Proclamation of Philippine was the local leader of the Katipunan, a Independence revolutionary society that fought bitterly Every year, the country commemorates and successfully against the Spanish the anniversary of the Philippine Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista Independence proclaimed on 12 June 1898, in the province of Cavite. This - also known as Don Bosyong , was a signaled the end of the 333 years of lawyer and he prepared and wrote the Spanish colonization The Act of the Declaration of Independence. A distant relative of the Historical Background Rizal family. ◆ It is a short 2,000-word document. 18 Julian Felipe pages - composed the National Anthem of the ◆ Writers/ Authors: (in Spanish) Philippines Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista and Emilio Aguinaldo - Marcha Nacional Filipina which is now known as Lupang Hinirang ◆ Translator to English Sulpicio Guevara ◆ The Philippine National Library now Jose Palma houses the Proclamation. It is not - the lyrics to the anthem were sourced a available for public viewing, but it can be year after from his poem entitled seen with authorization “Filipinas” Mabini, who had by now been made What was the kind of government that Aguinaldo’s unofficial adviser, objected. the revolutionaries envisioned for the He based his objection on the fact that it Filipinos after Spain? was more important to reorganize the - Dictatorship of Emilio Aguinaldo government in such a manner as to convince the foreign powers of the THE PHILIPPINE FLAG competence and stability of the new - Emilio Aguinaldo himself designed government than to proclaim Philippine the Philippine flag. independence at such an early period. - Aguinaldo then visited Marcela What are the justifications/reasons why Agoncillo in her Hong Kong home independence must be declared at that and asked her to make the flag. time? With the help of her daughter Lorenza and Jose Rizal’s niece Filipinos must be free from Spanish rule Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, after 333 years and to build and establish Agoncillo hand-sewed the an autonomous government The Philippine flag which took 5 days injustices and unfair treatment to the to complete. The stars, sun and Filipino the triangle were made with fine A. The execution of GOMBURZA satin - Another detail in the proclamation B. Failed Cavite Mutiny of 1872 is the explanation on the C. Rizal's legacy and martyrdom Philippine flag that was first waved As noted by the historian Teodoro on the same day Agoncillo. There is no Philippine history - A. The white triangle represents before 1872. Filipinos started charting the distinctive emblem of the the course of their own history from the famous Katipunan Society, which execution of Gomburza, and that before by means of its compact of blood 1872, what passed for Philippine history urged on the masses of the people was nothing but the history of Spain in to insurrection; the Philippines. - B. The three stars represent three principal Islands of Archipelago, Luzon, Mindanao and Panay, in - C. The sun represents the gigantic strides that have been made by the sons of this land on the road of progress and civilization, its eight rays symbolizing the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas, which was declared under state of war almost as soon the first insurrectionary movement was initiated. - D. The colors blue, red and white, commemorate those of the flag of the United States of North America in manifestation of our profound gratitude towards that Great Nation for the disinterested protection she is rendering to us and will continue to extend to us. - The white triangle in the Philippines' national symbol, the flag, is derived from the Katipunan symbol, while the red and blue colors symbolize courage and peace, often overlooked in basic education. The symbolic meaning of something can change and be reinterpreted - The symbolic meaning of something provides historical truths that explain the events following the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898  Ge 102: Readings in the Philippine History Topic: The First mass Why are we even celebrating the foundation of Christianity when it resulted to colonialism? - The fifth centenary celebration of Catholicism in the Philippines is not just a Church celebration but also a reflection of the nation's identity and acceptance of Christianity, as it is an integral part of Philippine history and culture. March 31, 1521 - First Mass in the Philippines happened on Easter Sunday. This mass was celebrated by Father Pedro de Valderrama of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition along the shores of an island in the Philippines together with the locals with Rajah Kolambu and Raja Siagu TEAM MASAO This was the popular and more traditional claim prior to the 1960s, including the colonial priests by virtue of a found map in 1534 called Velarde Map. The Murillo Velarde’s map of the Philippine archipelago Masao is in Butuan City, the capital of the Caraga Region. To be exact, the beach is in Barangay Masao the place where its name came from. It well- known for its historical significance not only for the city but also for the entire Philippines. How is this a Primary Source? - Pedro Murillo Velarde, born in 1696, was a prominent Jesuit priest, professor, and rector of the University of Manila, Antipolo, and visited the Mindanao missions. Magellan's troops visited Butuan, Limasawa, and Cebu, marking the site of the first mass in the Philippines in 1872. In 1976, Balangay remains were discovered in an area believed to be used by the Rajahs. Team Limasawa - Francisco Albo, a pilot on Magellan's Trinidad, survived the circumnavigation and returned with Sebastian Elcano on Victoria. Antonio Pigafetta, a part of Magellan's expedition, witnessed the first Mass in Mazaua, 25 leagues away from Homonhon, which occurred on March 31, 1521. - Pigafetta's account indicates they stayed in Mazaua until August 4, 1521, before heading to Cebu with Rajah Colambu. Francisco Albo's account mentions planting a cross on a mountain overlooking three islands. - Jesuit priest Miguel A. Bernad argues that the Pigafetta account overlooks Butuan's crucial river, a riverside town on the Agusan River, a feature of Butuan's geography that was essential to overlook. - The 500 Years of Christianity in the Philippines (500 YOC) is a 2021-2020 commemoration of the Philippines' introduction of Christianity in 1521 during the Magellan expedition. -  GE 102: Readings in the Philippine Topic: Cavite Mutinity Mutiny - A rebellion against authority - Comes from an old verb, “Mutine which means” Revolt” CAVITE MUTINY - On January 20, 1872, 200 soldiers and laborers gathered at Fort San Felipe in Cavite, Philippines, hoping for a national uprising. However, the mutiny failed and many were executed. The Martydom of the three priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora GOMBURZA - They were prominent Filipino priests charged with treason and sedition. - The Spanish clergy connected the priests to the mutiny as part of a conspiracy to stifle the movement of secular priests who desired to have their own parishes instead of being assistants to the regular friars. FATHER MARIANO GOMEZ An old man in his mid-'70, Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite. He held the most senior position of the three as Archbishop's Vicar in Cavite. He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as though it were his penance for being pro-Filipinos. FATHER JOSE BURGOS Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had been known to be close to the liberal Governor General de la Torre. He was 35 years old at th time and was active and outspoken in advocating the Filipinization of the clergy. Father Jacinto Zamora - 37 years old, was Spanish born in the Philippines - He was the parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any arrogance or authorities behaviors from Spaniards coming from Spain Spanish Accounts of Cavite Mutiny Jose Montero Y Vidal - Spanish historian - His account centered on how the event was an attempt in overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines. - His account on mutiny was criticized as woefully biased. Governor Rafael Izquidor - Implicated the native clegery, who were active in the movement toward secularization of parishes. - In a biased report, he highlight the attempt to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines to install a new “hari” in the persons of Father Burgos and Zamora. ACCORDING TO IZQUIERDO, native clergy attracted supporters by giving them charismatic assurance that their fight would not fail because they had God's support, aside from promises of lofty rewards such as employment, wealth, and ranks in the army. Spanish Account - IN THE SPANIARD'S ACCOUNTS, 1872 WAS PREMEDITATED, A PART OF A BIG CONSPIRACY AMONG EDUCATED LEADERS, MESTIZOS, LAWYERS AND RESIDENTS OF MANILA AND CAVITE. THEY ALLEGEDLY PLAN TO LIQUIDATE HIGH-RANKING SPANISH OFFICERS THEN KILL FRIARS. - THE ACCOUNTS DETAIL THAT ON JANUARY 20,1872 THE DISTRICT OF SAMPALOC CELEBRATED THE FEAST OF THE VIRGIN LORETO, CAME WITH IT WERE SOME FIREWORKS DISPLAY. THE CAVITEÑOS MISTOOK THIS AS THE SIGNAL TO COMMENCE WITH THE ATTACK. - 200 men was led by Sergeant Lamadrid attacked Spanish officers at sight and seized the arsenal.  - Izquierdo, upon learning the attack, ordered reinforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt. The revolution was easily crushed, when Manileños who were expected to aid the Caviteños did not arrive. Cavite Mutiny - It only lasted for 2 days due tot the strong power of Spain over us. - Imprisonment, execution, or expulsion from the country for those involved - Execution of the 3 priests by garrote OTHERS WHO WERE IMPLICATED SUCH AS JOAQUIN PARDO DE TAVERA ΑΝΤΟΝΙΟ ΜΑ. REGIDOR JOSE BASA PIO BASA AND OTHER FILIPINO LAWYERS WERE SUSPENDED FROM THE PRACTICE OF LAW, ARRESTED, AND SENTENCED February 17, 1872 The GOMBURZA were executed by Garrote in Public to serve as a threat to Filipinos never attempt to fight the Spaniards again Differing accounts of the events of 1872 1. Pardo de Tavera’s account of CAVITE Munity 2. Plauchut’s account of the Cavite Mutiny Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo De Tavera - A Filipino scholar and research - Wrote a Filipino version of the bloody incident in Cavite. According to Pardo De Tavera - The incident was merely amutiny by Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from the draconian policies of Izquirdo (aboltion of privileges and prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades) The Central Spanish Government - Was planning to deprive the friars of all the powers of intervention in matters of civil government and direction and management of educational institutions Edmund Plauchut - A French writer - Complemented Tavera’s account account and analyzed the motivation of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny.  GE 102: The Readings in the Philippine History Topic: Rizal Retraction Retraction - A public statement made about an earlier statement that withdraws, cancels, refutes, or reverses the original statement desists from publishing the original statement or ceases and desist from publishing the original statement WHAT WAS THE RETRACTION ABOUT? - The letter, dated December 29, 1896, was said to have been signed by the National Hero himself. - Rizal retracted because the church would not allow his marriage to Josephine Bracken unless he retracted his masonic affiliation. Witnesses - Eleven eyewitnesses, including Fr. Marciano Guzman, certified Rizal's confessions, which included writing a retraction, signing a Catholic prayer book, and kissing the crucifix before execution. - UP professor emeritus of history, Nicholas Zafra, argues that direct evidence in the historical method is stronger than circumstantial evidence, citing Guzmán's disbelief and stubbornness TEAM Retraction 1)To save his family and town from further persecution. (2) To give Josephine a legal status as his wife. (3) To secure reforms from the Spanish government. (4) To help the church cut away from the disease which harmed her. I declare myself a Catholic and in this Religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live and die. “I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publication s, and conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the Catholic Church.” TEAM Falsified (1) There is the matter of the handwriting. / Forgery (2) Argument against the Retraction is the claim that other acts and facts do not fit well with the story of the Retraction. (3) The third chief line of argument against the Retraction is that it is out of character. Experts believe Jose Rizal's retraction paper was a moral decision, not a change in faith. Senator Jose Diokno emphasized Rizal's greatness as a Filipino hero, regardless of his faith. Rizal courted death to prove patriotism and belief in death.  GE 102: Readings in the Philippine History Topic: The first cry of Rebillion “Cry” - The term “Cry” is translated from the Spanish ‘el grito de rebellion’ means ‘cry for rebellion’. “THE FIRST CRY” The ‘first cry’ is generally signified as the ‘First Call for Rebellion’. It is marked as the beginning of Philippine revolution or seeking of independence of filipinos from Spanish colonial rule with the use of violence in arms. - This marks the start of Katipunan in 1896. - In this event, members had to meet, make speeches, and the historic tearing up of cedula. Cedula – was a very important document that signifies a person’s allegiance to the govt. - The shouts for “Viva La Independence Filipina” or “Long Live Philippine Independence!” was to express the goal of their secret organization. - The current date adopted in history is August 23, 1896 The “First Cry” – Pugadlawin Balintawak GEN. GILLERMO MASANGKAY (THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK) - Andres Bonifacio's friend and advisor, a key figure in the Filipino American War, was a member of the Katipunan that built the KKK in Cavite. He led the first meeting on August 26, 1896, in Balintawak, Caloocan. Lt. Olegario Diaz - Lt. Olegario Diaz (a Spanish guardia civil officer) reported that the cry occurred in Balintawak on August 24, 1896 GREGORIA DE JESUS - The Lakambini of the Katipunan Andres Bonifacio’s Wife In her account, the first cry happened IN Pasong Tamo near Caloocan on August 25, 1896 Julio Nakpil – Gregoria de Jesus’ 2nd husband - Filipino musician, composer, and General during Philippine Revolution against Spain, wrote handwritten notes in National Library, mentioning the revolution's start in Kangkong, Pasong Tamo, and Bonifacio's first cry of war. TEAM PUGAD-LAWIN DR. PIO VALENZUELA A Filipino physician and revolutionary leader At the age of 23 he joined the Katipunan and become one of the officials Andres Bonifacio’s right hand He was also present during the meeting before the actual first cry happened He wrote his memoirs of the revolution and claimed that THE CRY took place at Sitio Gulod in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896 in the house of Juan Ramos (Tandang Sora’s son) August 23, 1896 In Pugad Lawin, Quezon City ✓TEODORO AGONCILIO “REVOLT OF THE MASSES (1956)” ✓-AGONCILIO used his considerable influence and campaigned to changed the date and venue of the first cry to Pugad Lawin, August 23, 1896. ✓In 1963, president Macapagal ordered that the cry of Balintawak shall be called cry of Pugad Lawin and it should be celebrated on August 23 instead of August 26. - REVOLUTION WAS THE ONLY HOPE TO MAKE RADICAL CHANGES - August 23, 1896 In Pugad Lawin, Quezon City