Philippine History: Cory Aquino and 1970 Protests

A 2-day revolt in Cavite, Philippines, in 1872, quickly suppressed by Spanish forces.

Public execution, by garrote, of three Filipino priests (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora) in 1872. It was meant as a warning to Filipinos.

Scholarly account of the Cavite Mutiny arguing it was in response to Spanish government policies.

Formal withdrawal of a previous statement, often under pressure.

Rizal's withdrawal of some of his earlier writings in 1896, attributed to pressure from the Church.

A revolt in the Cavite arsenal (armory) in 1872.

Spanish policies that led to the Cavite Mutiny, including the abolition of privileges and the restriction on a school of arts.

The governing body in the Philippines intending to limit the friar's influence in government and education.

Three Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, executed for alleged treason and sedition.

Prominent Filipino priest and one of GomBurZa. Known for his nationalism and calm acceptance of death.

A young Filipino priest and member of GomBurZa. He advocated for Filipinization of the clergy and was close to a liberal Governor General.

Another Filipino priest and member of GomBurZa, known for his opposition to Spanish arrogance.

Historical accounts by Spanish officials and historians that often portrayed the Cavite Mutiny as a premeditated conspiracy aimed at overthrowing the Spanish government.

The movement to give Filipino priests control over their own parishes rather than being subordinates to Spanish friars, the target of Spanish clergy.

Serious crimes against the state, involving actions against the government's authority or laws.

The first Christian mass in the Philippines, held in either Limasawa or Mazaua in 1521 during Magellan's expedition.

An original document or physical object which was created at the time under study.

A Portuguese explorer who led an expedition that circumnavigated the globe reaching the Philippines and claiming it for Spain.

Rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or crew members.

A Filipino Rajah or prince who participated in or interacted with Magellan's expedition in the Philippines.

Written record of events from a member of Magellan's expedition, useful to understand first mass claims.

A Jesuit priest, professor and rector of the University of Manila, from 17th century, who visited Mindanao and researched the first mass claims.