GC1-INTRO.pdf

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1  DIRECTION: ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING JUMBLED LETTERS TO FORM WORDS RELATED TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY. SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THE WORD FORMED. YOU’LL BE GIVEN 30 SECS FOR EACH WORD. CRIUSTOMDE DEMOCRITUS LCAHMSEIT ALCHEMIST ICMTOA YOERHT ATOMIC THEORY IBON-SEEESINT BOS...

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1  DIRECTION: ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING JUMBLED LETTERS TO FORM WORDS RELATED TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY. SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THE WORD FORMED. YOU’LL BE GIVEN 30 SECS FOR EACH WORD. CRIUSTOMDE DEMOCRITUS LCAHMSEIT ALCHEMIST ICMTOA YOERHT ATOMIC THEORY IBON-SEEESINT BOSE-EINSTEIN What might this creature catch your interest if you were a chemist? Fugu, also known as puffer fish, is a sushi delicacy that can also be lethal. Recently this toxin has been put to good use, as scientists have discovered that a purified form of it can treat severe pain in cancer patients. Click to edit Master title style Tetrodotoxin found in pufferfish, due to its paralysis effect, this neurotoxin could be used in the medical field as an analgesic to treat some cancer pains.  Inorganic Chemistry - Deals with the study of chemicals and their compounds with exception of carbon containing compounds.  Organic Chemistry - Deals with the study of carbon containing compounds.  Biochemistry - Deals with the study of biochemical and the chemical processes of living.  Physical Chemistry - Deals with the theories and experiments that describe behavior of chemicals.  Analytical Chemistry - Deals with the qualitative and quantitative properties of chemical substance.  It came from Arab Latinized word “Keme” meaning “value” Egyptian word “Khemia” meaning “transmutation of earth” Greek word “Khymeia” meaning “Art of alloying metal” and “Khumeia” meaning “casting together” or “putting together”. 1000 BC (Ancient Civilizations such as Summerians, Babylonians, Egyptians and Greeks cultures )  they are applying different branches of chemistry in different manners such as; Purifying and extracting metals - Medicines Dying cloth materials - Embalming Fermentation of wine - Food Making Cosmetics - Making alloys Painting Leucippus - was the earliest Greek to develop the theory of atomism - He said that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible called “atoms”. Democritus Student of Leucippus Developed and systematized classical atomism. He also coined the term “Atom” Thales - He said that water is the primal matter. - He gave an idea that it is one of the elemental material. Anaximenes He is also the one who gave an idea about the air as an element. He’s considering that the earth is just a flat material which is only floating in the air. Heraclitus - He considered fire as the most fundamental element. - He believed that fire gave rise to the other elements and thus to all things. Empedocles - He states that all matter are made up in differing proportions, of four elemental materials- earth, fire, air and water. Thales and Aristotle - speculated on the composition of matter - They believed that there were basic elements that composed all matter. - earth, air, fire and water, the fifth substance is " quintessence  The first chemical reaction that was used in a controlled manner was “Fire” Greeks, Indians and Egyptians were the first one to utilize chemistry without realizing it. The first to recognized was the purification of metals as early as 2600 BC. This is being done by the Egyptians when they purify gold.  The discovery of the Alloys marked the start of the Bronze Age. This started in Egypt and Mesapotamia. Advancement in alchemy and metallurgy were made in Ancient India.. Alchemist- those people who are involved of alchemy. They are also known as the gold cooks believed to have powers that science cannot explain.  Alchemy: NOMENCLATURE ''alkimia" arabic word, al meaning definite article and kimia coming either from Greek, chyma " to fuse or cast a metal or from "chem" meaning dark land. The Rise of Alchemy: From Mysticism to Science Mysticism Experimentation Advancements Early alchemists Over time, alchemy Alchemy laid the were driven by a evolved from a foundation for mystical quest to mystical pursuit to a modern chemistry, transform base more scientific leading to the metals into gold, endeavor, with discovery of new seeking the elixir alchemists elements, of life. conducting compounds, and systematic laboratory experiments. techniques. Alchemist were believe to have the ability to: Turn base metals into gold Find a cure for bubonic plague Produce a medicine that will improve life Create the Elixir of Life known as the Panacea or Philosopher’s Stone.  Is anything that can occupy space and has mass. Everything that we feel or even we cannot see or feel is considered matter. It is composed of tiny particles called “atoms”. Atoms also consisting of the subatomic particles such as electrons, protons and neutrons. energy involved in these changes Chemistry properties structure composition changes that matter undergoes  Chemistry is the study of matter, occupy space and have a mass it covers the composition, properties and its structure. study the changes that matter undergoes and the energy involved in these changes 1. Properties of matter can be perceived by our senses but other may require special instruments to observe and measure. 2. The study of structure of matter is concerned with the building blocks, the atom and molecules.  Atoms are the basic building blocks. Molecules consists of two or more atoms joined together and recognized as a unit. The properties of matter depend on the large extent on how these building blocks are put together. the building block may be the same as in diamond and graphite, but if they are put together differently, different substances with different properties will be the result. 3. the composition of matter also depends on what and how many building blocks are present and how they are put together. 4. changes that matter undergoes. 5. energy involved in the changes energy released or absorbed during change There are 3 ways in which matter can be classified: 1. According to origin 2. According to state 3. According to composition There are two kinds of matter: 1. Organic Materials- which are commonly derived from living things and contain carbon. 2. Inorganic Materials- come from non-living things and do not contain carbon. Tell whether it is organic material or non organic material. 1. Sugar 2. Glycogen 3. Iron 4. Water 5. Carbon Monoxide Basically matter exists in three phases: 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas PLASMA It is an ionized gas. A very good conductor of electricity Like gases it has indefinite shape and volume. BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE is a state of matter of a dilute gas of low densities called bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.  MATTER Yes Can it be separated by No physical means? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Yes Is the composition No Yes Can it be decomposed by No uniform? chemical means? Homogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture Mixture Compound Element (solution)