Gastrointestinal System Advanced - PDF

Gastrointestinal system - advanced 1. Why are the enzymes Pepsin and Trypsin initially secreted as Pepsinogen and Trypsinogen (proenzymes)? a) They are secreted when the GI tract is empty and only activated when food is present. b) Proenzymes act as hormones in the digestive tract. c) To prevent...

Gastrointestinal system - advanced 1. Why are the enzymes Pepsin and Trypsin initially secreted as Pepsinogen and Trypsinogen (proenzymes)? a) They are secreted when the GI tract is empty and only activated when food is present. b) Proenzymes act as hormones in the digestive tract. c) To prevent self-digestion of secreting organs. d) The proenzymes break down different proteins from the enzymes. 2. What are the main sources of bicarbonate in the intestine? a) Stomach acid and saliva. b) Bile and pancreatic juice. c) Secretions of the intestinal epithelium. d) Digested food. 3. What is the main role of bicarbonate in the small intestine? a) Maintain optimal pH for enzymatic digestion. b) Remove CO2 from the digestive system. c) Regulate water content of the intestinal contents. d) Break down proteins into amino acids. 4. Which part of the stomach is primarily responsible for the secretion of stomach juices? a) Cardia b) Pyloric antrum c) Fundus d) Pylorus 5. What is the main effect of motilin on the digestive tract? a) Decreased absorption of fat b) Increased absorption of fat c) Decreased gastric motor activity d) Increased gastric motor activity 6. Which of the following two hormones have OPPOSITE effects on gastric acid secretion? a) VIP and motilin b) Gastrin and CCK c) Somatostatin and GIP d) Somatostatin and CCK 7. Which phase of gastric secretion does not require the presence of food in the stomach? a) Gastric phase b) Cephalic phase c) Intestinal phase d) All phases require the presence of food. 8. Which of the following can be absorbed in the stomach? a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Fats d) There is no absorption of nutrients in the stomach 9. Which of the following is NOT a role of motitlity in the gastrointestinal system? a) Exposure for absorption b) Mixing c) Movement along digestive tract d) Digestion 10. Bile is released into the duodenum by which organ? a) Gall bladder b) Liver c) Pancreas d) Stomach 11. What type of food is primarily digested in the stomach? a) Fats b) Protein c) Carbohydrates d) There is no digestion occurring in the stomach 12. The main process relating to digestion which occurs in the large intestine is: a) Fermentation b) Fragmentation c) Emulsification d) Inflammation 13. Fat is mainly absorbed by the: a) Venous system b) Lymphatic system c) Adipose tissue d) Liver 14. Secretions of the exocrine Pancreas play a role in the digestions of: a) Proteins and lipids b) Carbohydrates and nucleic acids c) Proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids d) Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids 15. Which branch of the nervous system regulates the funtion of the grastrointestinal system? a) Central b) Autonomic c) Peripheral d) Somatic 16. Ageing of the gastrointestinal system is frequently characterised by an increased incidence of constipation. This may be caused by: a) Slow peristalsis b) Increased blood pressure c) Problems with mastication (chewing) d) Narrowing of sphincters 17. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? a) Destruction of old red blood cells b) Formation of blood plasma proteins c) Storage of glucose d) Regulation of gastrointestinal motility 18. What are the roles of water in digestion? a) Removal of waste products excreted in urine; dilution of toxins b) Hydrogenation; flushing of the stomach c) Cooling; buffering and dilution d) Hydrolysis; lubrication and dilution 19. Why does eating a large meal make one sleepy? a) Effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on the brain b) Increased energy requirement of the liver c) Effect of gastrin on the circulatory system d) Synaptic fatigue in the parasympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal system 20. Pancreatitis, which causes reduced production and secretion of pancreatic enzymes, will have the following symptoms: a) Decreased digestion and absorption of nutrients and diarrhoea b) Increased digestion and absorption of nutrients and constipation c) Excessive production of gastric juice and ulceration d) Type II diabetes