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2nd Quarter: Conventional Traditional or Local Folk Music and Arts (Pre-war) Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia (CTIM)  I. MUSIC Maqam Scale DO RE MI SOL LA Oriental Influence Islamic Influence  Diat...

2nd Quarter: Conventional Traditional or Local Folk Music and Arts (Pre-war) Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia (CTIM)  I. MUSIC Maqam Scale DO RE MI SOL LA Oriental Influence Islamic Influence  Diatonic Scale – 8 notes European Influence  Terms in Vocal Music A capella – singing without any instrumental accompaniment. Mellismatic - there are many notes in one syllable. Tremolo – trembling / shaking effect in a tone. Babaylan – a religious leader who communicates with spirits, also known as a healer.  What are the Chinese influences in the vocal music of Southeast Asia? Chinese traditional singing uses high-pitched but thin and non- resonant voice, usually nasal.  What are the Islamic influences in the vocal music of Southeast Asia? Singing is vital in Islamic culture most especially in their prayers. It is mellismatic (many tune in one syllable), using strained voice and tremolos. Mostly it is a capella, sometimes with small amount of percussion accompaniment.  Vocal Music FOLK SONG: Composers are unknown Northern Tribes in Luzon = more on the Oriental Pentatonic Scale Southern Tribes in Mindanao – more on the Islamic Maqam Scale Work / Folk Song Harana (Seranade)  Folk Songs from Southeast Asia Cambodia - Dae Roeu Dek Thailand - Ngam Sang Duan Indonesia - Naik Naik / Burung Kakak Tua Malaysia - Rasa Sayang  Examples of Vocal Music in the Philippines and Southeast Asia in the Prewar Era. Indigenous Songs – traditional songs and chants were used from birth ceremonies, lullabies, initiation rites, weddings, funerals, etc. Work Songs – accompanies work. The best of the singing or chanting guided specific actions done while working. “Magtanim ay ‘di Biro” Folksongs – “folk - people” who sang about common day-to-day life activities in a community sometimes with non-sense lyrics to words of wisdom. Passed to generations orally, composers were unknown. Songs about Epics and Legends-song stories about epics and legends of local heroes. Love songs – “Harana” Man’s feeling to a woman expressed through singing called “serenade”  Instrumental Music Metallophones – Kongvong, Cambodia Kulintang a tiniok, Philippines Saron, Indonesia  Instrumental Music Metallophones – Agong, Philippines Bab’ndir, Philippines  Instrumental Music Metallophones – Metal instruments that needs striking or hitting to produce sound. Kongvong, Cambodia Kulintang a tiniok, Philippines Saron, Indonesia  Instrumental Music Metallophones – Metal instruments that needs striking or hitting to produce sound. Agong, Philippines Bab’ndir, Philippines  Please memorize. MUSICAL INSTRUMENT COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Bonang Indonesia Trung Vietnam Khene Laos Khim Cambodia Canang Buluh Malaysia Nose Flute Philippines Kalaleng Philippines Gambus Brunei Dan Bau Vietnam Ching Thailand Idiophones – Idiophone – Wooden instruments that needs striking or hitting to produce sound.  Chordophones – Gambus, Brunei Kudyapi, Philippines  Chordophone – “Chord” “String’ – Instruments with strings that are plucked, strummed, or bowed to produce sound. Gambus, Brunei Kudyapi, Philippines Membranophone – Dabakan, Philippines Membranophone – “Membrane” – Drums that has stretched animal skin and needs hitting / beating to produce sound. Dabakan, Philippines  Aerophone –  Aerophone “air” – Instruments that needs air to be blown to produce sound.  II. Theater Arts Theater Art involves singing, dancing, and acting (dialogue). The characters are in costume, make-up, and performing with props (scenery) on stage with appropriate lighting to make their performance more effective or expressive.  Indonesia – WAYANG KULIT uses cutout puppets controlled by a puppeteer called “Dalang”, and accompanied by an orchestra called, Gamelan. Philippines – SARSWELA Vietnam – HAT CHEO OPERA  III. Festivals… Just like music, dance has always been part of many theater forms and festivals in the world. Festivals, Feast, Fiesta, they all mean the same and it is all about celebrations. Celebrations are incomplete without music, dancing and food! Although celebrations are unique in different places, music unifies all races through gatherings and festivities. You will now realize the inseparable connection of music with theater, dance, and festivals. Some people from different countries fly to Southeast Asia just to witness known festivals.  LEARNING TARGETS I can… identify and describe various Philippine and Southeast Asian festivals, including their cultural significance and unique features. explain the historical and cultural contexts that give rise to different festivals in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. compare and contrast the similarities and differences between festivals in the Philippines and those in Southeast Asian countries Thaipusam Festival, Malaysia & Singapore Celebrated on the full moon of January or February 1. It commemorates myth gods that helped each other to vanquish an evil demon Soorapadman. Music is highly influenced by Indian music, using wind instruments and long rhythmic patterns. Bon Om Touk (Khmer Water) Festival, Cambodia Celebrated in November, visitors from every province travel to Phnom Penh to watch the boat races and free music concerts in the evenings. For 3 days , workers join with city’s residents to celebrate by night and day Commermorates the end of the rainy season Bun Bang Fai (Rocket) Festival – Laos and Thailand This festival is practiced by the ethnic people of Laos and Thailand, just before the wet season. This celebration includes music and dance festivals, competitive processions of floats, dancers, and musicians on the 2nd day, and culminating activity with competitive firings of homemade rockets. Tet Nguyen Dan Festival - Vietnam It is a Vietnamese New Year celebration based on the Chinese Lunar Calendar. (China took over the country and the Vietnamese adopted their custom). Traditional food, music and dragon dances are performed along the streets. This celebration hopes to discard past trouble/ problems and hope for a better new year. Phuket Festival – Thailand This vegetarian festival focuses on abstinence from meat and other stimulants (like ice cream!) to help obtain good health and peace of mind. It features processions of god- mediums performing shocking acts of self-inflictions as a test of faith, piercing their faces with metal objects. This can be compared to “penitensya” in the Philippines. PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS 1. How do the themes celebrated in Philippine and Southeast Asian festivals reflect the values and beliefs of their respective cultures? 2. Why is it important to preserve traditional festivals in the face of globalization and modernization? What impact does this preservation have on community identity? 3. How can we analyze the role of festivals in facilitating social cohesion and community bonding among diverse groups within the Philippines andSoutheast Asia? ATI-ATIHAN – Kalibo, Aklan This festival commemorates how Pagan Aetas turned into Christians. Music is highly rhythmical using European percussion instruments. DINAGYANG - Iloilo This festival commemorates how native Negritos converted to Christianity. This is accompanied by indigenous percussions and marching band instruments. SINULOG - Cebu This festival commemorates how muslims converted to Christianity. This is accompanied by Mindanao / Islamic music elements. MASSKARA – Bacolod (City of Smiles) This is a parade of performers wearing smiling masks and is accompanied by lively drums, percussive lyres, and brass instruments. Masskara literally means “people’s faces.” PANAGBENGA – Baguio City The festival, held in February, was created as a tribute to the city's flowers and as a way to rise from devastation of the 1990 Luzon earthquake. The festival includes floats that are covered mostly with flowers. MORIONES – Marinduque This parade commemorates Christ’s capture by the Roman soldiers. It is accompanied by upbeat and mellow music.  IV. Dance Maglalatik is one of the Philippine folk dances. It is a combat that imitates a duel between two groups in conflict. This dance is performed during town fiesta (same as festivals) and involves the use of “latik” or coconut shell, worn on the waist by each dancer. In addition to this instrument, each dancer carries a wooden stick which they hit against these shells to make a clattering sound. An entertaining part of the dance is the swaying back and forth of the dancers in a rhythmical way.  V. Folk Arts Folk arts are made by hand, for practical and everyday use as well as for decorative purposes. Examples of Philippine folk art are barong tagalog and baro’t saya.  ACTIVITY You will be divided into 4 groups. Create a fun, interactive quiz game (with 10 questions) where your classmates can guess the names of different festivals based on clues or images, fostering excitement and curiosity about the cultural significance behind each celebration.  EXIT TICKET How do the traditions and practices observed in Philippine festivals reflect the core values of being truly Filipino?