Philippine Folk Music and Instruments

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scales is associated with the Southern Tribes in Mindanao?

  • Oriental Pentatonic Scale
  • Diatonic Scale
  • Maqam Scale (correct)
  • A capella

Folk songs in the Philippines were composed by known composers and are usually passed down through generations.

False (B)

What term describes singing without instrumental accompaniment?

A capella

Vocal music in Islamic culture is often characterized by the use of __________.

<p>Mellismatic singing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the countries with their corresponding folk songs:

<p>Cambodia = Dae Roeu Dek Thailand = Ngam Sang Duan Indonesia = Naik Naik / Burung Kakak Tua Malaysia = Rasa Sayang</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Babaylan?

<p>A religious leader who communicates with spirits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chinese traditional singing style is characterized by a high-pitched but resonant voice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The song 'Magtanim ay ‘di Biro' is an example of a __________ song.

<p>Work</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of metallophones?

<p>They produce sound by striking or hitting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aerophones produce sound by being struck or hit.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a man's feeling toward a woman expressed through singing?

<p>serenade</p> Signup and view all the answers

The instrument used in Laos that belongs to the chordophone family is called the ______.

<p>Khene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following musical instruments with their countries of origin:

<p>Gambus = Brunei Kudyapi = Philippines Dabakan = Philippines Khim = Cambodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is associated with the country of Cambodia?

<p>Khim (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

WAYANG KULIT is a traditional form of theatre art in the Philippines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of folktale performance is known for using puppets and is often accompanied by an orchestra?

<p>WAYANG KULIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Thaipusam Festival commemorate?

<p>The victory over an evil demon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bon Om Touk Festival is celebrated to mark the beginning of the rainy season.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of the Bun Bang Fai Festival?

<p>Competitive firings of homemade rockets</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Festival is celebrated in Vietnam as the New Year based on the Chinese Lunar Calendar.

<p>Tet Nguyen Dan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following festivals with their respective countries:

<p>Thaipusam = Malaysia &amp; Singapore Bon Om Touk = Cambodia Bun Bang Fai = Laos and Thailand Tet Nguyen Dan = Vietnam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which festival includes free music concerts in its celebrations?

<p>Bon Om Touk Festival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Music in the Thaipusam Festival is heavily influenced by traditional Malay genres.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significance does the Bun Bang Fai Festival have in terms of the seasonal calendar?

<p>It is celebrated just before the wet season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the Vegetarian Festival in Thailand?

<p>Absence of meat and stimulants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sinulog Festival commemorates the conversion of Muslims to Christianity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the celebrations in Vietnamese New Year?

<p>To discard past troubles and hope for a better new year</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ati-Atihan festival in Kalibo, Aklan commemorates how Pagan Aetas turned into __________.

<p>Christians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following festivals with their descriptions:

<p>Dinagyang = Commemorates native Negritos' conversion to Christianity Atihan = Celebrates Pagan Aetas turning Christian Sinulog = Honors the conversion of Muslims to Christianity Vegetarian Festival = Focuses on abstinence from meat for health</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural significance do festivals have in the context of Philippine and Southeast Asian societies?

<p>They facilitate social cohesion and bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The preservation of traditional festivals is less important due to globalization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one psychological benefit of participating in traditional festivals.

<p>Peace of mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'Masskara' literally mean?

<p>People's faces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Panagbenga festival is celebrated as a tribute to the city's flowers and takes place in February.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Philippine folk dance imitates a duel between two groups?

<p>Maglalatik</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ parade commemorates the capture of Christ by Roman soldiers.

<p>Moriones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which festival is known for performers wearing smiling masks?

<p>Masskara (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following festivals with their key features:

<p>Masskara = Parade of smiling masks Panagbenga = Floats covered with flowers Moriones = Commemoration of Christ's capture Maglalatik = Folk dance with coconut shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Folk arts in the Philippines are only made for decorative purposes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each dancer in Maglalatik carries a wooden ________ to create a clattering sound.

<p>stick</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maqam Scale

A musical scale, common in Islamic music, having specific pitches.

Diatonic Scale

A musical scale with 8 notes, often influenced by European traditions.

A capella

Singing without any instrumental accompaniment.

Mellismatic

Vocal music with many notes sung on a single syllable.

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Folk Song

Songs created and passed down by people, often about everyday life.

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Work Song

Songs that accompany work, guiding or inspiring tasks.

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Indigenous Songs

Traditional songs and chants representing pre-war societies’ traditions.

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Harana (Serenade)

A type of folk song, often a romantic serenade.

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Metallophones

Metal instruments that produce sound when struck or hit.

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Chordophones

Stringed instruments that produce sound when plucked, strummed, or bowed.

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Membranophones

Drums; instruments with stretched animal skin that produce sound when hit.

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Aerophones

Wind instruments that produce sound when air is blown through them.

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Harana

A love song, serenade, or a man's expression of feelings towards a woman through singing.

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Wayang Kulit

A form of Indonesian shadow puppet theatre.

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Sarawela

A form of Philippine musical theater.

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Hat Cheo Opera

A form of Vietnamese musical theatre.

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Thaipusam Festival

A Malaysian and Singaporean festival celebrating the triumph of good over evil, commemorating gods vanquishing a demon.

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Bon Om Touk Festival

A Cambodian festival marking the end of the rainy season, featuring boat races and evening music concerts.

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Bun Bang Fai Festival

A Laotian and Thai festival held right before the wet season, known for music, dance, floats, and competitive rocket launches.

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Tet Nguyen Dan Festival

A Vietnamese New Year celebration following the Chinese lunar calendar.

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Philippine and Southeast Asian Festivals

Celebrations unique to different regions with distinctive music, dance, and food that reflect the region’s culture.

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Cultural Significance of Festivals

Festivals represent a region's history, beliefs, and values through music, dance, and rituals.

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Music's Role in Festivals

Music unifies diverse groups by celebrating together, creating emotional connections and cultural expression.

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Festival Celebrations

Festivals consist of unique parties that combine food, music, and art to express the spirit of the location and era.

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Southeast Asian Festivals

Celebrations that reflect the values and beliefs of Southeast Asian cultures, often incorporating traditional food, music, and dances.

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Phuket Vegetarian Festival

A Thai festival during which participants abstain from meat and other stimulants to achieve good health and peace of mind. It includes processions of god-mediums performing acts of self-infliction as a test of faith.

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ATI-ATIHAN Festival

A festival in Kalibo, Aklan, commemorating the conversion of Pagan Aetas to Christianity. It features highly rhythmical music using European percussion instruments.

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DINAGYANG Festival

A festival in Iloilo celebrating the conversion of native Negritos to Christianity. It incorporates indigenous percussion and marching band instruments.

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SINULOG Festival

A festival in Cebu commemorating the conversion of Muslims to Christianity.

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Role of Festivals in Social Cohesion

Festivals play a vital role in fostering social cohesion and community bonding by bringing diverse groups together, promoting shared experiences, and strengthening cultural identity.

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Preserving Traditional Festivals

Maintaining cultural traditions is crucial in the face of globalization and modernization to ensure continuity and prevent the erosion of cultural identity.

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Cultural Values and Beliefs

Festivals reflect the unique values and beliefs of cultures, often incorporating rituals, symbols, and stories that are deeply embedded in their history and tradition.

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Masskara Festival

A festival held in Bacolod City, known for its parade of performers wearing smiling masks and lively music.

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Panagbenga Festival

A festival in Baguio City honoring flowers and commemorating the city's resilience after a devastating earthquake.

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Moriones Festival

A parade in Marinduque commemorating the capture of Christ by Roman soldiers.

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Maglalatik Dance

A traditional Philippine folk dance that imitates a duel between two groups, involving the use of coconut shells and wooden sticks.

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Folk Arts

Handmade objects created for both practical and decorative purposes, reflecting cultural traditions.

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Barong Tagalog

A traditional Filipino men's embroidered shirt, often worn during festivals.

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Baro't Saya

A traditional Filipino women's outfit, consisting of a blouse and skirt, often worn during special occasions.

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Philippine Festivals

Celebrations that reflect Filipino traditions, values, and history through music, dance, and art.

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Study Notes

2nd Quarter: Conventional Traditional or Local Folk Music and Arts (Pre-war) Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia

  • Traditional music and art forms prevalent in the Philippines and Southeast Asia before World War II.

I. MUSIC

  • Pentatonic scales: Musical scales using five notes. Demonstrated with musical notation.
  • Oriental Influence: Music with origins in East Asian cultures.
  • Maqam Scale: Musical scale specific to Islamic cultures. Also shown with musical notation.
  • Islamic Influence: Music with origins in Islamic cultures.
  • Diatonic Scale: Musical scale using eight notes. Shown with musical notation.
  • European Influence: Music with origins in European cultures.

Terms in Vocal Music

  • A capella: Singing without instrumental accompaniment.
  • Mellismatic: Many notes sung on one syllable.
  • Tremolo: A trembling or shaking effect in a tone.
  • Babaylan: A religious leader who communicates with spirits (also known as a healer).

Chinese Influences in Southeast Asian Vocal Music

  • Chinese traditional singing is high-pitched, thin, and non-resonant, often nasal.

Islamic Influences in Southeast Asian Vocal Music

  • Singing is essential in Islamic culture, particularly in prayers. Characterized by melismatic singing (many notes in one syllable), strained vocals, and tremolos. Often without instrumental accompaniment, although percussion may be present sometimes.

Vocal Music

  • Folk Songs: Songs about daily life, often with nonsensical lyrics. Passed down orally through generations. No known composers.
  • Songs about Epics and Legends: Stories about heroes and epics. Often told through songs. No known composers.
  • Love songs: Examples include the Harana (serenade) — a song expressing a man's feelings to a woman.

Instrumental Music

  • Metallophones: Metal instruments requiring hitting or striking to produce sound. Include specific examples.
  • Kongvong (Cambodia)
  • Kulintang a tiniok (Philippines)
  • Saron (Indonesia)
  • Agong (Philippines)
  • Bab'ndir (Philippines)

Musical Instruments

  • List of musical instruments and their countries of origin.

Idiophones

  • Wooden instruments requiring striking or hitting to produce sound. This includes examples.

Chordophones

  • Stringed instruments, plucked, strummed, or bowed, produce sound. Examples include specific examples.
  • Kudyapi (Philippines)
  • Gambus (Brunei)

Membranophones

  • Drums using stretched animal skins. Require hitting or beating to produce sound. Specific examples include:
  • Dabakan (Philippines)

Aerophones

  • Instruments that require air to be blown to produce sound.

II. Theater Arts

  • Theater art encompasses singing, dancing, and acting (dialogue). Performances use costumes, makeup, props (scenery), and appropriate lighting for effect and expressiveness.

Indonesian - Wayang Kulit

  • Puppet performances using cutout puppets. Controlled by a puppeteer (Dalang), and accompanied by a Gamelan orchestra.

Philippine - Sarswela

  • Traditional theatrical performances.

Vietnam - Hat Cheo Opera

  • Traditional Vietnamese opera.

III. Festivals

  • Festivals are celebrations that combine music, dance, drama, and food. Music and dance are integral components of celebrations.

IV. Dance

  • Maglalatik: Philippine folk dance mimicking a combat, using coconut shells.

V. Folk Arts

  • Folk arts are handmade crafts, often for everyday use and/or decorative purposes.
  • Barong Tagalog (Filipino men's formal shirt)
  • Baro't saya (formal Filipiniana dress)

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