G Exam 1 PDF - Astronomy, Earth Science Quiz Questions

Quiz #1 1. In 1991 NASA turned their satellites towards Earth, starting a new mission called? Mission to planet Earth 2. (T/F) We are able to observe patterns in the Earth's atmosphere globally because of remote sensing. True 3. T/F) Just as important as collecting data, we must process th...

Quiz #1 1. In 1991 NASA turned their satellites towards Earth, starting a new mission called? Mission to planet Earth 2. (T/F) We are able to observe patterns in the Earth's atmosphere globally because of remote sensing. True 3. T/F) Just as important as collecting data, we must process the data. True 4. (T/F) We all have biases that help form our opinions. True 5. A set of hypotheses that has been validated through repeated challenges of experimentation and empirical observation is called? Theory 6. (T/F) We know it is possible that the Earth is flat because we can support that with physical laws and direct observations. False 7. T/F) Scientific research is the process of using the scientific method to confirm old discoveries. True 8. The scientific method is: An iterative process A collective process 9. When watching a scientific debate, all of the following are important for the viewer to know except: Debates are always a 50-50 argument. 10. The flux of heat between the Earth's reservoirs is called: Energy Cycle 11. The biological flux of chemical material between the Earth's reservoirs is called: Biochemical Cycle 12. (T/F) Changes in one Earth system can result in changes in other Earth systems. True 13. (T/F) It is best to think of the Earth in terms of non-interacting parts. False 14. (T/F) The Earth's systems are defined by boundary conditions that bar the transfer of matter and energy between the different systems. False 15. Which of the following is not considered to be a part of the hydrosphere? Water vapor 16. (T/F) A model of an F-16 aircraft is an example of simplifying a complex origin through scale. True 17. Match the following definitions to their terms. All definitions have an appropriate matching term, and no term or definition is used twice. Exact match all terms for credit. The average amount of time matter or energy spends in a reservoir. Correct match: Residence Time The storage locations for energy or matter. Correct match: Reservoir Any portion of the universe that can be isolated from the rest of the universe for the purpose of observing and measuring changes. Correct match: System The transfer of matter or energy between reservoirs.  Correct match: Flux 18. T/F) An actual F-16 aircraft is an example of simplifying a complex object with scale. False 19. What is a simple, convenient graphical representation of a system? Box Model 20. a sealed box blocking passage of light energy and particles is an example of what type of system? Isolated System Quiz #2 1. The average speed of Earth through space is: 107,000 kph 2. “Blank” is the wobble of the Earth's rotational axis precession. 3. Galileo Galilei was known for developing the telescope. (T/F) True 4. The disc of gas and dust that is not condensed into a protostar is called a solar nebula. (T/F) True 5. The core of giant outer planets is made of: Dense solids that were expelled from terrestrial planets 6. The Big Bang Theory estimates the universe began with a cosmic "explosion" how long ago? 13.7 Billion Years Ago 7. Which of Earth's layers uses convection to transport heat from the outer core to the surface? Mantle 8. Which of the following is not evidence that the Big Bang occurred? Rotation of the Milky Way and contraction under gravitational forces 9. What is the most accepted model for the origin of the universe? Big Bang Theory 10. ~93 million miles is a distance of measure known as a(n) Astronomical Unit 11. After 13 centuries of astronomy silence, Tycho Brahe published "on the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres" which reestablished the Greek heliocentric model. (T/F) False 12. Early astronomers viewed the Earth as the center of the universe, which is also called: Geocentric 13. Match the extraterrestrial object description to the object: A massive self-luminous celestial body of great mass which produces energy by means of nuclear fusion reactions. Correct match: Star A cloud of gas or dust in interstellar space. Correct match: Nebula A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust. Correct match: Comet Any natural satellite orbiting another body. Correct match: Moon 14. The Moon's orbit around Earth and rotation about its axis are both 27.3 days. This is also called: Tidal Lock  15. The Moon orbits the Earth every: 27.3 Days 16. Nebulae primarily consist of “blank” and “blank”, the same elements that make up the majority of the Sun. Hydrogen Helium 17. In the 3rd century BCE, Hellenistic astronomy established what Earth concept to be fact? The Earth is a sphere 18. Astronomy is the science that studies extraterrestrial objects and phenomena. (T/F) True 19. Which of Earth's layers is relatively thin and made of less dense materials? Crust 20. What is the precursor to a star? Protostar Quiz #3 1. What is the most fundamental substance which matter can be separated? Element 2. The merging small atoms into larger atoms is called? Fusion 3. Click on the image where you can find the atomic mass of the element. # on the bottom of the element 4. (T/F) The Earth's geothermal gradient is about 15°C per km. False 5. (T/F) All transfers of energy within the Earth System must balance out. True 6. (T/F) Miscible matter doesn't mix together when combined.  False 7. Earth formed its distinct layers because of? Gravitational Differentiation 8. Which of the following are not powered by terrestrial energy? Ocean Currents 9. Which of the following is not an example of potential energy? Movement of Objects 10. The layer of the mantle with reduced pressure and easily deforms is called? Asthenosphere 11. Which of Earth's reservoirs is responsible for absorbing heat in life? Biosphere 12. Matter with a definitive volume and density is called? Solid 13. Match the description of each law of thermodynamics to the law it is describing. CategoryFirst Law: Conservation and Transformation Correct answer: The energy involved in any chemical or physical change is neither created nor destroyed but changed from one form to another. CategorySecond Law: Efficiency and Entropy Correct answer: Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form. CategoryThird Law: Absolute Zero Correct answer: The entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero. 14. (T/F) The Sun is the main internal energy source for the Earth. False 15. Which of the following bonds are stronger? Ionic Bonds  16. Place each energy source in the appropriate energy category of societal use. Place each energy source in the appropriate energy category of societal use. Fossil Fuels Oil Gas Coal Biomass Wood Dung Nuclear Fission Reactors Alternatives Wave Geothermal Hydroelectric Tidal Solar Wind 17. Which crust layer is difficult to deform because it is strong? Lithosphere 18. Matter that combines to make a single volume of matter is called? Miscible 19. Which of the following is an example of a fossil fuel? Coal 20. A positively charged ion is called? Cation