Fundamentals of Faith Q1 PDF

FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH2 Trinitarian Dogma LESSON 1: I BELIEVE IN GOD 1. The Trinity is One. Using the natural light of reason, God can - As a Pure Spirit, the divine nature is eternal, be known by observing the natural...

FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH2 Trinitarian Dogma LESSON 1: I BELIEVE IN GOD 1. The Trinity is One. Using the natural light of reason, God can - As a Pure Spirit, the divine nature is eternal, be known by observing the natural world: perfect, and ummitable. “Ever since the creation of the world, God’s - There is no sharing of divine substance invisible attributes of eternal power and among the three persons. divinity have been able to be understood - They are co-equal, co-eternal, and and perceived in what he has made.” consubstantial. (Romans 1:20) 2. The divine persons are really distinct from ”When an effect is better known to is [than one another. its cause from the effect], we proceed to the - Father: unbegotten; the origin w/o an origin knowledge of the cause.” - Son: eternally begotten of the Father; the Five Ways of God’s Existence origin of the origin 1. Motion - Holy Spirit: proceeds from the Father and - Whatever is in motion is put in motion by the Son another. But this cannot go on infinity. 3. The divine persons are relative to one - Prime mover or unmoved mover another. 2. Causation - Paternity (Pater” or father) - the relation of - There is an order of efficient cause. There is the Father to the Son no case known in which a thing is found to - Filiation (“Filia” or son) - the relation of the be the efficient cause of itself. And this Son to the Father cannot go on to infinity. - Passive Spiration - the relation of the Holy - First efficient cause or uncaused cause Spirit to the Father and the Son 3. Possibility and necessity The Act and Symbol of Faith: Fides Qua and - There are things possible to be ans not to Fides Quae be. That which does not exist only begins to Fides Qua exist by something already existing. But not faith is the assurance of things hoped for… all beings are merely possible. Faith is the essence/substance of what we - Necessary Being hope for (salvation/eternal 4. Gradation in Things happiness/eternal life) - Among being, there are some more and We define substance/essence as that some less good, true, noble, and the like. through which a person “is” and “acts.” The maximum in any genius is the cause of Ergo, faith is a free, personal, and ecclesial all in that genus act of submitting entirely to God in - Perfect being confidence 5. Governance of the World the substance/essence of how we believe; - Things that lack intelligence act for an end. Subjective Whatever lacks intelligence cannot move Example: Bible study, Mass, Acts of Charity towards an end unless directed by What I do something endowed with knowledge and Fides Quae intelligence. (faith) is the conviction of things unseen - Grand architect or Intelligent We did not come to believe on our own The Object of Faith: The Most Holy Trinity The Church from generation to generation …is the most fundamental mystery of the hands on the apostles’ confession of faith Catholic faith revealed by Jesus Christ: “For The apostles’ confession of faith becomes a [God] sent His Son, the eternal Word, who symbol preserved and transmitted to enlightens all human beings, so that [the deepen our faith. Son] might dwell among them and declare The conviction that what we believe is true to them the secrets of God.” and necessary; Objective  Ex. Trinitarian and Christological Dogmas, LESSON 2-1 : THE CREATION Liturgical Creeds, Decalogue and Creation is the first act of God’s revelation Beatitudes Creation is the Work of the Holy Trinity What I know - Although we say that the work of the Reminder: Creation is the Father’s, He did this I believe = We believe - Faith is not an indivisibly together with the Son and the isolated act. “We” connotes a singular Holy Spirit. identity or communion with what the Church God created the world believes Ex Nihilo Faith is a Relationship - “The believer’s act ❖ He did not need any previously of faith does not terminate in the existing materials or help from propositions but in the realities which they anyone: this shows his omnipotence express.” and his wisdom. God’s revelation - reaching out to us in ❖ Who? - God friendship Ex Amore Jesus is Jew ❖ God has no other reason for creating God created everything out of nothing than his love and goodness. Creeds “credo” = belief ❖ This love is natural to God. condensed formulas of faith that developed ❖ Why? - love over a course of time contemplated, passed on, celebrated, and The world was made for the glory of God lived out. The universe was created in Statu Viae makes I believe = We believe possible ❖ Everything that God created is in the examples: Apostles’ Creed and Nicene state of journeying, toward an Creed ultimate perfection yet to be Based on the number of apostles attained. handpicked by Christ, the number 12 ❖ Through his Divine Providence, God signifies “completeness” protects and governs all things Apostles’ Creed which he has made. - oldest authoritative doctrinal formulation of God the Creator is not like a watchmaker or the Church’s belief in the Holy Trinity an architect, who, after doing his work, - an ancient Roman baptismal symbol leaves it alone. - basis of catechumenal instruction and a God not only gives us existence but baptismal confession of faith since 2nd sustains us at every moment. century Genesis: gignesthai “to be born”; “origin” Nicene Creed - The first book of the Jewish and Christian - pinahaba yung apostles’ creed and naging Scriptures. nicene creed para i-explain lahat but they - It does not give scientific explanations on both have the same meaning. the origin of the world. - arose out of a defensive struggle against - Uses the literary form of religious myth to the heresy of Arianism speak about reality => Heresy of Arianism - Jesus is not divine, Two Accounts of Creation hindi siya Diyos kasi tao lang First Account: Priestly Account - arose out of a defensive struggle against 1. God is the origin of everything especially the heresy of Macedonianism that of life 2. Creation is orderly and good 3. Humankind is the summit of God’s creation 4. Humans are stewards over all creation  5. Human sexuality and procreation belong to Gnosticism - According to some of these the divine order of creation conceptions, the world (at least the physical 6. Rest is Godly world) is evil, the product of a fall, and is Second Account: Yahwist Account thus to be rejected or left behind. 1. We are connected to earth - we are related, Materialism - others reject any transcendent parehas tayo ng ginagalawan sa mundo origin for the world, but see it as merely the 2. The Human being is both body and soul - interplay of matter that has always existed. The soul gives meaning and life to our body (ex. Evolutionism and Big Bang Theory. 3. Eden is the original locals of human beings - Deism - Some admit that the world was Eden is a perfect world, it is paradise. The made by God, but as by a watchmaker who, humanity and the world is in harmony and once he has made a watch, abandons it to peace itself. 4. Humans have the Vocation to care and The Human Person cultivate the world - stewardship - care for it Imago Dei as God will do it - the image of God 5. Man and woman complement each other - - because we have body and soul. We have men and women shouldn’t be seen as rival spiritual capacity. but partners that will complete each other Body: material composition of the person. It 6. Human love and marriage are divinely is corruptible ordered - that’s why God created marriage Souls: principle of vivification. It is immortal. to create humanity (it is God’s design; Three elements of Human soul United and in love through marriage and - It is only the Human Person who possesses open through procreation) the rational capacity that makes him/her Challenging views on God as Creator free. Atheism 1. Vegetative - responsible for nutrition and - Total rejection of the existence of God. Even growth, and which is also found in plants Catholics can become atheist in the sense and other animals. of praxis. You believe in God, you profess 2. Rational - further divided into the scientific your beliefs in Him, but your practically think element, which enables us to contemplate and do something evil right after you go to or engage in theoretical activity, and the the mass calculative or deliberative element, which - You can be atheist if your fides qua and enables us to engage in practical or political fides quae doesn’t match activity Pantheism 3. Appetitive - responsible for perception, - Everything is God, that the world is God, or imagination, and movement, and so is that the development of the world is the present in other animals too, but not in development of God plants. This sort of soul lacks reason but, - everything is God so parang pati yung unlike the vegetative, can be influenced by pagiging imperfect natin naka-ano na rin it. kay God The Dignity of the Human person Dualism/Manichaeism - Others have said - “Man cannot live without love” that the world is a necessary emanation Freedom arising from God and returning to him. Still - “God created man a rational being, others have affirmed the existence of two conferring on him the dignity of a person eternal principles, Good and Evil, Light and who can initiate and control his own Darkness, locked in permanent conflict. actions.” - ”…Man is rational and therefore like God; he is created with free will and is master over his acts.”  - The power, rooted in reason and will 2. Immortality - Non-subjection to the painful - Makes man responsible for his acts separation of the body and soul in death. - The person can only be free if he/she assuring continued existence subordinates his/her freedom to truth 3. Impassibility - Immunity from all suffering Angels” A truth of the faith and misery. to direct knowledge of God to “Angelos” - messenger the world. - They are personal, free, and spiritual beings Man’s First sin who do not have a body like ours. Man, tempted by te devil, let his trust in his - Angels play a major role in the history of creator die in his heart, and abusing his God’s dealing with human beings. freedom, disobeyed God’s command - God placed over each of us a Guardian Self-deification Angel under whose protection and vigilance - Constituted in a state of holiness, we may be enabled to escape the snares of man was destined to be fully our enemy. "divinized" by God in glory. Seduced God did not spare the angels when they by the devil, he wanted to "be like sinned, but condemned them to the God," but"without God, before God, chains… and handed them over to be kept and nothing in accordance with God. for judgement. (2 Peter 2:4) Self-idolatry The angels too, who did not keep to their - In that sin man preferred himself to own domain but deserted their proper God and by that very act scorned dwelling, he has kept in eternal chains, in him. He chose himself over and gloom, for the judgement of the great day. against God, against the The fallen angels were naturally good but requirements of his creaturely status became evil by their own doing. and therefore against his own good. The irrevocable character of their choice Sin is destructive. It ruined man’s harmony made their sin unforgivable. with God and with the rest of creation Original Sin LESSON 2-B:THE FALL OF MAN The sin by which the first human beings Man’s Original State in Paradise (before the fall) disobeyed the commandment of God, Original Justice choosing to follow their own will rather than - The inner harmony of the human person, God's will. the harmony between man and woman, and As a consequence, they lost the grace of finally the harmony between the first couple original holiness, and became subject to the and all creation, comprised the state called law of death; sin became universally "original justice. present in the world. Original Holiness Although it is proper to each individual, - Sharing of the human person to the divine original sin does not have the character of a life. personal fault in any of Adam's - when God created us the “why?” is always descendants. It is a deprivation of original answered ”love” holiness and justice, but human nature has Preternatural Gifts - Elevates to higher state of not been totally corrupted existence Concupiscence 1. Integrity - Perfect control of the passions to As a result of original sin, human nature is reason; subject of the body to the soul. weakened in its powers; subject to Ensured Adam and Eve’s passion and ignorance, suffering, and the domination of desires are perfectly aligned to God’s death; and inclined to sin. This inclination is reason and will; prevented them from called "concupiscence.” sinning Temptations around us makes it easier to for us to choose what if wrong  not a sin, but a situation where we are Whatever iolates the integrity of the Human called to pray to choose what is good person - mutilation, physical and mental Personal Sin torture and attempts to coerce the spirit. This type of sin arises from the free and Whatever is offensive to Human dignity - deliberate choice of an individual to do what subhuman living conditions, arbitrary is morally evil in the sight of God. imprisonment, deportation, slavery, This is when a man chooses to voluntarily prostitution and trafficking in women and and willfully disobey the law of God children; degrading conditions of work which revealed to us. treat laborers as mere instruments of profit, Venial Sin and not as free responsible persons - Sin which does not destroy the divine life in Sinful Structure & Social Sin the soul, as does mortal sin, though it A sin is a personal act. Moreover, we have a diminishes and wounds it. responsibility for the sins committed by - Venial sin is the failure to observe others when we cooperate in them. necessary moderation, in lesser matters of - By participating directly and voluntarily in the moral law, or in grave matters acting them without full knowledge or complete consent - By ordering, advising, praising or approving - if laging nagagawa, it turns into mortal sin them; Mortal Sin - By not disclosing or not hindering them - A grave infraction of the law of God that when we have an obligation to do so destroys the divine life in the soul of the - By protecting evil-doers. sinner (sanctifying grace), constituting a turn Thus, sin makes men accomplices of one away from God. another and causes concupiscence, - For a sin to be mortal, three conditions must violence, and injustice to reign among them. be present: grave matter, full knowledge of Sins give rise to social situations and the evil of the act, and full consent of the institutions that are contrary to the divine Will. goodness. - Completely na sumisira ng relationship Structures of sin" are the expression and within God and ourselves. effect of personal sins. They lead their The mystery of evil and suffering victims to do evil in their tum. In an NO, God is not the source of evil,because analogous sense, they constitute a "social He cannot contradict Himself and He will sin." never oppose His own love. Rather, God Always begin in personal sin.. permits evil: only for the sake of higher - structural - nadadala mo sa buhay good, not only of a person’s individual good, mo, but the good of the entire creation. - social - nagiging part ka God allows the defect of sin in order for Him the depth of sins is napapakita ng social to be able to manifest His Goodness and and structural sins the reality that He is our Savior. The protoevangelium of salvation Intrinsically Evil acts The protoevangelium actions that are inherently wrong, First Announcement of Redemption through regardless of its circumstances. the Victory of the Woman and Her Offspring Actions that violate God’s laws and are protos = first ; evangelion = Gospel considered morally reprehensible in Genesis 3:15 themselves. Mary was conceived without Original Sin Whatever is hostile to life itself - homicide, and did not commit any personal sin during genocide, abortion, euthanasia and her earthly life, hence she was never under voluntary suicide the dominion of Satan. Sin and Grace Dogma of Incarnation: God became flesh “THERE IS NO SAINT WITHOUT A PAST; NO SINNER WITHOUT A FUTURE” -St. God became flesh and dwelt among us Augustine of Hippo everything came to be because God wanted it for us LESSON 3: THE ANNUNCIATION the promise of God's salvation was fulfilled their yes/commitment paved the way for when he became one of us Jesus Christ incarnate: nagkatawang tao ang Diyos para satin INCARNATION Why did God become man? in + caro, “flesh” for our "salvation" and "reconciliation" “the word made flesh” - Jesus Christ became with God incarnate as a human being (nagkatawang-tao) - The Logos became part of his "work." He shared the human condition of life and The Annunciation to Mary - sinabi ni Angel Gabriel kay Mary na magkakaroon s’ya ng anak death and healed it from the inside. If he and Jesus ‘yung pangalan pretended to be human, he could not represent us before God because he cannot Messianic Prophecy - the coming of a messiah die by nature. and he will save us all - bcs of sin, our relationship with God was broken Dogma of Immaculate Conception - baby Mary was conceived without an original sin (she will - need niya maging totoong tao para masave become the vessel of God and she will be among tayo us, kaya clean s’ya) for God's love to be known by us - If God did not love us, He would not give us Annunciation to Joseph any value. We would not know how much at first ayaw niya kay Mary. Si joseph we mean to God. unwilling siya so parang nakipag divorce - kahit tayo ang nagkasala, si God pa rin quietly. nagrereach out for us para mapatunayan na may nagparamdam sa dream niya so mahal niya tayo sinunod niya kinabukasan for Jesus Christ to be humanity's model ginawa niya yung message sa dream and of holiness nakipagsama na sha kay mary - He expressed in action, suffering, and 100% tao si Jesus and naturuan lang siya prayer what it means to be "truly alive." God thru time and the person responsible for that is easier to follow through Jesus. is yung parents niya. si St. Joseph righteous - he can be holy kahit tao siya, which means sya kaya alam nia yung mga law and sya na tayong mga tao, kaya rin natin maging talaga pinaka-nagturo kay Jesus holy Joseph is a silent worker, he simply acts. to still partake in God's divine nature after the annunciation, ginawa niya agad - Eternal friendship with the Holy Trinity is yung sinabi sa dream. inalagaan niya si possible through Jesus' redemptive work. Mary and Jesus - gusto niya tayong makasama, kaya gusto Importance of The Annunciation niyang mag-incarnate it shows the greatness of God because he paved way for our salvation The Hypostatic Union kung ano winill niya, mangyayari at In the Beginning mangyayari siya - The Son eternally exists with God the father God knows na magyeyes si Mary (he and the God the Holy Spirit planned everything already) - Has infinite & knowing unsurpassed will  - All-knowing & ever-present. nagkaroon ng heresy so need ng hypostatic union to counter and explain who Jesus Incarnation Christ really is The Ecumenical Councils - took the form of a man in particular time, Council of Nicea space, and culture. He was named Jesus meaning “God saves” ✗ Heresy of Arianism - Has complete human intellect & will. Human - There was a time when he was not will submit to the divine will (divine) - Has Beatific, Infused, and experimental - His substance is “like” or “similar” to Knowledge. the Father’s (homoiousios) but not the same Our Goal - Taught that the Son came to be from Properties things that were not and that he was Unless Jesus was truly God, he could not not from another substance than that redeem us from sin & death of the Father Unless Jesus was truly man, he could not - hindi raw divine si Jesus could not save us ✓ Homoousies (Teaching) Integrity & property of each nature remain - Jesus is God, He belong to the United but not mixed Father’s substance and is of the Distinct but not separated “same” nature (homoousios) as He. - The Son of God is begotten, not Begotten not made, consubstantial w/ the made, of the same substance Father; Through him all things were made - hindi similar substance but same —> For us men and for our salvation he substance came down from heaven, And by the Holy - kaya yung apostles’ creed naging Spirit was incarnate of the the Virgin Mary nicene creed because of this council and become man - God the Father and God the Son are clearly God is the rational subject and may 2 one, not by a union of Person but by a unity natures: Divine and Human of nature. - Saint Hilary of Poitiers the goal of the incarnation is communion - While the Father and the Son are distinct, God is 100% true God and 100% true man the Son belong to the Father’s substance united but not mixed - hindi nag overlap ang and is of the same nature as He. - Saint pagiging tao and pagiging divine ni God Athanasius his humanity is still intact in Him while His Council of Constantinople divinity is still in Him ✗ Apollinarianism - Taught that the Logos replaced the human soul of Christ. Jesus was not truly a human being since he lacks a rational soul, without a principle of human individuality, freedom, and action. ✓ Teaching - Christ’s Human nature - complete with operations of intellect and will, and human body The Christological Councils (heresy about - belongs to the divine person of the Jesus Christ) Son of God who assumed it. - may rational souls, kaya nagkatawang tao  Council of Ephesus - The one and the same Lord Jesus ✗ Nestorianism Christ is to be acknowledged in two - There human nature of Jesus must natures without confusion, change, have its own subject. Hence, there division, or separation. are two persons of the Christ. - The distinction between the natures - Claimed that there were two persons was never abolished by their union, in Christ: one divine and the other but rather the character proper to human each of the two natures was - By extension, Mary is only preserved as they came together in Christotokos or Christ-bearer not one person Theotokos, since a creature cannot - nasa isang subject lang siya and give birth to God can't be divided, separate, or mixed. - Christotokos: Mary is only the two natures was preserved as they Mother of Jesus came together in one person ✓ Hypostatic Union - The incarnation did not diminish the Son’s divine nature. Hence, divinity & humanity are distinct but not separated in the one divine person of Jesus Christ. - By Extension Mary is Theotokos “God-Bearer” - Theotokos: Mary is only the mother of Jesus - Jesus is the one incarnate nature of the Lesson from the Nativity Scene divine Logos, understanding that while remaining God, the Logos or Son took on human life. There is union in hypostasis or hypostatic union. – Saint Cyril of Alenxandria - Jesus is a perfect God and perfect man. The two nature are without confusion - Saint John Antioch Council Chalcedon ✗ Monophysitism - (mono: “one”; physis:“nature”) - Taught that human nature had madaming symbols and lahat simple lang ceased to exist as such in Christ the king of all kings born this way when the divine person of God's Son it is not for people in power, not only for assumed it. people who are rich. you should learn how - isa lang daw talaga ang nature ni to be last Jesus the Lord chose to be humble to teach and ✓ Tome of Leo the Great demonstrate the radical message of the - The Incarnation did not diminish the kingdom of God Son's human nature. Divinity & humanity are united but unmixed in Lesson from the Holy Family of Nazareth the one divine Person of Jesus Christ. The Holy Family is composed of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph.  - Although Mary and Joseph's faith is in the process of journeying, they provided an environment for the child Jesus to prepare for his public ministry. They take after the Holy Trinity’s "communion of love." - God is at the center of the loving relationship, literally & figuratively. He chose his family (Jesus, Mary, Joseph) God is always the center of this loving relationship We live in original justine and original holiness (we live in so much harmony with our relationship "with God and each other) The Holy Family as a Builder of Communion Joseph - Joseph live a life with God and Mary, teaching Jesus to be faithful and obedient - Joseph really paved the way for Jesus’ mission (prinipare ni Joseph mga kailangang matutunan ni Jesus for his future mission) - tinuruan din niya mag-carpentry si Jesus they lived in such a humble home (he Mary learned how to be obedient in this place, - She also became a good role model obedient in his parents and learned to listen - she was responsible in introducing Jesus to to them) his mission (wedding at caña - first miracle Mary and Joseph know that they will carry that he did, and it’s mary who linked that to the savior/messiah (they did not use them him) for Jesus to mature, it is a safe place for - alam niyang hindi magiging madali ang mga Jesus to learn the important virtue of ito pero hindi niya ini-stop si Jesus na i-fulfill obedience) yung mission niya The Holy Family as a Training Ground for *** He learned to obey the law of nature Vocation & Mission *** his mental maturity led him to obey and honor his parents *** spiritual maturity - obedience to the Will of the Father (nagawa niya yung plan niya before siya mamatay) Synthesis  commitment of mary and joseph to be part of the saving plan of God incarnation - (hypostatic union) - he is 100% human and 100% divine communion - he lived a life of obedience and love just like the loving relationship of the holy trinity where God is at the center preparation to mission - obedience, active silence, humility (so he can fulfill his salvation promise to us)