French Revolution: Development of Nationalism Part II PDF

The French Revolution Stage II: Switch to Prestige Nationalism and Ultra-Nationalism  nd 2 Government of the French Revolution A new legislative assembly is elected...

The French Revolution Stage II: Switch to Prestige Nationalism and Ultra-Nationalism  nd 2 Government of the French Revolution A new legislative assembly is elected Many representatives are very radical The seating plan shifts (royalists have fled the country): – Moderates and constitutional monarchists are now on the right – Radical supporters of a republic are on the left Remember: The radical revolutionaries will use VIOLENCE to achieve their goal. They will use this EXTREMISM to get their goal: a FRENCH REPUBLIC  Reaction by the Royalists/Reactionaries Émigrés (political exiles) – mostly nobles afraid for their lives fled to nearby countries Louis XVI and Antoinette seek help from Austria Flight to Varennes – King and Queen try to escape from France but are caught and put under arrest From the perspective of the revolutionaries - this behaviour of the emigres and the King/Queen would be seen as a crime against the country. What is the term for that?  Nationalist Event: France Goes to War Émigrés and neighbouring countries declare war on France Legislative Assembly believes war will inspire French Nationalism France declares war in 1792 The hope is to create PRESTIGE NATIONALISM (greatness, glory and power to bond the people of the nation). Increase nationalism by giving the people a COMMON ENEMY and SAVING THE REVOLUTON.  Nationalist Event: France at War Duke of Prussia says he will “burn Paris to the ground and torture the revolutionaries” This is the Brunswick Manifesto It inspired the French to come together and fight How would foreign noble armies threatening to destroy the revolution increase feelings of nationalism in France?  Nationalist Event: France at War Levee en masse – the French government implements conscription and creates a French National Army The army marches to Marseillaise – this becomes the French National Anthem Slogan of wartime France is: – “Liberty, egality, fraternity or give me death” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K1q9Ntcr5g  Radicals Exert Control of France The radical Jacobins exert control of the government They create a new executive called the Commune They charge the monarchs with treason and put them on trial The radical use of violence will escalate and anyone who does not exhibit enough patriotism will be targetd for death.  Ultranationalism: 3rd Government of the French Revolution New government is created called the National Convention A new constitution is written that changes France into a Republic (rule by a President) (like the USA) What is ultra-nationalism? Once the government is using this to bond the nation - what would be expected of the citizens?  Ultranationalism: National Convention By a majority of one vote they condemned the King to death on the guillotine Suspended the constitution and bill of rights and declared a “state of emergency” During a state of emergency democracies are run like dictatorships – thus a Committee of Public Safety was created This EMERGENCY GOVERNMENT is to go after INTERNAL ENEMIES OF THE REVOLUTION.  Ultranationalism: Reign of Terror The goal: – Destroy internal enemies 1793-1794 some 20000-40000 people died most were beheaded by the guillotine Maximilien Robespierre, a Jacobin radical and he led the Committee of Public Safety and this Reign of Terror As many innocent people were killed on the guillotine - what does this teach you about the dangers of ultra-nationalism?  Ultranationalism ends: Robespierre is Killed Robespierre is the last to die on the guillotine ending the emergency government A 4th government is created called the Paris Directory (a dictatorship led by 5 men) It would be overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte (coup d'état)