Form & Function_Anatomy & Physiology PDF

How a bean becomes a fart!  Unit 4 - Physiology: Form & Function Lesson 1 - Form & Function = Anatomy & Physiology Language goal - Correctly use science words from this unit in your speech and writing. Be proactive with vocabulary! You really need to or you will be sooo lost. Essential Questio...

How a bean becomes a fart!  Unit 4 - Physiology: Form & Function Lesson 1 - Form & Function = Anatomy & Physiology Language goal - Correctly use science words from this unit in your speech and writing. Be proactive with vocabulary! You really need to or you will be sooo lost. Essential Question: How do the structures and shapes of the things in an organism determine what it does, and how it does it? Guided Notes - Make a Copy (or follow by hand) Some basic vocabulary (seriously, use Quizlet!) Anatomy - this is the study of the form (structure) of body parts (sometimes called morphology). Physiology - this is the study of what body parts do and how they do it (their function). ❏ How are these disciplines related? ❏ The form or structure of a body part determines the function. Expanded Review of the Characteristics of Living Things (1) 1. Movement - from one location to another, changing direction, internal motion of body parts 2. Responsiveness - ability to detect and react to change in the environment 3. Growth - increase in size and mass 4. Reproduction - to make copies or near copies and to pass DNA to offspring 5. Cellular Respiration - Using oxygen (O2) to release energy from food molecules and getting rid of waste CO2 Expanded Review of the Characteristics of Living Things (2) 6. Digestion - breaking down food into usable food molecules, and getting rid of waste 7. Absorption - passage of digested foods through membranes and into bodily fluids 8. Circulation - movement of substances around the body 9. Assimilation - changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances (e.g nitrates to amino acids; phosphates to ATP) 10. Excretion - removal of all types of waste Why do beans make you fart again? So, which characteristics, or life processes, are responsible? Video Link Linking back to Units 2 & 3 What do these living process need in order to be able to work? Energy in the form of ATP How do organisms gain energy? Autotrophs convert water and CO2 into glucose which stores chemical energy in its bonds, this requires an input of energy. Heterotrophs consume other organisms for their energy needs, breaking down glucose to release the stored chemical energy and change it into ATP Metabolism The sum of the chemical reactions that take place inside living things in order to maintain life Homeostasis Tendency of a living thing to maintain a stable and balanced internal environment, “sameness” Basic Anatomical Terms Anatomy has a language of its own related to the position of body parts relative to the whole organism, and to each other: Axial - the head and trunk of the organism Appendicular - related to appendages (arms and legs) Viscera - this relates to all of the internal organs What would happen if someone or something were eviscerated? What would be left behind? Body Directions and Cavities Dorsal - back side Ventral - front side Vertebral - Related to the spine Cranial - Related to the skull Thoracic - related to the chest Abdominal - related to the abdomen Pelvic - related to the lower abdomen Diaphragm - sheet of muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities Anatomical Terminology (1) Anatomical Position - facing forwards, stood up straight, arms down with palms forwards, legs slightly apart Midline - divides the body into right and left Medial - towards the midline Lateral - away from the midline Superior (cranial) - above Inferior (caudal) - below Dorsal - the back of the organism Ventral - the front of the organism  Anatomical Terminology (2) Anterior - in front of Posterior - behind Proximal - towards the main body mass Distal - away from the main body mass Superficial - towards the surface of the organism Deep - away from the surface of the organism  Practice: Anatomical Terminology Online Activity Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31339201  Anatomical Terminology (3) Planes of the body - think about how this relates to dissection… Coronal (frontal) Plane - divides front from to back Sagittal (median) Plane - divides left from right Axial (horizontal) Plane - divides top from bottom Next time you cut your food, try to think of these planes to help you remember! The following slides are practice. We strongly encourage you to do them repeatedly so you learn the vocabulary. Stay ahead of the vocab!!!! Practice - drag and drop the terms to the correct locations. diaphragm Practice - drag and drop the terms to the correct locations. Practice - drag and drop the terms to the correct dorsal locations. midline ventral deep superficial Label each letter with the correct term. Extension Activities Try to label the directional anatomy of the four organisms in your guided notes as completely as you can. There is no need to complete it for homework, but the practice can be useful. There is a dog, a shark, an ant, and a starfish. You are welcome to use other pictures of these organisms if you like to show different things. No prizes for Googling the answers!