Foreign Powers in Malaya (Portuguese) PDF

## Chinese Military Relations with Portugal The Malay Malacca Sultanate was a tributary state and ally to Ming Dynasty China. When Portugal conquered Malacca in 1511, the Chinese responded with violent force against the Portuguese. Following the attack, the Chinese refused to accept a Portuguese em...

## Chinese Military Relations with Portugal The Malay Malacca Sultanate was a tributary state and ally to Ming Dynasty China. When Portugal conquered Malacca in 1511, the Chinese responded with violent force against the Portuguese. Following the attack, the Chinese refused to accept a Portuguese embassy. The Chinese Imperial Government imprisoned and executed multiple Portuguese diplomatic envoys after torturing them in Guangzhou. A Malaccan envoy had informed the Chinese of the Portuguese seizure of Malacca, to which the Chinese responded with hostility toward the Portuguese. The Malaccan envoy told the Chinese of the Portuguese seizure of Malacca, which the Chinese responded to with hostility toward the Portuguese and told them the deception the Portuguese used, disguising plans for conquering territory as mere trading activities. Due to the Malaccan Sultan lodging a complaint against the Portuguese invasion to the Chinese Emperor, the Portuguese were very "unwelcoming" to the Portuguese. The Malaccan Sultan, based in Bintan, after fleeing Malacca, sent a message to the Chinese which combined with Portuguese banditry and violent activity in China, led the Chinese authorities to execute 23 Portuguese and torture the rest of them in jails. After the Portuguese set up posts for trading in China and committed piratical activities and raids in China, the Chinese completely responded with the extermination of the Portuguese in Ningbo and Guangzhou. Pires, a Portuguese trade envoy, was among those who died in the Chinese dungeons. However, with gradual improvement of relations and aid given against the Wokou pirates along China's shores, by 1557, Ming China finally agreed to allow the Portuguese to settle at Macao. Chinese traders boycotted Malacca after it fell under Portuguese control and some Chinese in Java assisted in Muslim attempts to reconquer the city from Portugal using ships. The Java Chinese participation in retaking Malacca was recorded in "The Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon". The Chinese traders did business with the Malays and ...