Speech Principles and Types PDF

Speech - a spoken expression of ideas, opinions, etc., that is made by someone who is speaking in front of a group of people PRINCIPLES OF WRITING A. Choosing a Topic Should be timely, relatable, and interesting Timely answers the question, 'Is it sensible as of the moment?' Relata...

Speech - a spoken expression of ideas, opinions, etc., that is made by someone who is speaking in front of a group of people PRINCIPLES OF WRITING A. Choosing a Topic Should be timely, relatable, and interesting Timely answers the question, 'Is it sensible as of the moment?' Relatable answers the question, 'will my audience have even a little background information about my topic?' Interesting answers the question, 'Is it appealing from my perspective?' B. Analyzing your audience - The more information you are able to gather from your target audience and elements related to them, the more you would easily be able to adapt to their needs. TYPES OF ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE 1. Demographic - general profile of your audience example: age, gender, culture, occupation, religion, education, and group membership 2. Psychographic - perceptions of your audience Example: values, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, interest and needs, pre existing notions (you), and pre existing notions (topic) 3. Situational - environment or setting Example: physical setting, size, occasion, voluntary, and captive C. Outlining & organizing your speech GENERAL PURPOSE: Can either be to inform, entertain, persuade, or inspire SPECIFIC PURPOSE: The main idea KEY MAIN POINTS TO DISCUSS D. Sourcing the information -seek reliable references -provide supporting information -extract important points -ethical information must be sought -cite resources -head start with good note taking PARTS OF A SPEECH A. INTRODUCTION- this is the preview/ attention getter and directs the audience towards the purpose. Introduction techniques: Ask rhetorical question, Cite a biblical passage, Use a quote, Sing lines/recite a poem, Tell an anecdote, Use a startling statement, Use a narrative B. WRITING THE BODY OF A SPEECH Contains the main points Expounds the main points with examples, evidences, arguments, or illustrations C. WRITING THE CONCLUSION Recaps important points May provide a clincher for them to think of Summarize Key points Provide insights on the implications of your speech End with a though provoking statement SPEECH TYPES A. Purpose -- Speeches according to intention 1. Expository -- to inform 2. Inspirational -- to uplift one's emotion 3. Persuasive- to call for action 4. Special Occasion -- to honor an important event B. Delivery -- Speeches according to execution 1. Manuscript - the speaker has a copy of the script during speech delivery 2. Memorized - the speaker knows the speech by heart 3. Impromptu - the speaker comes up with a speech on the dot 4. Extemporaneous - the speaker is given a few minutes to prepare before delivery PERSUASIVE A symbolic process where communicators convince others to change their attitudes/ behavior on an issue through a transmitted message in an atmosphere of free choice. Aristotle conveyed three important elements of persuasive speaking: The means of producing persuasion -- or the persuasive strategies The language The proper arrangement of the various parts of speech -- or the organizational patterns TYPES OF PROPOSITION Proposition - is an assertion that clearly states your position or your take on certain issues. 1. Proposition of fact - These are verifiable assertions that focus on whether or not an idea, object, or phenomenon exists, true or untrue. 2. Proposition of value - When you state a proposition of value, you express and reveal your personal beliefs. You take an evaluative stance, a value claim, or a moral judgment, such as whether or not you find a belief, condition, phenomenon, or action good or bad, right or wrong, unethical or not, just or unjust. 3. Proposition of policy - Propositions of policy advocate whether a particular course of action be undertaken or not, continued or discontinued, or changed. PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES 1. Ethos - is a Greek word referring to the character that defines a particular community, culture, country, or ideology. - Ethos is not about demonstrating that you are a good person, but it is mirroring qualities a particular group considers of value and by showing that you make reasonable choices. 2. Logos - is the logical manner you prove your main idea through your arguments. 3. Pathos - refers to your ability to make a strong emotional connection with your audience. IMPROMPTU - This is known as 'off-the-cuff' or 'the spur-of-the moment' delivery. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPROMPTU SPEECH 1. Make use of the p-r-e-p method (point, reason, example, point) 2. Focus on answering the --wh questions 3. Frame your answers by talking about the past, present, and future. 4. Start by talking briefly about the issue, provide the pros and cons. Then end with your opinion. EXPOSITORY \- Expository speaking aims to enhance the audience\'s understanding of a topic, maintain their interest, and improve their ability to remember the information presented. Speeches of Definition- Focus on defining a concept or term. Speeches of Demonstration/Process- Show how to do something or how a process works. Speeches of Description- Provide a detailed description of a person, place, object, or event. Speeches of Explanation- Clarify and explain a concept or idea to deepen understanding.