Food Groups and Their Nutrients PDF

FOOD GROUPS AND THEIR NUTRIENTS NUT 201: Introduction to Food and Nutrition (I) Anuoluwapo F. Taiwo Department of Human Nutrition University of Ibadan Learning Objectives At the end of this topic, students should be able to : Explain the Foo...

FOOD GROUPS AND THEIR NUTRIENTS NUT 201: Introduction to Food and Nutrition (I) Anuoluwapo F. Taiwo Department of Human Nutrition University of Ibadan Learning Objectives At the end of this topic, students should be able to : Explain the Food group concept and the principle behind putting foods in food groups Describe the various food groups and the major nutrients they supply Categorize foods into food groups Food Group Concept Food Group is a system of classifying foods into groups based on their nutrient composition. Foods with similar type or amount of nutrients are put in the same group. Foods in the same group may also possess similar biological properties. Why Food Groups? Several nutrients are required by the body in varying amount to support good health We don’t eat nutrients but foods No single food supplies all nutrients in the same proportion and in the quantity needed by the body for optimum health The classification of foods into food groups gives a simple guide to make healthy dietary choices. Examples of Food Guides Examples of Food guides Food Group Classification There are various food group classifications based on the purpose for which it is intended. For the purpose of this lecture we will be using the Food group classification in the West Africa Food Composition Table (WFCT) 13 food groups and nutrients they provide Food Groups 1. Cereals 8. Legumes 2. Starchy tubers and roots 9. Nuts and Seeds 3. Vegetables 10. Milk and products 4. Fruits 11. Oils and Fats 5. Meat and Poultry 12. Beverages 6. Eggs 13. Sweets 7. Fish and other seafood Cereals and their products Includes foods such as rice, maize, wheat, millet, guinea corn, oats, bread, semolina, noodles, spaghetti, cornflakes ….. Nutrient(s) supplied: Carbohydrate, some protein, B- vitamins, dietary fibre https://healthy-kids.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/ComplexCarbohydrateFamily.jpg Starchy Tubers, Roots and their products Includes Yam, Cassava, Potatoes, Cocoyam, Plantain, Gari, Amala, Fufu…. Major Nutrient(s) supplied: Carbohydrate, dietary fibre https://fineartamerica.com/featured/1-starchy-tubers-scimat.html https://netimaonline.com/product/5-tubers-of-white-yam-medium-size/ Vegetables and their products Includes Leafy Vegetables: Spinach, Bitter leaf, waterleaf, Amaranthus (Tete), Ewedu…. Non-leafy vegetables: Tomatoes, Okro, Garden egg, cucumber, onions, Peppers, carrots…. Major Nutrient(s) supplied: Vitamins and https://9jafoods.com/vegetable-farming-profitable-vegetables-to-grow-in-nigeria/ Minerals, dietary fibre Fruits and their products Includes orange, banana, watermelon, pineapple, apple, tangerine, grape, mango….. Major nutrient(s) supplied: vitamins and minerals, dietary fibre https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/nigerian-fruit-market-bananas- watermelons-pineapples-730966474 Meat, Poultry and their products Includes beef, mutton, organ meat(liver, kidney, intestine), chicken, turkey, pork, sausages…. Nutrient(s) supplied: Protein, fat, vitamins and minerals (vitamin A, B-vitamins, calcium, zinc, iron, folate) https://www.simplyfresh.info/food-safety/handling-meat-poultry-safely/ Eggs Includes all eggs from birds: chicken egg, guinea fowl egg, quail egg, turkey egg… Nutrient(s) supplied: Protein, B- vitamins Fish and its Products Includes all kinds of fish(fresh, iced, dried) such as catfish, mackerel, Hake, Croaker, crab, prawns…. Nutrient(s) supplied: Protein, calcium, B-vitamins, Iron https://www.pinterest.com/pin/303359724902439202/ https://www.smartshopng.online/assorted-dry-fish-2 Legumes and their products Includes Cowpea, Soybeans, Peas, Kidney Beans Major nutrient(s) supplied: Protein and some amount of carbohydrate https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/55808 Nuts, Seeds and their product Includes Peanut, Bambara nut (Ogbonno), Melon seed (Egusi), Sesame, Flaxseed, Chia seed, Cashew nut, Almond nut… Major nutrient(s) supplied: Protein and some amount of carbohydrate https://www.superchargedfood.com/news/nuts-and-seeds/ Milk and Milk products Includes Milk from Mammals (cow, goat, sheep..), Yoghurt, Cheese… Nutrient(s) supplied: Protein, Calcium, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Potassium https://healthy-kids.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Calciumfamily.jpg Oils and Fats Includes Butter, Margarines, Salad dressing, Palm oil, Vegetable oil (groundnut, Soybean, canola)... Nutrient(s) Supplied: Lipids, (Vitamin A, E, D especially for fortified oils) https://nairametrics.com/2018/07/05/vegetable-brands-in-nigeria-market/ https://guardian.ng/features/agro-care/requirements-of-marketing-high-quality-palm-oil-in- cities/ Sweets Includes pastry products like cakes, doughnuts, cookies, biscuits, chocolates, candies, jellies, sugar, honey, syrups, ice-cream….. Nutrient(s) supplied: simple carbohydrate, trans fat, saturated fat Beverages Includes water, tea, coffee, cocoa drinks, Alcoholic drinks, Juice. nutrient(s) supplied: some vitamins and minerals Summary The more you eat foods from the various food groups, the more likely you are able to meet your nutrient needs A healthy food choice is one that involves more food groups that supplies various nutrients  A B Class Activity How many Food groups can you identify in A, B,C C  A B Class Activity How many Food groups can you identify in A, B,C C  A Class Activity How many Food groups can you identify in A and C C Food Log Assignment Keep a food log for 3 days For each day, record the foods and drinks consumed for breakfast lunch and dinner. Record the approximate weight of total foods and drinks consumed per meal Calculate and record the total calories from each meal Record the food group Food Log Assignment Date Meal Type Meal Name Meal total Meal Total Food group weight calories code(s) 09/10/2023 Breakfast 09/10/2023 Lunch 09/10/2023 Dinner 10/10/2023 Breakfast 10/10/2023 Lunch 10/10/2023 Dinner 11/10/2023 Breakfast 11/10/2023 Lunch 11/10/2023 Dinner References Rolfes S.R., Pinna K., Whitney E. (2012). Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition, Ninth Edition, Cengage Learning. Smolin L.A., Grosvenor M.B. (2010). Nutrition: Science and Applications 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations(2013). Guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity. http://www.fao.org/3/i1983e/i1983e.pdf