Fluid Balance & Electrolytes -Class Presentation 2_.pptx

FLUID BALANCE & ELECTROLYTES CHP. 10 NURS 303 Body Fluid Approximately 60% of typical adult is Varies with age, Intracellular fluid 2/3 of body fluid, fluid (water and body fat, gender (fluid in cells) skeletal muscle mass electro...

FLUID BALANCE & ELECTROLYTES CHP. 10 NURS 303 Body Fluid Approximately 60% of typical adult is Varies with age, Intracellular fluid 2/3 of body fluid, fluid (water and body fat, gender (fluid in cells) skeletal muscle mass electrolytes) Intravascular (fluid within blood Extracellular fluid Interstitial (fluid that Transcellular: vessels): plasma, (fluid outside the surrounds the cell): cerebrospinal, erythrocytes, cells) lymph pericardial, synovial leukocytes, thrombocytes  What are Electrolytes? Active chemicals in the body that carry positive (cations) and negative (anions) electrical charges Cations- Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Hydrogen Anions- Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate, This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA. Sulfate These concentrations differ in Intracellular Fluid (ICF) and Extracellular Fluid (ECF) Regulation of Fluid Osmosis: area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration Movement of fluid through capillary walls depends on Hydrostatic pressure: exerted on walls of blood vessels Osmotic pressure: exerted by protein in plasma Direction of fluid movement depends on differences of hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC. Simple Nursing Video Log on Simple Nursing Video Library Medical Surgical Fluid & Electrolytes Adult Health Fluid Balance Play- Osmosis, Diffusion, Filtration 4:24 mins Consider – Test Your Knowledge Quiz Pass out Cards!!!  Homeostatis - Card 1 Maintaining body fluid within normal limits Posterior pituitary gland regulates water by release of ADH Adrenal Cortex regulates sodium by releasing aldosterone Sodium changes the osmotic pressure – followed by H2O This is the mechanism that triggers thirst This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.  Fluid Volume Disturbances Fluid volume Fluid volume excess deficit (FVD)= (FVE)=Hypervole Hypovolemia mia FVD & Dehydration- Card 2 Loss of ECF more than intake ration of water Electrolytes lost in same proportion as normal body fluids Dehydration * Not the same as FVD * Means it is loss of water alone= increased serum sodium CORRECT CARD 2- Diagnostic Findings- Increased Sodium levels! This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.  Causes of FVD Abnormal Fluid Loss- vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI suctioning Decreased intake- nausea, lack of access to fluid Third space shift- burns, ascites Other causes- Diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, hemorrhage This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA. Nursing Management of FVD- Card 3 Hospitalized patients- IV Restore Fluid Try oral route fluids are need I&O Loss first to replace sodium Monitor Labs Cardiac, Monitor vital (sodium, urine Neuro, Skin signs (postural Daily weights specific gravity, changes hypotension) H &H ) FVE- Hypovolemia-Overhydration- Card 4 Expansion of ECF Secondary to an caused by the increase in the abnormal total-body sodium retention of water content and sodium Causes of FVE- Overhydration- Card 4 HEART FAILURE, DECREASED KIDNEY CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER MAY BE TO INGESTING EXCESS ADMINISTRATION FUNCTION, EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF OF SODIUM-CONTAINING TABLE SALT OR FOODS FLUIDS CONTAINING HIGH SALT  Edema & weight gain Distended Neck Veins- Increased JVD Crackles in lungs, difficulty breathing Clinical Confusion- change in LOC Manifestations Muscle cramping of FVE- Card 4 Nausea Cerebral edema Labs- Hyponatremia, decreased BUN, Low H&H Nursing Management FVE- Card 5 Assess for weight gain Monitor I & O Assess cardiac, respiratory and LOC Administer Diuretics per provider's orders Dialysis Dietary restriction of sodium Simple Nursing Log on to Simple Nursing (Stay in Fluid Balance videos) Video Library Medical Surgical Fluid & Electrolytes Fluid Balance Play- Manifestations and Signs and Symptoms 11:54 *Consider Test Your Knowledge Quiz WHAT IV FLUIDS DO WE USE FOR WHAT?? This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA. Types of IV Fluids- Isotonic Iso Perfect! Equal in concentration Adds volume Used for blood transfusions, hemorrhaging, DKA 0.9% NaCl (called normal saline; NS) Lactated RInger's (LR)  Low Osmolarity than body fluids Types of Hippo Tonic IV Fluids- Used for Hypernatremia/ Cellular Dehydration Caution- Give slowly to avoid cellular edema Hypotoni Not for increased intercranial pressure (ICP) c 0.4% NaCl (½ NS) D5W ¼ NS  Higher Ismolarity High and Dry than Body Types of Fluids IV Fluids- Thick and salty Used to draw fluids out of Hypertoni solutions the cells c Give slowly to 3% NS; 5%NS; D10 prevent fluid W; D5 ½ NS; shifts (FVO) D5LR Simple Nursing Stay in Fluid Balance Play Tonicity of Fluids 8:38 *Consider Test Your Knowledge Quiz *IV Fluid Case Studies Electrolytes Review Cards 6-21 Simple Nursing Video Video Library Medical/ Surgical Fluid and Electrolytes Adult Health Electrolyte Test Help and Memory Tricks Electrolyte Values and Function- Red Carpet More Activities Simple Nursing Videos Video Library Medical/Surgical Pathophys- Electrolyte Case Fluid and Electrolyte Adult Health Electrolyte Test Help and Memory Tricks Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphate 2 Min Electrolyte Wrap Up Kahoot!