Finals Tables - Anatomy PDF

1) to support the body weight Foot has two important functions: 2) to serve as a lever to propel the body forward in walking and running...

1) to support the body weight Foot has two important functions: 2) to serve as a lever to propel the body forward in walking and running Three anatomical and functional zones Arches Of The Foot Sole Muscles HIP JOINT Abductor hallucis Hindfoot Midfoot Forefoot Medial longitudinal Lateral longitudinal Transverse arches 2 Groups LIGAMENTS Origin Insertion Orientation Description 1st LAYER Flexor digitorum brevis Talus & calcaneus navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms metatarsals and phalanges Keystone: Talus Cuboid Cuneiforms (intermediate) Transverse acetabular ligament... acetabulum notch... INTRACAPSULAR abductor digiti minimi Staples at inferior edge: Plantar ligaments Long & short plantar ligaments Deep transverse ligament Ligamentum teres femoral head to acetabulum Quadratus Differences!!! HIP JOINT KNEE JOINT Plantar aponeurosis, medial part of Plantar aponeurosis, aBd DM, Peroneus longus Iliofemoral ligament AIIS Intertrochanteric line Inverted “Y”-shaped Strongest; Prevents overextension during standing Tie beam: Lumbricals Type of Joint: Synovial ball & socket Hinge Joint (Hyaline cart.) FDB & FDL, aBductor H, FHL, FHB lateral half of FDL & FDB EXTRACAPSULAR Pubofemoral ligament Superior pubic rami Intertrochanteric line Triangular shaped Prevents excessive abduction and extension 2nd LAYER Flexor digitorum longus tendon 1) Femoral condyle TIbialis anterior & posterior, Peroneus longus & brevis Peroneus longus & brevis "IPIS" Ischiofemoral ligament Body of the ischium Greater trochanter Spiral orientation prevents hyperextension Suspension from Above: Flexor hallucis longus tendon Composition: 2) Patella medial ligament of ankle Flexor hallucis brevis 3) Tibial plateau 3rd LAYER aDDuctor hallucis 1) Iliofemoral ligament Medial Collateral Ligament Flexor digiti minimi Ligaments: 2) Pubofemoral ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament Interossei 3) Ischiofemoral ligament Dorsal (4) 4th LAYER Plantar (3) Fibularis longus tendon Tibialis posterior tendon Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum longus Arteries of the Foot Tibial Artery "Toms Dick And Nervous Harry" Tibial Nerve Flexor Hallucis Longus HIP JOINT Synovial ball & socket Articulation: b/n head of femur & acetabulum 2 Groups Ligamentum teres INTRACAPSULAR Transverse acetabular ligament Iliofemoral ligament EXTRACAPSULAR Pubofemoral ligament "IPIS" Ischiofemoral ligament Femoral Nerve (front&back) + supply skin Obturator Nerve (both hip & bone) Sciatic Nerve Medial circumflex femoral Artery MAJOR ; Damage = avascular necrosis Lateral circumflex femoral Artery Primary function: to weight-bear Movements: Iliopsoas Rectus femoris Flexion Sartorius Pectineus G. maximus semimembranosus Extension semitendinosus biceps femoris (the hamstrings) G. medius G. minimus Abduction Sartorius Piriformis Tensor fascia latae ADDuctors Longus, Brevis, Magnus Abduction Pectineus Gracilis Biceps femoris G. maximus Lateral rotation Piriformis Assisted by the Obturators, Gemilli and Quadratus femoris Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus Medial rotation Tensor fascia latae Trendelenburg sign Clinical correlation: - G. medius & G. minimus = aBductors KNEE JOINT Hinge Joint (Hyaline cart.) 1) Femoral condyle Composition: 2) Patella 3) Tibial plateau Patellar tendon (4) Quadriceps Patella for bone extension !!!! INTRA-ARTICULAR STRUCTURES !!!! (side to side motion) Medial Meniscus → Cushion Lateral Meniscus Medial Collateral Ligament → medial condyle of femur ; TIBIA Lateral Collateral Ligament → Lateral condyle of femur ; FIBULA Cruciate Ligaments → prevents posterior displacement Anterior Cruciate Ligament → attaches to Lateral → prevents anterior displacement Posterior Cruciate Ligament → attaches to Medial "LAMP" LFC = ACL ; MFC = PCL Force aBd = Medial Clinical correlation: Force aDD = Lateral MCL forced ABD of the knee will tear? SHAPES Acetabulum → horseshoe shaped Medial Meniscus / Menisci (n.) → C shaped Iliofemoral ligament → Y shaped Pubofemoral → triangular shaped Surface Anatomy Gluteal region Thigh Four Regions Leg Foot Talus Calcaneous Navicular Tarsal Bones Medial Cuneiform "Tiger Cub Needs MILC" Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform Cuboid