Finals Reviewer: Earth and Life Sciences (PDF)

processes is responsible for the creation of new individuals in organisms is reproduction the primary purpose of mitosis in cells is to allow for growth and tissue repair\ \ the basic unit of reproduction in most living organisms is cell\ \ sexual reproduction, where two plants exchange genetic mat...

processes is responsible for the creation of new individuals in organisms is reproduction the primary purpose of mitosis in cells is to allow for growth and tissue repair\ \ the basic unit of reproduction in most living organisms is cell\ \ sexual reproduction, where two plants exchange genetic material to create offspring.\ \ a population of rabbits shows significant variation in coat color, but one color is much more common than others. over several generations, the coat color becomes more uniform. the explanations best accounts for this change is natural selection, where rabbits with the more common coat color have a better chance of survival and reproduction. during a study of plant reproduction, a scientist observes that some flowers are cross-pollinated while others self-pollinate. after several generations, the plants that cross-pollinate show greater genetic diversity. the factors is most responsible for this result is genetic recombination, which introduces new combinations of genes in cross-pollinated plants. after observing two populations of frogs in different environments, a biologist concludes that one population has better survival rates than the other due to its ability to adapt to temperature fluctuations. the most valid reason to support the biologist\'s conclusion is the population that survives better shows a wider range of genetic variation, enabling it to adapt more effectively to environmental changes. considered one of the unifying themes of life in biology is all organisms are composed of cells.\ \ theme of biology explains how organisms change over generations to become better suited to their environment is evolution a biologist observes that two species of birds rely on the same tree for nesting and food. this is an example of which unifying theme of life of interdependence of organisms\ \ a group of scientists observes that an invasive species has caused a decline in the population of native plants by consuming large quantities of their food sources. unifying theme of life is most directly related to this observation is interdependence of organisms\ \ scientists discovered a microorganism living in highly acidic hot springs. it has unique proteins that allow it to survive extreme heat and acidity, which are harmful to most life forms. this discovery highlight the theme of \"adaptation and evolution\" in life by it shows that natural selection allows organisms to survive in challenging environments. feedback mechanisms, such as sweating in humans to regulate body temperature, are essential to maintaining homeostasis. likely happen if this mechanism failed in a hot environment when the body would overheat, leading to potential damage or death. internal fertilization provides greater protection for developing embryos from environmental factors and predators. b. in some reptiles, internal fertilization occurs, and the eggs develop inside the female but are not nourished by a placenta. instead, the embryos rely on the yolk within the egg. this strategy affect the evolutionary potential of the species in response to changing environmental conditions by the species will evolve to increase yolk reserves, ensuring better survival rates for the embryos. the babies of viviparous animals develop differently from those of ovoviviparous animals is viviparous babies get food from the mother and develop more inside her, so they are born more fully developed. in a food chain, the organism is most likely to be at the top is carnivores relationship occurs when one organism benefits while the other is harmed is parasitism an example of a negative interaction in an ecosystem is predation in a food chain, decomposers occupy breaking down organic matter at all levels the human body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. for example, when body temperature rises during exercise, sweat is produced to cool the skin. this characteristic of life represent adaptation\ \ type of reproduction do animals produce offspring that are genetic clones of the parent is asexual reproduction animals reproduces through parthenogenesis is sharks term describes animals that give birth to live young but do not use a placenta to nourish them is ovoviviparous in a zoo, a reptile species is observed to reproduce without the presence of a male. offspring are clones of mother. reproductive strategy is being demonstrated by parthenogenesis\ \ in a lab experiment, scientists observe that starfish can regenerate lost limbs and, in some cases, grow into a new individual from a severed arm. the reproductive strategy is fragmentation in an agricultural setting, earthworms are known to enhance soil fertility. these organisms are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive organs. this benefit their reproduction by it ensures that any two individuals can reproduce together compare the reproductive strategies of oviparous reptiles and viviparous mammals. the strategy is more advantageous in environments with high predator density because viviparous, because offspring are born developed and mobile. the following interactions occurs when one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed is commensalism a fish farm in pangasinan promotes the breeding of bangus (milkfish) with controlled water temperature and conditions for external fertilization. this affect the fertilization process by external fertilization would be enhanced, as the controlled environment provides optimal conditions for egg and sperm release a coconut tree in the philippines has ants living in its crown, and these ants protect the tree from herbivores in exchange for shelter and food. this is mutualism -- both the ants and the coconut tree benefit the construction of a dam in a river in the philippines alters water flow and temperature, affecting fish migration. the most effective way to evaluate the ecological impact of this dam is measure the decline in fish populations and their migration patterns before and after the dam's construction the relationship between certain fungi and the roots of trees in the philippines\' rainforests is an example of type of symbiosis of mutualism, as fungi provide nutrients to the trees while gaining sugars in return the definition of biotic potential is the maximum rate at which a population can increase under ideal conditions. an example of environmental resistance is a predator-prey relationship that regulates population sizes interdependence in ecosystems refers to the reliance of organisms on each other for survival. the best describes how this interdependence functions in a forest ecosystem is energy and nutrients are transferred through various species interactions, from producers to consumers and decomposers predation is a significant interaction in ecosystems. how does predation, despite being harmful to individual prey organisms, contribute to the overall interdependence and health of an ecosystem? by controlling the population of prey species, predation helps maintain species balance, preventing overgrazing and resource depletion abiotic factors such as temperature, water availability, and light interact with biotic factors to influence the interdependence of species within an ecosystem by the availability of abiotic resources directly impacts the health of biotic organisms, altering their interactions and interdependence in response to changes in the environment a food chain represents energy flow in a single direction, while a food web illustrates the interconnectedness of multiple food chains. the overfishing of tuna in the waters surrounding the philippines has led to a significant decline in tuna populations. the impact might this have on the food web of the philippine seas is the population of smaller fish and plankton will increase, as they are no longer preyed upon by tuna a species of tree in a philippine forest has high biotic potential. however, due to limited space, the trees compete for sunlight and water. how does this competition affect the tree\'s biotic potential? competition will decrease the tree\'s reproductive rate and limit its growth\ \ in a philippine rainforest, a species of bird is introduced to a new area with abundant food, no predators, and suitable nesting sites. the most likely outcome for this species in terms of its biotic potential is the bird population will increase rapidly because of the favorable environmental conditions and high reproductive rate technology is essential to the development of the cell theory is microscope part of the microscope holds the objective lenses and can be rotated to change magnification is nosepiece the function of the objective lens in a microscope is to magnify the specimen if you are observing a sample of human tissue under a microscope, and you notice uneven lighting with dark areas obscuring the specimen, the likely issue is the condenser lens is too far from the stage and needs to be adjusted to focus the light properly.