Introduction to Biology Questions PDF

Introduction to Biology Science of Life 1. Approximately how long ago did life arise on earth? 3.5 billion years ago 2. Describe the first organisms. Single celled 3. Organisms change or __________ evolve over long periods of time. 4. Today, milli...

Introduction to Biology Science of Life 1. Approximately how long ago did life arise on earth? 3.5 billion years ago 2. Describe the first organisms. Single celled 3. Organisms change or __________ evolve over long periods of time. 4. Today, millions of _________ species of organisms exist on earth. 5. The ________ cell is the basis unit of life and makes up all _____________. organisms 6. _____________ unicellular organisms are made of a single cell and are genetically ___________ identical to their parent cell. 7. Many-celled organisms are known are called _______________ Multicellular and they may be made of ___________ different types of cells. 8. What is true about the size of most cells? Cells are small 9. Are cells organized? Cells are highly organized 10. Specialized structures in cells are called _____________. organelles 11. what surrounds all cells? Plasma membrane 12. All cells must contain a set of ______________ genetic instructions or DNA. 13. Organisms maintain stable internal conditions called ______________. homeostasis 14. Name 4 things that organisms must keep stable or balanced. 4 things that organisms must keep stable are water content, chemical content, temperature, and food. 15. For a species to continue, some of its members must be able to _____________ reproduce and pass on their traits to their ______________. Offspring 16. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonuleic Acid 17. DNA's instructions are called __________ genes and code for the complex ____________ necessary for life. proteins 18. ___________ Somatic cells or body cells each have a full set of _________ genes or hereditary material. 19. ____________ Sexual reproductions combines hereditary information from _____ both parents. 20. When an sperm and egg join, a fertilized egg or __________ zygote forms and contains DNA from ________ both parents. 21. In ___________ asexual reproduction, only a single parent cell reproduces and the new cells are genetically _____________ identical to each other and the original cell. 22. _____________, Populations of organisms not individual organisms, change or evolve over many generations. 23. ____________ Natural ___________ Selection is the driving force for evolution. 24. According to natural selection, which individuals in a population are more likely to survive and be able to reproduce? Organisms in a pouplation with favorable traits are more likely to survive and be able to reproduce 25. A change in population due to the survival & reproduction of organisms with favorable traits is known as what? A change in population due to this is known as, survival of the fittest. 26. Define ecology. Interactions with organisms and their environment is known as ecology. 27. Name 3 things that organisms need from their environment. 3 things that organisms need from their environment are food, water, and a shelter to live in. Matter, Energy, & Organization 28. Organisms require a constant supply of ____________. energy 29. The _________ sun directly or indirectly supplies the energy for living things. 30. ______________ Photosynthesis is the process of capturing sunlight and changing it into stored ____________ chemical energy for organisms. 31. __________ Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food. 32. _____________ Phototrophs use _________ solar energy for photosynthesis converting _________ H20 and _______ CO2 into sugar and __________. O2 33. ______________ Chemotrophs use chemicals to get energy. 34. Organisms that can't make their own food are known as _____________ heterotrophs and may be __________ herbivores eating autotrophs, ______________ carnivores eating other heterotrophs, or ______________eating omnivores both autotrophs and heterotrophs to get energy. World of Biology 35. The size of an organism depends on the ___________ number of cells that make it up and not the _______ size of the cells. 36. Organelles are cell structures that carry out different ___________ functions for the cell. 37. The sum of all the chemical processes in an organism is called _____________. metabolism 38. _________ Energy is needed for all metabolic processes including growth and reproduction. 39. Homeostasis is when an organism maintains stable ____________ internal conditions internal conditions such as body temperature. 40. Name 2 processes that result in the growth of an organism. 2 processes that result in the growth of an organism is cell division and cell enlargement. 41. All new cells develop from ______________ preexisting cells. 42. New cells ___________ enlarge as they mature. 43. The process of an organism becoming an adult is called ______________ development and involves numerous cell ____________ divisions and cell _______________. differentiation 44. Do all members of a species have to be able to reproduce for the species to continue? All members of a species have to be able to reproduce for the species to continue 45. Organisms respond to ____________ stimuli from their environment such as light, __________, sound heat, and touch. Scientific Method 46. The scientific method begins with _____________ observations that involves using your senses to perceive objects or events in the natural world. 47. Based on their observations and questioning, scientists make a ________________ hypothesis that can tested through experimentation. 48. Hypothesis may have to be ___________ reworked after an experiment is done if it is NOT supported by the data. 49. Testing a hypothesis must be done in a ______________ controlled experiment that includes a control group that can be compared to an ______________ experimental group. 50. How many factors may be different between the control group & experimental group? Both groups are identital aside from one factor. 51. What is this one factor called? This one factor is called the independent variable. 52. The ___________ dependent variable is measured in both groups. 53. Information collected in an experiment is called ___________. data 54. When numerical data is collected, it is called _____________ quantitative data data. 55. _____________ Sampling may be used when the population size is too large for the experiment. 56. Collected data must be organized into ___________, charts ____________, tables or graphs. 57. A ___________ theory may be formed from many related hypotheses that have been tested & support the evidence. 58. When scientists complete their experiments they must _________ compare their work with other scientists. 59. Scientific work may be printed in scientific ____________ journals or presented as papers as scientific ______________. meetings