FINAL Unit 3 Information Literacy and Ethical Uses of Information PDF

UNIT 3: Information Literacy Table of Contents Introduction 2 Lesson 1: Information Literacy Jump Start 4 Learn about It! 5...

UNIT 3: Information Literacy Table of Contents Introduction 2 Lesson 1: Information Literacy Jump Start 4 Learn about It! 5 Check Your Understanding 8 Explore and Create! 9 Lesson 2: Ethical Uses of Information Jump Start 10 Learn about It! 10 Check Your Understanding 14 Explore and Create! 15 Let’s Create! 16 Self-Check 18 Wrap Up 18 Bibliography 19 Answers to Check Your Understanding 20 Glossary 22 GRADE 11/12 |Media Information and Literacy UNIT 3 Information Literacy Imagine being in a new school. Everything is unknown to you. How do you familiarize yourself with your new environment? How do you get to know everything and anyone around you? All these information are important for you to to survive in your new environment. We learned that all processed data in a broad sense is considered information. These can be gained through inquiry, experience, education, signs, and symbols. Now, one may think that getting information is easy. However, we always have to consider if the information we get is true and valid. Being able to look for the right information in an effective way is a skill that everyone should have. Fig. 1. Knowing the correct and appropriate way of looking for information is a life skill. What would be the questions on your mind on your first day of school? How would you get the answers you need? 2  Learning Targets In this unit, you should be able to: Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize and communicate information. Demonstrate ethical use of information. 3  Lesson 1: Information Literacy What questions do we ask to get the right information needed? How do we check the accuracy of the information? Jump Start Star Reporter You are given an opportunity to write a feature article about a very important person in your life, alive or dead. What details will you present?” In a small piece of paper, write as many information as you can about the person. Make sure that these pieces of information will answer the Who, What, When, Where, How, and Why questions. Review the idea behind the 5Ws and 1H: Asking the “who” question helps us identify the people or persons involved in our topic. The “what” question helps us know what the topic is all about. Answering the “where” question helps us to locate a place, and the “when” to know a specific time and date. The “why” question helps us state the reasons behind the information and the “how” describes to us the way or manner in which things are done. The purpose of these questions helps us gather important information needed in any topic. Group into pairs and share your features to each other. Process the activity by asking these questions: What were the most surprising and memorable details about the information presented by your partner? Was your partner able to give you a good background about the person? Why or why not? Did your partner answer all the questions you have in mind about the person he or she chose? Why or why not? 4  Do you think the information your partner presented to you is valid, correct, and true? How so? Learn about It! Information comes from the Latin word “informare” which means, “formation of the mind or teaching”. Indeed, information is vital in our everyday communication and growth, just like how we find the need to gather information in our new environment, or how we would want to feature our favorite person. The American Library Association has defined information literacy as abilities that enable a person to “recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.”1 Sources and Information Overload With the technology nowadays, people have this sense of ease and comfortability to just search everything on the internet. But upon hitting that enter button, thousands to even a million search results appear talking about the same topic you indicated. You might even think of going into a library to make it simpler, but again, you will stumble upon a number of books, articles, and other published works that talk about your topic. The diversity and large quantity of information present in the various media platforms like libraries, community resources, different organizations and the internet, gives you an overwhelming sense of dilemma. These, sometimes, unfiltered and unchecked formats and data often raises questions on its authenticity, validity, and reliability. 1 1 American Library Association. Presidential Committee on Information Literacy. Final Report. (Chicago: American Library Association, 1989.) 5 Multimedia sources Another problem that might arise is the availability of information through multiple media like graphical, in picture form, aural, voice over or recording, and textual. This challenges a person to better comprehend and analyze it. The questions posed earlier in the discussion can be our basis for information literacy. These can be thought of Elements or Stages of Information Literacy. These ‘stages’ can also be seen as steps into becoming more information literate. Stages of Information Literacy Stages / Elements of Information Literacy 1 Identify and recognize the need for information 2 Determine different sources of information 3 Cite or research for information 4 Analyze and evaluate the quality of information 5 Organize or store information 6 Use information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way 7 Create and communicate new knowledge2 Table adapted from the CHED Teaching Guide for SHS MIL Core Subject. 2016 There are various reasons why information literacy is a life skill. The need for information updates us with current events, trends, and styles. This also helps us in learning new things in general. Information is also used to communicate new knowledge and help us in decision-making. Sources for information can come from the internet, live and recorded television, broadcast radio,library, newspapers, and many more. With the information at hand, we have the option 2 Commision on Higher Education. Teaching Guide for SHS Media Information Literacy Core Subject. (Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education, 2016.) 6 of writing it down, printing through a computer, reproducing , or storing it online. As such, the quality and accuracy of the information can be determined by making sure that it comes from a trusted source and was written by a credible writer. These gathered data can then be shared face-to-face, announced, or posted online through social media. “Information literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning.” This skill is applicable to all disciplines, in all learning fields, and levels of education. It helps us better grasp the content at hand and further analyze the information. We can become more independent and responsible to our own learning. 3 3 American Library Association. Presidential Committee on Information Literacy. Final Report. (Chicago: American Library Association, 1989.) 7  Check Your Understanding Answer the following questions. A. Arrange the statements into its correct order. Write numbers 1-5 on the left side of the table.- (5 items) Order Stages / Elements of Information Literacy Use information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way Cite or research for information Analyze and evaluate the quality of information Identify and recognize the need for information Determine different sources of information B. Application 1. Give two forms that information is presented in multimedia. 2. Share or cite an experience outside the classroom context in which you have to use multiple sources. What did you use and why did use these? How did these several sources help you achieve your objective? C. Write your answer in no more than two sentences. 1. Why is information literacy considered a life skill? 2. How can you consider information as good ? 8  Explore and Create! “Know Your Limits” Having known the different elements of information literacy, list down your ideas and give three examples to the following questions: What qualities should we look for in our sources of information to make sure they are credible and reliable? When is it an appropriate time to share information in social media? When is it a bad time? Be specific as possible and explain why. 9  Lesson 2: Ethical Uses of Information How does one act ethically? How do we handle information ethically and responsibly? Jump Start “Knowledge is Power” Do you agree to this phrase? Group yourselves according to who responded “yes” and “no”. In your groups, discuss the following questions: How would you define the meaning of this phrase? Why do you agree or disagree with this phrase? Justify your answer by giving examples. Share your answers and thoughts to the class. Learn about It! Knowledge is a collection of information gathered through individual and shared experiences and education. This can then be used in different situations, and , as we constantly gain information, we also build upon what we know -- which is the so called process of learning. Knowledge, Power, and Influence Your knowledge and access to certain types of information gives you the power to influence others. A simple post in your social media account can have multiple positive and negative consequences. Writing a research paper inspired by your favorite author and quoting his words might seem like you are honoring him. But, failing to credit the author himself has its negative consequences. Ethics and Plagiarism We are all guided by moral principles. These are rules that tell us whether an action is right or wrong. This is the basic definition of ethics. This has been taught to us by our parents, grandparents, or older siblings as we grow up. And to put it simply, using someone else’s work and labelling it as your own is considered unethical. This covers all domains of work from art, 10 written and published papers, photographs taken, music composed, and even videos produced. When we use someone else’s work as our own without giving them proper credit, it is considered plagiarism. Know When to Cite Information Generally known information or what we call common knowledge are facts and ideas that most literate people would know that does not require a reference given the nature of it. For example, it is common knowledge that the Earth rotates in its axis and revolves around the sun. On the other hand, facts and ideas that are not generally known to everyone, or the information presented are called interpreted facts. These pieces of information may vary from one place to another thus there is a need to document and cite it accordingly. These kinds of information are interpretations. For example, Many consider Lebron James as the greatest basketball player next to Michael Jordan. Quotations refer to someone’s exact words borrowed in writing. You need to enclose the statement in quotation marks and use a standard documenting style in citing your source. For example, MacArthur stated his famous line to the Filipinos, “I shall return” to connote his strong will to return to the Philippines during the onset of World War II. Oftentimes, writers opt to simply paraphrase the information they gather from different sources. When paraphrasing, one uses his own words to rephrase the same ideas from the original source. Still, proper citation is required.4 4 “Ethical Use of Information.” Ethical Use of Information Research Guide, alacarte.library.csuci.edu/subject-guide/55-Ethical-Use-of-Information 11 Following these citation rules, help us access and use other people’s ideas without devaluing their efforts. It is our moral obligation as human beings to give credit where credit is due. Legal Consequences The Philippine Copyright Law or Republic Act No. 8293, which is partly based on the US copyright law, states that any original tangible material with a known creator whether it be a written book, articles, researches, web pages, pictures or graphics in the internet or artworks are all covered by the copyright law.5 Section 193 of the Intellectual Property Code covers the rights of the copyright holder to the attribution, integrity of ownership, and protection of all their original works.6 The Fair Use Policy, allows non-profit educational institutions and libraries to use someone else’s original and copyrighted work within specific rules and guidelines.5 In the Philippines, unpublished works qualify in the fair use policy unlike in the US.6 Strategies to Avoid Plagiarism It might sound overwhelming to read the complexity of plagiarism but there are simple ways to avoid this. 1. Submit your original work. You need to cite yourself when you use your own words for a different material. 2. Enclose everything you have directly lifted from the original material in quotation 5 “Brigham Young University Copyright Licensing Office.” Copyright Basics | BYU Copyright Licensing Office, sites.lib.byu.edu/copyright/about-copyright/basics/. 6 Copyright Law of the Philippines, ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_Philippines.ht ml. 12  marks and cite the source accordingly. 3. Practice paraphrasing. Make sure you are not just rearranging the words or replacing it with its synonyms. 4. Use a journal, notebook, note cards. This is where you can put your annotated bibliographies that can be useful in organizing information. 5. Be familiar with the reference style manual assigned to your class. 6. It would not hurt to consult or get help from your professor, writing center, or the library.7 7 “Brigham Young University Copyright Licensing Office.” Copyright Basics | BYU Copyright Licensing Office, sites.lib.byu.edu/copyright/about-copyright/basics/. 13  Check Your Understanding Answer the following questions. A. Give the correct term being described in the sentence. (5 items) Term Definition This refers to using someone else’s work as your own without giving them proper credit. Using your own words to restate the same ideas from the original source. These are moral principles that tell us whether an action is right or wrong. These are generally known information. This allows the use of someone else’s original and copyrighted work within specific rules and guidelines. B. Application 1. Give one fact that is considered common knowledge. 2. What is an important step done when directly quoting your source of information? C. Write your answer in no more than two sentences. 1. How is information literacy connected to the ethical use of information? 2. How is the Copyright law in the Philippines different from that of the US? 14  Explore and Create! “Citations Done Right” Choose an editorial piece in the newspaper today. Gather all important information needed to give a brief analysis of the issue at hand. Practice the use of direct quotations and paraphrasing by citing parts of the newspaper article. Write a short opinion regarding the chosen topic. 15  Let’s Create! “ETHICAL CASE ANALYSIS” Retrieved from: https://grantwiggins.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/wiggins-mod-m-grasps-and-roles.pdf 16 Your paper will be graded according to this rubric: Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score (0-1 point) (2-3 points) (4-5 points) Content (Focus on details/events are clearly evident; it is clearly related to the topic.) Organization (Logical progression of details/events; clear transitions between ideas. Conventions (spelling, mechanics, grammar and usage) Quality of Information Presented (no plagiarism, proper citations done, with bibliography) Total Score: 17  Self-Check Please fill in the table below. I think I need more I have a minimal I am confident that I Skills understanding of it. can do this with ease. time and assistance. I can define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize and communicate information. I know how to use information in an ethical and responsible manner Wrap Up Information Literacy is a basis for lifelong learning. The Stages or Elements of Information Literacy help us become more critical when handling information. Ethics are moral guidelines that tells us whether our actions are right or wrong. It is unethical to plagiarize or take credit for someone else’s work. All original tangible works published or unpublished are protected under the Copyright Law and the Fair Use Policy of the Philippines. 18  Bibliography Works Cited @davepell, Dave Pell. “Americans Who Don't Use The Internet and Other Fascinating News on the Web.” Time, Time, 25 Sept. 2013, newsfeed.time.com/2013/09/25/americans-who-dont-have-internet-and-other-fascinatin g-news-on-the-web/. American Library Association Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final Report. 1989. “Brigham Young University Copyright Licensing Office.” Copyright Basics | BYU Copyright Licensing Office, sites.lib.byu.edu/copyright/about-copyright/basics/. Copyright Law of the Philippines, ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Copyright_la w_of_the_Philippines.html. “Ethical Use of Information.” Ethical Use of Information Research Guide, alacarte.library.csuci.edu/subject-guide/55-Ethical-Use-of-Information. Horton, Forest Woody. Understanding Information Literacy: a Primer. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2008. 19  Answers to Check Your Understanding Lesson 1: Information Literacy A. Arrange the statements into its correct order. Write numbers 1-5 on the left side of the table.- (5 items) Order Stages / Elements of Information Literacy 5 Use information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way 3 Cite or research for information 4 Analyze and evaluate the quality of information 1 Identify and recognize the need for information 2 Determine different sources of information B. Application 1. Give two forms that information is presented in multimedia. graphical (picture form), aural (voice recording), and textual 2. Share or cite an experience outside the classroom context in which you have to use multiple sources. What did you use and why did use these? How did these several sources help you achieve your objective? answers may vary C. Write your answer in no more than two sentences. 1. Why is information literacy considered a life skill? key words: a skill that can be applied in all aspects and areas of learning, fosters independence and critical thinking 2. How can you consider information as good? key words: authenticity, validity, and reliability 20 Lesson 2: Ethical Uses of Information A. Give the correct term being described in the sentence. (5 items) Term Definition plagiarism This refers to using someone else’s work as your own without giving them proper credit. paraphrasing Using your own words to restate the same ideas from the original source. ethics These are moral principles that tell us whether an action is right or wrong. common These are generally known information. knowledge Fair Use Policy This allows the use of someone else’s original and copyrighted work within specific rules and guidelines. B. Application 1. Give one fact that is considered common knowledge. *answers may vary 2. What is an important step done when directly quoting your source of information? key words: put quotation marks, cite sources C. Write your answer in no more than two sentences. 1. How is information literacy connected to the ethical use of information? possible answer/s: moral obligation to not take ownership of someone else’s ideas, being responsible to credit and cite sources accordingly 2. How is the Copyright law in the Philippines different from that of the US? possible answer/s: the Fair Use policy also covers that of unpublished works 21  Glossary Common knowledge: These are generally known information. Copyright Law: All original tangible works are covered under this law. Ethics: These are moral principles that tell us whether an action is right or wrong. Fair Use Policy: This allows the use of someone else’s original and copyrighted work within specific rules and guidelines. Information Literacy: This refers to one’s abilities that enable a person to “recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information. Paraphrasing: Rephrasing into your own words the ideas presented by your reference or source. Plagiarism: This is when you use someone else’s work as your own without giving them proper credit. Quotations: Documentation style that uses someone’s exact words in ones writing by enclosing it quotation marks. 22