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Al-Mu'minun 23:8 َن ه ُ ۡم لَِأ مَٰنَٰتِه ِ ۡم وَع َ ۡهدِه ِ ۡم رَٰع ُون َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And they who are to their trusts and their promises attentive Al-Mu'minun 23:9 َن ه ُ ۡم عَلَى صَلَوَٰتِه ِ ۡم يُحَافِظ ُون...
Al-Mu'minun 23:8 َن ه ُ ۡم لَِأ مَٰنَٰتِه ِ ۡم وَع َ ۡهدِه ِ ۡم رَٰع ُون َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And they who are to their trusts and their promises attentive Al-Mu'minun 23:9 َن ه ُ ۡم عَلَى صَلَوَٰتِه ِ ۡم يُحَافِظ ُون َ و َٱل َ ّذِي ٰ And they who carefully maintain their prayers - Al-Mu'minun 23:10 َ ُأ وْلَِٰٓئ َك هُم ُ ٱل ۡوَٰرِثُون Those are the inheritors Al-Mu'minun 23:11 َۡس ه ُ ۡم ف ِيهَا خَٰلِد ُون َ ٱل َ ّذِي َ ن يَر ِثُونَ ٱلۡفِرۡدَو Who will inherit al-Firdaus. They will abide therein eternally. Surah Furqan Al-Furqan 25:63 ض هَو ۡن ًا وِإَ ذ َا خ َا َطبَهُم ُ ٱلۡجَٰه ِلُونَ قَالُوا ْ سَل َم ًٰا ِ ٰ َ ٱلر ّحۡم َ ن ٱل َ ّذِي ِ ن يَمۡش ُونَ عَلَى ٱلَۡأ ۡر َ ُ وَعِبَاد And the servants of the Most Merciful are those who walk upon the earth easily, and when the ignorant address them [harshly], they say [words of] peace, Al-Furqan 25:64 ن يَب ِيت ُونَ ل ِر َ ّبِه ِ ۡم سُ َج ّدًا و َق ِيَٰم ًا َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And those who spend [part of] the night to their Lord prostrating and standing [in prayer] Al-Furqan 25:65 ّ َ جه َ َن ّم َۖ ِإ ن عَذ َابَهَا ك َانَ غ َرَام ًا َ َن يَق ُولُونَ ر َ َب ّنَا ٱصۡر ِۡف ع ََن ّا عَذ َاب َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And those who say, "Our Lord, avert from us the punishment of Hell. Indeed, its punishment is ever adhering; Al-Furqan 25:66 ت مُسۡتَق ًَر ّا وَمُق َام ًا ۡ َ ِإ َ ّنهَا سَٓاء Indeed, it is evil as a settlement and residence." Al-Furqan 25:67 َ ِ ن ِإ ذَٓا َأ نفَق ُوا ْ ل َ ۡم يُسۡر ِفُوا ْ و َل َ ۡم يَقۡت ُر ُوا ْ وَك َانَ بَيۡنَ ذَٰل ك ق َوَام ًا َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And [they are] those who, when they spend, do so not excessively or sparingly but are ever, between that, [justly] moderate Al-Furqan 25:68 َ ِ نَ وَم َن ي َ ۡفع َلۡ ذَٰل ك ۚ ٱلل ّه ُ ِإ َلّا ب ِٱلۡحَقّ ِ وَل َا يَزۡنُو َ َ ۡس َٱل ّتِى ح َرّم َ َٱلل ّه ِ ِإ لَٰهًا ءاخَر َ وَل َا يَقۡتُلُون َ ٱلن ّف َ و َٱل َ ّذِي َ ن ل َا ي َ ۡدع ُونَ م َ َع َ ق َأ ث َام ًا َ ۡ يَل And those who do not invoke with Allah another deity or kill the soul which Allah has forbidden [to be killed], except by right, and do not commit unlawful sexual intercourse. And whoever should do that will meet a penalty. Al-Furqan 25:69 َ َ ضع َۡف لَه ُ ٱلۡعَذ َابُ يَوۡم َ ٱلۡق ِيَٰمَة ِ و يخۡلُدۡ ف ِيه ِۦ مُهَان ًا َٰ ُ ي Multiplied for him is the punishment on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein humiliated - Al-Furqan 25:70 ٱلل ّه ُ غَف ُور ًا َرّحِيم ًا ۗ ٍ ٰ َ حسَن َ َت وَك َان َ ٱلل ّه ُ سَئَِّـاتِه ِ ۡم َ ل َ صٰلِح ًا فَُأ وْلَِٰٓئ ُ ِك يُب َ ّد َ ل ع َمَل ًا َ َ ِإ َلّا م َن ت َابَ و َءَام َ ِ ن و َعَم Except for those who repent, believe and do righteous work. For them Allah will replace their evil deeds with good. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful. Al-Furqan 25:71 ٱلل ّه ِ م َتَاب ًا َ صٰلِح ًا فِإ َ َن ّه ُۥ يَت ُوبُ ِإ لَى َ ل َ ِ وَم َن ت َابَ و َعَم And he who repents and does righteousness does indeed turn to Allah with [accepted] repentance. Al-Furqan 25:72 ُ َن ل َا يَشۡهَد ُون ٱلز ّور َ وِإَ ذ َا م ُ َّروا ْ ب َِٱلل ّغۡوِ م ُ َّروا ْ ك ِرَام ًا َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And [they are] those who do not testify to falsehood, and when they pass near ill speech, they pass by with dignity. Al-Furqan 25:73 يخ ُِر ّوا ْ عَلَيۡهَا ص ًُم ّا و َعُم ۡيَان ًا ِ ٰ َ ن ِإ ذ َا ذُك ِّر ُوا ْ بَِٔـاي َ ت ر َ ّبِه ِ ۡم ل َ ۡم َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And those who, when reminded of the verses of their Lord, do not fall upon them deaf and blind. Al-Furqan 25:74 ن يَق ُولُونَ ر َ َب ّنَا ه َۡب لَنَا م ِنۡ َأ ۡزوَٰجِنَا وَذُرّ َِي ّٰت ِنَا ق ُ َر ّة َ َأ ع ۡيُنٍ و َٱجۡ عَل ۡنَا لِل ۡم َُت ّق ِينَ ِإ م َام ًا َ و َٱل َ ّذِي And those who say, "Our Lord, grant us from among our wives and offspring comfort to our eyes and make us an example for the righteous." Al-Furqan 25:75 تح َِي ّة ً وَسَل َم ًٰا َ يج ۡز َ ۡونَ ٱل ۡغُر ۡف َة َ بِمَا صَب َر ُوا ْ و َيلُ َ ّقوۡنَ ف ِيهَا َ ُأ وْلَِٰٓئ ُ ك Those will be awarded the Chamber for what they patiently endured, and they will be received therein with greetings and [words of] peace. Al-Furqan 25:76 حس ُن َۡت مُسۡتَق ًَر ّا وَمُق َام ًا َ خَٰلِدِي َ ۚن ف ِيهَا Abiding eternally therein. Good is the settlement and residence. Al-Furqan 25:77 َ قُلۡ م َا يَعۡبَُؤا ْ بِك ُ ۡم ر َب ِ ّى لَوۡل َا د ُعَٓاُؤك ُ ْۖم فَق َ ۡد ك َ َذّب ۡتُم ۡ فَسَو ۡف يَكُونُ ل ِزَامًۢا Say, "What would my Lord care for you if not for your supplication?" For you [disbelievers] have denied, so your denial is going to be adherent. Surah An’am Surah Hujurat Al-Hujurat 49:1 ٌ ٱلل ّه َ سَم ِي ٌع عَل ِيم َ ن َ ْ ٱلل ّه ِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ و ََٱت ّق ُوا ّ َ ٱلل ّ ۚه َ ِإ َ ى َ ٓي ََأ ٰ ُ ّيهَا ٱل َ ّذِي ِ َ ن ءَام َن ُوا ْ ل َا تُق َ ّدِم ُوا ْ بَيۡنَ يَد O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His Messenger but fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing. Al-Hujurat 49:2 َتح ۡب ََط َأ عۡمَٰلُك ُ ۡم وََأ نتُم ۡ ل َا تَشۡع ُر ُون َ ض َأ ن ٍ ۡل كَج َ ۡهرِ بَعۡضِ ك ُ ۡم لِبَع ِ ۡ تجۡه َر ُوا ْ لَهُۥ ب ِٱلۡقَو َ ۡت َ ٱلن ّب ِ ِّى وَل َا ِ صو َ ٓي ََأ ٰ ُ ّيهَا ٱل َ ّذِي َ َن ءَام َن ُوا ْ ل َا تَرۡف َع ُوٓ ا ْ َأ صۡ وَٰتَك ُ ۡم فَو ۡق O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not. Al-Hujurat 49:3 ۡ َى لَه ُم َمّغۡف ِرَة ٌ وََأ ٌ جر ٌ عَظ ِيم ۚ ٱلل ّه ُ قُلُو بَه ُ ۡم ل ِ َلت ّقۡو َ ن َ ح َ َ ن ٱمۡت َ ٱلل ّه ِ ُأ وْلَِٰٓئ َ ك ٱل َ ّذِي َ ل ِ ن يَغ ُُضّ ونَ َأ صۡ وَٰتَه ُ ۡم عِند َ رَسُو َ ن ٱل َ ّذِي ّ َ ِإ ٰ Indeed, those who lower their voices before the Messenger of Allah - they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for righteousness. For them is forgiveness and great reward. Al-Hujurat 49:4 ِ ٰ َ ك م ِن وَرَٓاء ِ ٱلۡ حجُُر َت َأ كۡ ث َر ُه ُ ۡم ل َا يَعۡق ِلُون َ ن ٱل َ ّذِي َ َ ن يُنَاد ُون ّ َ ِإ Indeed, those who call you, [O Muhammad], from behind the chambers - most of them do not use reason. Al-Hujurat 49:5 ٌ م و ََٱلل ّه ُ غَف ُور ٌ َرّحِيم ۚ ْ ُ ج ِإ لَيۡه ِ ۡم لَك َانَ خَيۡر ًا َل ّه َ و َلَو ۡ َأ َ ّنه ُ ۡم صَب َر ُوا ْ ح ََت ّى َ ُ تخ ۡر ٰ And if they had been patient until you [could] come out to them, it would have been better for them. But Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. Al-Hujurat 49:6 َق ۢ بِنَبٍَإ فَتَبَي ّن ُوٓ ا ْ َأ ن تُصِ يب ُوا ْ قَوۡمًۢا بِ جَهَٰلَة ٍ فَت ُصۡ بِحُوا ْ عَلَى م َا فَعَل ۡتُم ۡ نَٰدِم ِين َ ٓي ََأ ٰ ُ ّيهَا ٱل َ ّذِي ِ ن ءَام َن ُوٓ ا ْ ِإ ن جَٓاءَك ُ ۡم فَا ٌ س ٰ O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and become, over what you have done, regretful. Al-Hujurat 49:7 َ ن وَز َ َي ّن َه ُۥ فِى قُلُوبِك ُ ۡم وَك ََر ّه َ ِإ لَيۡكُم ُ ٱلۡكُفۡر َ ِ ّٱلل ّ ۚه ِ لَو ۡ يُط ِيعُك ُ ۡم فِى كَث ِيرٍ م َ ّن ٱلَۡأ ۡمر ِ لَع َن ِ ُت ّم ۡ و َلَٰك َِن َ ٰ َ ٱلل ّه َ ح ََب ّبَ ِإ لَيۡكُم ُ ٱ ۡلِإ يم َ ل ّ َ و َٱع ۡلَم ُوٓ ا ْ َأ َ ن ف ِيك ُ ۡم رَسُو ِ ّٰ ٱلر َشد ُون َ ُ ك هُم َ نَ ُأ وْلَِٰٓئ ۚ و َٱلۡفُس ُوقَ و َٱل ۡع ِصۡ يَا And know that among you is the Messenger of Allah. If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would be in difficulty, but Allah has endeared to you the faith and has made it pleasing in your hearts and has made hateful to you disbelief, defiance and disobedience. Those are the [rightly] guided. Al-Hujurat 49:8 ٌ ٱلل ّه ِ و َنِعۡم َة ًۚ و ََٱلل ّه ُ عَل ِيم ٌ حَكِيم َ ن َ ِ ّف َضۡ ل ًا م [It is] as bounty from Allah and favor. And Allah is Knowing and Wise. Al-Hujurat 49:9 تۡ َ ٱلل ّ ۚه ِ فِإ َ ن فَٓاء َ ِ َى فَقَٰت ِلُوا ْ َٱل ّتِى تَبۡغ ِى ح ََت ّى تَف ِٓىء َ ِإ ل َٓى ٰ َأ ۡمر خر ۡ َت ِإ حۡد َٰىهُم َا عَلَى ٱ ۡلُأ ۡ ن ٱل ۡمُؤۡم ِنِينَ ٱق ۡتَتَلُوا ْ فََأ صۡ لِحُوا ْ بَيۡنَهُمَاۖ فِإ َ نۢ بَغ َ ِن م ِ وِإَ ن طَٓاِئف َتَا ٰ ٰ َسط ِين ّ ُ يح ِ ِب ٱل ۡم ُ ۡق َ ن ُ َ ٱلل ّه ّ َ سط ُوٓ ۖا ۟ ِإ ِ ۡ ل وََأ ق ِ فََأ صۡ لِحُوا ْ بَيۡنَهُم َا ب ِٱلۡع َ ۡد And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly. Al-Hujurat 49:10 َٱلل ّه َ لَع ََل ّك ُ ۡم تُرۡحَم ُون َ ْ ِإ َن ّمَا ٱل ۡمُؤۡم ِن ُونَ ِإ خۡ وَة ٌ فََأ صۡ لِحُوا ْ بَيۡنَ َأ خَو َيۡك ُ ْ ۚم و ََٱت ّق ُوا The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy. Al-Hujurat 49:11 خر ۡ قَوۡم ٌ مّ ِن قَو ۡ ٍم ع َس َٓى َأ ن يَكُونُوا ْ خَيۡر ًا مِّنۡه ُ ۡم وَل َا نِس َٓاء ٌ مّ ِن ن ِ ّس َٓاء ٍ ع َس َٓى َأ ن يَك َُنّ خَيۡر ًا مِّنۡه َُنّ ۖ وَل َا تَل ۡم ِز ُٓوا ْ َأ نفُسَك ُ ۡم وَل َا َ ٓي ََأ ٰ ُ ّيهَا ٱل َ ّذِي َ ن ءَام َن ُوا ْ ل َا ي َ ۡس ٰ ٰ َظل ِم ُونّٰ َ ك هُم ُ ٱلَ ن وَم َن َل ّ ۡم يَت ُۡب فَُأ وْلَِٰٓئ ۚ ِ ٰ َ ۡس ٱل ِٱسۡم ُ ٱلۡفُس ُوقُ بَعۡد َ ٱ ۡلِإ يمَ ب بِئۖ ِ ٰ َ تَنَاب َز ُوا ْ ب ِٱلَۡأ لۡق O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule [another] people; perhaps they may be better than them; nor let women ridicule [other] women; perhaps they may be better than them. And do not insult one another and do not call each other by [offensive] nicknames. Wretched is the name of disobedience after [one's] faith. And whoever does not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers. Al-Hujurat 49:12 َ ُ ِب َأ حَد ُك ُ ۡم َأ ن ي َأۡك ِ ل لَحۡم َ َأ خِيه ّ ُ يح ُ ضاۚ َأ ُ ۡسس ُوا ْ وَل َا يَغۡت َب َب ّع ً ۡضك ُم بَع ّ َ َ ن ِإ ثۡم ٌۖ وَل َا تَج ّ َ ۡض ٱل ِّ ظ ّ َ ن ِإ َ ن بَع ّ َ ن ٱل ِّ ظ َ ٓي ََأ ٰ ُ ّيهَا ٱل َ ّذِي َ ِ ّن ءَام َن ُوا ْ ٱجۡ تَن ِب ُوا ْ كَث ِير ًا م ٌ اب َرّحِيم ٌ ّ ٱلل ّه َ تَو َ ن ّ َ ٱلل ّ ۚه َ ِإ َ ْ مَي ۡتًا ف َكَرِه ۡتُم ُو ۚه ُ و ََٱت ّق ُوا O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it. And fear Allah ; indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful. Al-Hujurat 49:13 ٌ ٱلل ّه َ عَل ِيم ٌ خَب ِير َ ن ّ َ ٱلل ّه ِ َأ تۡق َىٰك ُ ْ ۚم ِإ ّ َ ل لِتَع َار َفوُٓ ۚا ۟ ِإ َ َ ن َأ ك ۡرَمَك ُ ۡم عِند َ َ اس ِإ َن ّا خ َلَقۡنَٰك ُم مّ ِن ذَكَرٍ وَُأ نث َى و َ جعَل ۡنَٰك ُ ۡم شُع ُوب ًا و َقَبَٓاِئ َ ٓي ََأ ٰ ُ ّيهَا ُ ّ ٱلن ٰ O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted. Al-Hujurat 49:14 َ ٱلل ّه َ وَرَسُولَهُۥ ل َا يلَِتۡك ُم مّ ِنۡ َأ عۡمَٰلِك ُ ۡم ۚشيًۡٔـا ُ ٰ َ ل ٱ ۡلِإ يم َ ْ ن فِى قُلُوبِك ُ ْ ۖم وِإَ ن تُط ِيع ُوا ِ ُ ت ٱلَۡأ عۡرَابُ ءَام ََن ّاۖ قُل َل ّ ۡم تُؤۡم ِن ُوا ْ و َلَٰكِن قُولوٓ ُ ا ْ َأ سۡ لَم ۡنَا و َل َم ّا ي َ ۡدخ ِ َ قَال ٌ ٱلل ّه َ غَف ُور ٌ َرّحِيمَ ن ّ َ ِإ The bedouins say, "We have believed." Say, "You have not [yet] believed; but say [instead], 'We have submitted,' for faith has not yet entered your hearts. And if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not deprive you from your deeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." Al-Hujurat 49:15 ٰ َ ُ ك هُم َٱلصّ دِقُون َ ٱلل ّ ۚه ِ ُأ وْلَِٰٓئ َ ل َ َ ن ءَام َن ُوا ْ ب َِٱلل ّه ِ وَرَسُولِه ِۦ ث َُم ّ ل َ ۡم يَرۡت َابُوا ْ و ِ جٰهَد ُوا ْ بَِأ مۡوَٰلِه ِ ۡم وََأ نفُسِه ِ ۡم فِى سَب ِي َ ِإ َن ّمَا ٱل ۡمُؤۡم ِن ُونَ ٱل َ ّذِي The believers are only the ones who have believed in Allah and His Messenger and then doubt not but strive with their properties and their lives in the cause of Allah. It is those who are the truthful. Al-Hujurat 49:16 ٌ ل شَىۡء ٍ عَل ِيم ِ ّ ُ ض و ََٱلل ّه ُ بِك ِ ٰ َ سمَٰو ۚ ِ ت وَم َا فِى ٱلَۡأ ۡر ّ َ ٱلل ّه َ بِدِينِك ُ ۡم و ََٱلل ّه ُ يَعۡلَم ُ م َا فِى ٱل َ َقُلۡ َأ تُع َل ِّم ُون Say, "Would you acquaint Allah with your religion while Allah knows whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, and Allah is Knowing of all things?" Al-Hujurat 49:17 َصٰدِق ِين ِ ٰ َ ٱلل ّه ُ يَم ُنّ عَلَيۡك ُ ۡم َأ ۡن هَد َىٰك ُ ۡم لِلِۡإ يم َ ۡ ن ِإ ن كُنتُم َ ل ِ َ ك َأ ۡن َأ سۡ لَم ُو ۖا ۟ قُل َلّا تَمُن ّوا ْ عَل َىّ ِإ سۡ ل َم َٰكُمۖ ب َ ۡ يَمُن ّونَ عَلَي They consider it a favor to you that they have accepted Islam. Say, "Do not consider your Islam a favor to me. Rather, Allah has conferred favor upon you that He has guided you to the faith, if you should be truthful." Al-Hujurat 49:18 َض و ََٱلل ّه ُ بَصِ ير ٌ ۢ بِمَا تَعۡم َلُون ِ ٰ َ سمَٰو ۚ ِ ت و َٱلَۡأ ۡر ّ َ ٱلل ّه َ يَعۡلَم ُ غَي ۡبَ ٱل َ ن ّ َ ِإ Indeed, Allah knows the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth. And Allah is Seeing of what you do. The Madani Period in the time of Muhammad (saw) Ubaid Ur Rahman DHA Suffah University The Immigration (Hijrah) While Muhammad (saw) was in Makkah, A delegation from Medina invited Muhammad (saw) as an outsider to serve as the chief for the entire community. He had been invited to Medina by city leaders to resolve disputes between clans of the city. Muhammad (saw) instructed his followers to emigrate to Medina until all of his followers had left Mecca. Muhammad (saw) came to the city of Medina following the migration of his followers in what is known as the Hijrah (migration to Medina) in 622 CE. All the disputes between the people of the city were resolved, and some of the Arabs, Christians, and Jews accepted Islam. Muhammad (saw) became the ruler of Madinah. Battle of Badr, Ramadan 19th, 2AH (624 CE) A caravan set out from the Quraysh tribe with camels filled with belongings to trade in different lands. The commodities included most of the things that the muslims had left behind when they did hijrah. It is reported that the merchandise on these caravans was worth 1,000 camels and 50,000 dinars. It was escorted by 70 men and led by Abu Sufyan. Muhammad (saw) decided to take it back. He prepared an army of 313 soldiers, 2 horses, and 70 camels. The Quraysh heard about this, so they sent the caravan in a different path and sent out a huge army of 1300 men, 100 horses and a large number of camels. The muslims won the battle. 14 muslims were killed, and 70 kuffar were captured and 70 were killed. Battle of Uhud, 7 Shawwal, 3 AH (625 CE) The chief of the Quraysh, Abu Sufyan, set out for Medina with 3,000 troops to attack Muhammad (saw). The muslims set out to battle them with around 700 men. In the beginning of the battle, the muslims were winning. The Quraysh began faltering and retreated, leaving their camps vulnerable. However when Muslim victory seemed near, the Muslim rear guard who were commanded to defend a hill to protect against attack from the Quraysh from behind, abandoned their positions to collect spoils of war that the Quraysh left when they ran away. Khalid ibn al-Walid attacked with the Quraysh from the rear and encircled the Muslims, and the Quraysh started winning. The war finished without winning or losing. Around 75 muslims and 35 kuffar were killed. Battle of Khandaq (trench), 5 AH (627 CE) Quraysh took the offensive on the Muslims, who defended themselves in Medina by digging a trench around Madinah at the suggestion of Salman Al- Fārisi. With the Quraysh were many tribes including Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, Banu Murra, Khaybar, Banu Ghatafan, Bani Assad, Banu Shuja, and more. They all totaled 10,000 fighters. The final army that defended the city from the invasion consisted of 3,000 men. The siege lasted for 20 nights. The Quraysh’s supply were almost done and the soldiers were exhausted. Then Allah (swt) sent a huge cold wind that repelled the kuffar army. They retreated and the muslims won. Following the retreat of the Kuffar army, the Banu Qurayza neighborhoods were besieged by the Muslims. After 25-day siege of their neighborhood, the Banu Qurayza surrendered. Battle of Khyber, 7 AH ( 628 CE) The Jews of Khaybar plotted to unite with other Jewish tribes from Banu Wadi Qurra, Taym and Fadak as well as with the Ghatafan (an Arab tribe) to attack Medina. In response, Muhammad (saw) sent an army to capture these jewish tribes and fortresses.. Twenty days were spent fighting and seizing Jewish strongholds during the Battle of Khyber. In this period around 15 Muslim soldiers were martyred while 93 Jewish were killed by the Muslim army. About 13 fortresses were captured: Fath Makkah, 8AH (630 CE) In 628 CE, the Quraysh tribe of Mecca and the Muslims in Medina entered into a 10-year pact called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. However, in 630 (8 A.H.), the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was broken by the Quraysh. The Muslims planned to conquer the city of Makkah. Muhammad (saw) made a plan for the muslims to enter the city from all the sides of the city: He appointed Khalid ibn al-Walid (ra) as the leader of the right flank of the army with the Aslam, Sulaym, Ghifar, Muzainah, and Juhaynah tribes under his command to enter Mecca through its lower side. Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (ra) was appointed to lead the left flank and storm Mecca from the upper side. Abu 'Ubaidah (ra) was given command of the infantry and was ordered to penetrate the city through a side valley. The soldiers were given orders not to kill unless in self-defense, and to eliminate any attacks by the Quraysh. They conquered the city and broke all the idols that were surrounding the Kaaba. Muhammad (saw) forgave all the Quraysh, and many of them accepted Islam. Hajjatul Widā’, 10AH (632 CE) The Hajjatul Widā’ was the last Hajj of Muhammad (saw) before he passed away. In it, he gave the Khutbah Hajjatul Wida’, also known as the Farewell Sermon. The khutbah hajjatul wida of the Prophet-peace be upon him- was long and it contained much guidance and instructions on many issues. Some of the issues mentioned were: - “Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.” - Keeping away from usury (Riba). - Beware of Shaitan, for the safety of your religion. - Treating women well. - Eliminating racism. - No prophet will come after him. The Death of Muhammad (saw), 11AH (632 CE) The last few days before he passed away, Muhammad (saw) became very sick. This was because he was poisoned by a jewish woman who had put poisoning in some food before she gave it to him. In the final days before he passed, Muhammad (saw) requested his wives to be placed in Aisha's (ra) home. Whenever he would have some energy, he would go to the masjid to pray salah. A few hours after he returned from the mosque, the Prophet (saw) died while laying his head on the bosom of Aisha (ra). The Makki period in the time of Muhammad (saw) Ubaid ur Rahman DHA Suffah University Arabia 400CE Before Islam, Arabs had many bad habits. Some of these were: - They were quick to start wars for very small reasons. - They believed in many gods, made out of wood, stone, and other materials. There were 365 idols just around the kaaba. - Women were treated very badly. - They would bury their daughters alive. Political and Religious status, 550 CE When Muhammad (saw) came to makkah in about 570 CE, the Arabian land was inhabited by wild bedouins whom the empires of the world didn't give a second thought. The arabs thought that Allah was the main god, but they also worshipped other idos whom they thought were the daughters of Allah. There were also christians and jews living with them, but the arabs viewed them as inferior to them. Birth of Muhammad (saw) Muhammad was born in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal. Islamic historians place the year of Muhammad's birth as c. 570, corresponding with the Year of the Elephant. The precise date of Muhammad's birth varies between different Islamic sects, with most Sunnis accepting the 12th of Rabi'-ul-Awwal as the date of his birth as posited by Ibn Ishaq. Other opinions claim dates like the 2nd, 8th, or the 10th of Rabi'-ul-Awwal Muhammad's father, Abdullah, died almost six month before he was born. Muhammad was sent to live with a Bedouin family in the desert soon after his birth, as the desert life was considered healthier for infants. Muhammad (saw) before prophethood Muhammad (saw) was a merchant before he became a prophet. He would go with his uncle to different places in the arabian lands like syria to conduct business. Muhammad (saw) would not like the behavior of the arabs. Every month he would go to cave called Hira, and seclude himself. After parts the Kaaba were destroyed in flash floods, with the reconstruction almost complete, disagreements arose among the leaders of the different clans of the Quraysh as to which one should put the Black Stone into place. Muhammad (saw) spread out his cloak, put the stone in the middle and had the members of the four major clans raise it to its destined position, before ensuring its secure placement with his own hands. Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid was a female merchant and widower, asked Muhammad to manage her commercial operations in Syria after hearing of his trustworthiness. Impressed with the extraordinary success of Muhammad's leadership, Khadija sent a marriage proposal to Muhammad through her friend Nafisa. Muhammad accepted the proposal and married Khadija. Prophethood Once, when Muhammad (saw) was in the cave, Jibreel (as) came to him and asked him to “read.” After this incident, it was Waraqah Bin Nawfal who told him about his prophethood. Early Efforts of Huhammad (saw) in Makkah Muhammad's early efforts in preaching the new faith focused on the preaching of a single ideal: monotheism. Surahs of the Quran believed to have been revealed during this period, known as the Meccan surahs (Arabic: )اﻟﺴﻮر اﻟﻤ ّﻜﯿّﺔ, command Muhammad to proclaim and praise the name of Allah, instruct him not to worship idols or associate other deities with Allah and to worship Him alone, warn the pagans of their eschatological punishment,sometimes referring to the Day of Judgement indirectly, while providing examples from the history of some extinct communities Early converts to Islam included Muhammad's wife, Khadija, his cousin Ali, his adopted son Zayd, his nursemaid Umm Ayman, and his friend Abu Bakr. Efforts of Quraysh to stop Muhammad (saw) Very few of the Quraysh gave weight to Muhammad's message; most ignored it and a few mocked him. Some of the ranking and influential leaders of the Quraysh tried and failed to come to arrangements with Muhammad in exchange for abandoning his preaching. When that didn't work, they boycotted the Banu Hashim. They tried to kill him as well. Death of Khadija and Abu Talib 9 years into Muhammad's claim to prophethood, two of the most committed defenders of Muhammad's message, his wife Khadija and his uncle Abu Talib, died. With the death of Abu Talib, the leadership of the clan of Banu Hashim was passed to another uncle of Muhammad, Abu Lahab, an inveterate enemy of Muhammad and Islam. Abu Lahab removed the Banu Hashim’s protection of Muhammad (saw). Isra and Miraj Some time in 620, Muhammad told his followers that he had experienced the Isra and Mi'raj, a supernatural journey to Jerusalem (Isra) and ascension to the Seven Heavens. He went with Buraaq, an animal from Jannah. From there, He went with Gibreel. toured heaven and hell, and spoken with earlier prophets, including Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, and Isa. He met Allah, and the story of the five prayers happened here. Basics of Hadith Ubaid ur Rahman DHA Suffah University January 11, 2024 What is Hadith? Hadith, in its linguistic sense, means new, the opposite of old. It also refers to a report or an account of an event. In it’s technical sense, it refers to all of the sayings, actions, confirmations, and qualities of the Prophet (saw). It can also refer to the sayings and actions of the Sahabah and also the Tabi’een. Hadith Compilation In the beginning of the time of Muhammad (saw), Muhammad (saw) forbade the Sahabah from writing the Hadith because he feared that they would mix it up with the Quran. Later, he allowed them to write it down, like the companion Amr Bin Aas (ra). Sahabah used to memorize the Hadith completely, because they had very good memory. When people started fabricating Hadith or not saying it correctly, they started writing it down and compiling it, and would see who was narrating it, was he reliable or not. Types of Hadith: Hadith is divided into two types: Riwayah and Dirayah. Riwayah is the study of the chain of narrators of the Hadith and Dirayah is the study of the text of the hadith. In regards to the number of narrators in the chain, it is divided into four: - Mutawatir:When there is so many narrators narrating the hadith that they can not agree upon lying on the Hadith. - Mashhoor: When one stage from the stages in the chain of narrators has from 3-10 narrators. - Azeez: When one stage from the stages in the chain of narrators has 2 narrators. - Ghareeb: When one stage from the stages in the chain of narrators has only 1 narrators. In regards to its connectedness, it is divided into five: - Muttasil: When the chain of narrators are connected, and all of them heard the hadith from each other. - Mursal: When the Sahabah is dropped in the chain. - Mu'allaq: When the first narrator is dropped. - Mu’dal: two or more narrators are dropped in the chain in one place. - Munqati’: When any narrator is dropped in general in a way other than these ways. Types of Hadith, continued: In authenticity, Hadith is divided into four: - Sahih: The hadith is authentic, all the narrators are reliable and heard from each other. - Hasan: When one of the narrators has weak memory, a little bit. - Da’eef: The Hadith is weak. One of the narrator's is untrustworthy. - Mardood: Hadith is rejected because of a very untrustworthy narrator or the hadith is fabricated. In regards to who said it, It is divided into three: Marfu’: From Muhammad (saw). Mawqoof: From Sahabi. Maqtoo’: From Tabi’ee or anyone under. Hadith Fabrication: Who does it? - Non Muslims. - Some Sufis. - Promoters of Bid’ah. - Storytellers. - Those who want to earn fame. - People who use it as a job. Hadith Fabrication: Reasons why it is done - To spread fitnah in Islam. - To get money. - To gain fame. - To entertain people. - Some do it thinking it is permissible as long as it is speaking good of Islam. Interest in Islam Ubaid ur Rahman DHA Suffa University January 17, 2024 What is Riba? In Arabic it is: ﻛﻞ ﻗﺮض ﺟﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﮭﻮ رﺑﺎ. Any increase above the price without any consideration is Riba. In loans, it is when you ask back more than you give, for no reason. All conventional banks charge interest on the basis of loans. Is Riba Haram? Allah said in the Quran: …وأﺣﻞ ﷲ اﻟﺒﯿﻊ وﺣﺮم اﻟﺮﺑﻮا Allah has permitted transactions/trading and has forbidden Riba. (Baqarah, 275) Allah forbade Riba generally, with no conditions or terms. There is no ambiguity in this Ayah, because we know what Riba is and it’s nature, and how it is used. Why is Riba Haram? - To ensure equality in trade, and social justice, and social justice can not be achieved without economic justice. For economic justice, we need a just economic system. For this, we need transactions to be free of two things: 1. Riba 2. Gharar - Riba results in the concentration of wealth to only the rich people. Islam encourages circulation of wealth to the rich AND poor. More Ayahs prohibiting Riba: َﯾَ ٰـٓﺄَﯾﱡﮭَﺎ ٱﻟﱠﺬِﯾﻦَ ءَا َﻣﻨُﻮا۟ ٱﺗﱠﻘُﻮا۟ ٱ ﱠ َ َو َذرُوا۟ ﻣَﺎ ﺑَﻘِ َﻰ ﻣِﻦَ ٱﻟ ﱢﺮﺑ ٰ َٓﻮا۟ إِن ﻛُﻨﺘُﻢ ﻣﱡﺆْ ِﻣﻨِﯿﻦ O believers! Fear Allah, and give up outstanding interest if you are ˹true˺ believers. (baqarah 278) َﻈﻠَﻤُﻮن ْ ُﺲ ﻣﱠﺎ َﻛ َﺴﺒَﺖْ َوھُ ْﻢ َﻻ ﯾ ٍ ۢ وَٱﺗﱠﻘُﻮا۟ ﯾَﻮْ ًۭﻣﺎ ﺗُﺮْ َﺟﻌُﻮنَ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ إِﻟَﻰ ٱ ﱠ ِ ۖ ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﺗُ َﻮﻓ ٰﱠﻰ ﻛُﻞﱡ ﻧَ ْﻔ Be mindful of the Day when you will ˹all˺ be returned to Allah, then every soul will be paid in full for what it has done, and none will be wronged. (Baqarah 281) Hadith prohibiting Riba Hazrat Jabir (ra): The Prophet (saw) cursed the reciever ad the payer of interest, the one who records it and the witnesses to the transaction, and said they are all alike. (Muslim) 'Abdullah ibn Hanzalah (ra) : The Prophet (saw) said: "A dirham of riba which a man receives knowingly is worse than committing adultery thirty six times" (Mishkat al-Masabih, Kitab al-Buyu', Bab alriba, on the authority of Ahmad and Daraqutni). From Abu Hurayrah (ra) : The Prophet (saw) said: "On the night of Ascension I came upon people whose stomachs were like houses with snakes visible from the outside. I asked Gabriel who they were. He replied that they were people who had received interest." (Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Tijarat, Bab al-taghlizi fi al-riba). Types of Riba: There are two types of Riba: - Riba AlFadl: This is riba in the actual transaction, when the unequal quantities or qualities of a commodity are exchanged. - - Riba AlNasee’ah: This is riba upon delayed payment. It is used for debts. Types of Banks: There are two types of banks: - Conventional Banks: Are banks that use interest. They deal with the money itself. - Islamic Banks: The banks that don’t use interest. They deal with the asset that you are trying to use the money for. Modern Applications of Riba Insurance (Takaful) In conventional banks, Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss in which, in exchange for a fee, a company agrees to compensate another party in the event of a certain loss, damage, or injury. Takaful is a system of reimbursement or repayment in case of loss, organized as an Islamic or sharia-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, which contains riba and gharar. Bonds (Sukuk): In conventional banks, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer owes the holder a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor. the company gets the money from investors who buy its bonds. In exchange for the capital, the company pays an interest coupon, which is the annual interest rate paid on a bond expressed as a percentage of the face value. LC - Letter of Credit A letter issued by a bank to another bank (especially one in a different country) to serve as a guarantee for payments made to a specified person. National Savings The Central Directorate of National Savings ( )ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺮاﺋﮯ ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﭽﺖis the state-owned savings bank of Pakistan. It obtains funds from individual savers in Pakistan in order to provide non-bank financing to the government's fiscal deficit. Forex The foreign exchange market is a global decentralized or over-the-counter market for the trading of currencies. This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency. Promissory Note Promissory notes may also be referred to as an IOU, a loan agreement, or just a note. It's a legal lending document that says the borrower promises to repay to the lender a certain amount of money in a certain time frame. Bill Discounting Bill discounting is a trade-related activity in which a company sells its outstanding invoices to a financier (a bank or another financial institution) that agrees to pay the company for them at a future date.
