final Cerebrospinal fluid- m.pptx

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BY: MARIAM MOHAMMEDI SUBMITTED TO: PROF. MOSTAFA SAADANY CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AGENDA Click icon to add picture DEFINITION PRODUCTION VENTR...

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BY: MARIAM MOHAMMEDI SUBMITTED TO: PROF. MOSTAFA SAADANY CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AGENDA Click icon to add picture DEFINITION PRODUCTION VENTRICULAR SYSTEM CSF CIRCULATION SUBARACHNOID SPACE REABSORPTION 2 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DEFINITION CSF is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It provides various functions, including cushioning the brain, removing waste products, and transporting nutrients and 3 hormones.  PRODUCTION CSF is produced mainly by specialized cells called choroid plexus, which are located within the ventricles. Its specialized epithelial cells, vascular supply, and cellular architecture ensure the proper secretion and composition of CSF, which is essential for the 4 normal functioning of the central nervous system  PRODUCTION The histological structure of the choroid plexus consists of several layers of cells. The main cell type is the choroid plexus epithelial cell, which forms a single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells. These cells are interconnected by tight junctions, which create a blood- brain barrier-like structure and regulate the movement of substances between the blood and 5 CSF. The choroid plexus epithelial cells have numerous microvilli on  PRODUCTION In addition to the epithelial cells, the choroid plexus contains fenestrated capillaries that provide a rich blood supply to the tissue. These capillaries have small openings or fenestrations that allow for the exchange of substances between the blood and the choroid plexus tissue. The presence of tight junctions in the choroid plexus epithelial cells and fenestrated 6 capillaries helps regulate the selective filtration of substances into  VENTRICULAR SYSTEM The circulation of CSF is facilitated by a system of interconnected spaces and structures within the brain and spinal cord known as the ventricular system. There are four ventricles in total: two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. 7  CSF CIRCULATION These cells actively secrete CSF into the ventricles, where it circulates and fills the ventricular system. From the fourth ventricle, CSF exits the ventricular system through three small openings called the foramina of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie (also known as the lateral apertures and the median aperture, respectively). These openings allow CSF to enter the 8 subarachnoid space. Once in the subarachnoid space, CSF circulates  CSF CIRCULATION 9  SUBARACHNOID SPACE The subarachnoid space is a crucial anatomical compartment located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, two of the three layers of meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord. The subarachnoid space serves several important physiological functions. CSF in the subarachnoid space provides cushioning for the 10 brain and spinal cord, protecting them from mechanical shocks. It also helps regulate the extracellular  SUBARACHNOID SPACE The histological structure of the subarachnoid space is characterized by delicate connective tissue, blood vessels, and arachnoid trabeculae. The arachnoid mater, which forms the outer boundary of the subarachnoid space, consists of a layer of squamous epithelial cells and a layer of fibrous connective tissue. The pia mater, which is the innermost layer of the meninges, closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following their contours. 11  PRESENTATION 12 TITLE  SUBARACHNOID SPACE Within the subarachnoid space, delicate connective tissue strands called arachnoid trabeculae extend between the arachnoid and pia mater. These trabeculae help suspend the brain and spinal cord within the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space is traversed by blood vessels, including the cerebral arteries and veins, which supply the brain with nutrients and oxygen. These blood vessels are surrounded by a network of delicate connective tissue and are bathed in 13 CSF. Additionally, the subarachnoid space contains numerous  REABSORPTION The reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important process that helps maintain the balance and volume of CSF within the central nervous system. Reabsorption primarily occurs through the arachnoid granulations These granulations are located within the subarachnoid space, specifically protruding into the dural venous sinuses. 14  REABSORPTION The process of CSF reabsorption occurs as follows: CSF Circulation: CSF is continuously produced by the choroid plexus. Flow to Subarachnoid Space: CSF exits the ventricular system through small openings called the foramina of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie, which connect the ventricles to the subarachnoid space. Once in the subarachnoid space, 15 CSF bathes the brain and spinal cord. Arachnoid Granulations: Arachnoid  REABSORPTION CSF Absorption: CSF is reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the arachnoid granulations. The granulations act as one-way valves, allowing CSF to enter the dural venous sinuses while preventing backflow. The pressure gradient between CSF and venous blood drives the movement of CSF into the sinuses. When cerebrospinal fluid pressure 16 increases, arachnoid villi develop, thereby increasing their surface of  REABSORPTION The reabsorption of CSF is an important mechanism for maintaining the appropriate volume and pressure of CSF within the central nervous system. It helps prevent the accumulation of excess fluid and ensures the continuous turnover of CSF. Disruptions in CSF reabsorption can lead to conditions such as hydrocephalus, where there is an abnormal buildup of CSF, resulting in increased intracranial pressure. It's worth noting that while arachnoid granulations 17 are the primary route of CSF reabsorption, there may be other mechanisms involved, such as  CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Diagnostic Tool: CSF analysis is an important diagnostic tool in neurology. Examination of CSF can provide valuable information about various conditions, such as infections (meningitis, encephalitis), autoimmune disorders (multiple sclerosis), and certain cancers (meningeal metastasis). 18 19  CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Lumbar Puncture: It is used for diagnostic purposes, such as analyzing CSF composition and pressure, as well as for therapeutic interventions, such as administering medications directly into 20 the CSF or relieving CSF pressure.  CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CSF Shunting: In cases of hydrocephalus or other conditions causing impaired CSF circulation, surgical intervention may be necessary. CSF shunting involves the placement of a device to divert excess CSF from the brain to another body cavity, such 21 as the abdominal cavity, to relieve pressure and  THANK YOU 22