Process Selection and Decision Planning PDF

Summary

This document provides a presentation on processes selection, decisions, and design planning. It discusses various factors organizations consider when designing and improving processes. Topics include the importance of process selection in operations management and related aspects such as capacity planning and forecasting. Technological changes and factors used in process and product design are also mentioned.

Full Transcript

Process Selection PROCESS - Process selection refers to -a natural phenomenon marked bydeciding on the waychanges gradual production thatoflead goods or services toward a particular result will be organized. -serie...

Process Selection PROCESS - Process selection refers to -a natural phenomenon marked bydeciding on the waychanges gradual production thatoflead goods or services toward a particular result will be organized. -series of actions or operations It has major implications for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment, and design of work conducing systems. to an end Process selection refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized. It has major implications for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment, and design of work systems. Importance of Process selection Process selection is used by organizations to determine the: Quality, capacity, equipment, technology and overall costs which will be the major factors in decision making. Capacity planning is the process of determining the production capacity needed by an organization to meet changing demands for its products. Forecasting It is the process of making predictions of the future based on past and present data and most commonly by analysis of trends. A common place example might be estimation of some variable of interest at some specified future date. Technological change refers to the improvement of the already existing technologies and inventing new ones to improve the existing products in the market while also creating new ones. Technological change has three important stages; Invention, innovation, and diffusion. A facility layout, or plant layout, is the operations plan used to arrange workers, equipment, and machines in a way that increases efficiency in the production process. Work design refers to the “content and organisation of one's work tasks, activities, relationships and responsibilities”. 1. Work design applies to the physical, biomechanical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics of the job. Processes convert inputs into outputs; they are at the core of operations management. Process selection has operational and supply chain implications. - Operational implications include equipment and labor requirements, operations costs, and both the ability to meet demand and the ability to respond to variations in demand. Supply chain implications - Different process types have different capacity ranges, and once a process type is functioning, changing it can be difficult, time consuming, and costly. Obviously, long-term forecasts as well as an organization's mission and goals are important in developing a process strategy. Technology is often a factor in process selection and layout. Three aspects of technology can be the factors: 1. product technology, 2. processing technology, and 3. information technology. Three aspects of technology can be the factors: 1. product technology, means the following information owned by or to the extent licensed to seller, as in existence and in the possession of seller as of the closing date: the manufacturing technology, proprietary or confidential information, processes, techniques, protocols, methods, improvements and know-how that are necessary to manufacture the Products. Three aspects of technology can be the factors: 2. process technology, refers to the tools that create, analyze, manage and improve processes in an organization by employing machines. Three aspects of technology can be the factors: 3. information technology, is used in the context of business operations, for the processing of products using different technologies in production. Process Decision Process Decision- involve many factors, to wit: planning layouts, layout recommendations, outsourcing decisions, service process design matrices, various process types, warehouse design and operation, process flow charts, and making capacity decisions Process Decision Program Charts PDPCs were developed in the second half of the 20th century by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers. They formed part of a set of tools intended to solve qualitative problems, such as identifying and resolving issues and dealing with customer complaints. What is Process design Process design is at the heart of operations management (OM). It is the process of creating and improving systems that convert inputs into outputs. Process design involves understanding how work is done within an organization and then designing and implementing ways to improve it. What is Process design The objective of process design is to create a system that is efficient and effective. Efficiency means that the process uses as few resources as possible to produce the desired output. Effectiveness means that the process produces the desired output. What Is Process Design Planning? Process design planning is the process of creating a plan for the production process. The process designer must consider many factors when creating the plan, such as the product type, the materials needed, the equipment available, and the workforce. The goal of process design planning is to create a process that is efficient and effective in producing the desired product. The following steps are involved in process design: Creating The Plan: Once the requirements are determined, the process designer can create a plan for the production process. The plan must be completed in a way that is efficient and effective in producing the desired product. The following steps are involved in process design: Creating The Plan: Once the requirements are determined, the process designer can create a plan for the production process. The plan must be completed in a way that is efficient and effective in producing the desired product. The following steps are involved in process design: Building Team: The process designer must build a team of experts who can help with the implementation of the process design. The team should be able to provide input and feedback on the process design. The following steps are involved in process design: Implementing The Plan: Once the process design is complete, the process designer must implement the plan. This includes setting up the production process, testing the process, and making any necessary adjustments.. The following steps are involved in process design: Monitoring The Process: The process designer must monitor the process to ensure that it is running smoothly and effectively. The process designer should make changes to the process as needed to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. Things To Consider: An organization’s process design is essential to its operations management’s success. For this, it is imperative to consider the following: It should be able to accommodate the current and future needs of the organization: This means that the process must be designed to be flexible enough to handle changing demand, technology, etc. Things To Consider: It should be flexible and scalable (chance in size): The process should be designed so that it can be easily scaled according to the organization’s needs. It should be cost-effective: The process must be designed considering the costs involved in its implementation and operation. There should be a balance between the process’s costs and benefits. Things To Consider: It should be efficient and effective: It is essential to design an efficient and effective process. An efficient process uses the minimum resources to produce the desired result. An effective process produces the desired output. It should be safe and reliable: The process must be designed keeping in mind the safety of the employees and the reliability of the process. The process should be such that it minimises the chances of errors and accidents. Keep it simple There’s no benefit to overcomplicating process design. Defining the customer’s or end user’s needs upfront will help you design the simplest approach to fully meeting those requirements every time a process is carried out.

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