Feline Infectious Disease Vaccines, Screening, Prevention PDF

Feline Infectious Disease Vaccines, Screening, Prevention Ryan Hill, DVM, MPH Objectives Identify the core vaccines in cats Identify the non-core vaccines in cats Determine the signs and treatment for adverse vaccine reactions Become familiar with feline injection-site sarcomas Identify the recommen...

Feline Infectious Disease Vaccines, Screening, Prevention Ryan Hill, DVM, MPH Objectives Identify the core vaccines in cats Identify the non-core vaccines in cats Determine the signs and treatment for adverse vaccine reactions Become familiar with feline injection-site sarcomas Identify the recommended locations for vaccine injections Your first day on the job… AAHA/AAFP Feline Life Stage Guidelines Cover four major life stages kitten, young adult, mature adult, senior Major topic areas Medical history Examination focus Nutrition and weight management Behavior and environment Elimination Oral health Parasite control Vaccination Types of Vaccines Modified Live (MLV) aka Attenuated Pros Single dose needed (usually) Induces cellmediated and humoral immunity Cons Potential reversion to virulence Killed aka Inactivated Pros No potential reversion Cons Requires multiple doses Requires adjuvant Induces humoral immunity only Recombinant Pros No potential reversion No adjuvants Induces cellmediated and humoral immunity Overcomes maternal antibody interference? Categories of Vaccines Core Non-core Not Recommended Core Vaccines Recommended for all cats (all ages, any lifestyle) Rabies Types Available Parenteral Killed Parenteral Recombinant FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia) Feline Herpesvirus type 1 Feline Calicivirus Feline Panleukopenia Types Available Parenteral MLV Intranasal MLV Parenteral Killed FeLV (feline leukemia) Only core for cats 6 wks q 3-4 wks until 16-20 wks Initial visit +/- Booster in 34 wks Booster at 6 mon-1 yr, then q 1-3 yr Rabies >12 wks Booster 1 yr later Initial visit Booster 1 yr later Booster q 1-3 yr FeLV >8 wks Booster 3-4 wks Initial visit Booster 3-4 wks later Booster q 1 yr Bordetella Follow label instructions Chlamydia Follow label instructions Why Booster? © ASPCA When Vaccination Goes Wrong… Adverse Vaccine Reactions 0.52% of cats? Mild reaction Signs: lethargy, anorexia, fever, local inflammation Tx: monitor, compress, NSAIDs Severe reaction (type I hypersensitivity, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis) Signs: vomiting, facial swelling, facial pruritis, respiratory distress Tx: diphenhydramine 2.2 mg/kg IM/SC; dexamethasone SP 0.5-4 mg/kg IM/SC/IV Feline Injection-site Sarcomas (FISS) (vaccine-associated sarcomas, injection-associated sarcomas) Signs: “3-2-1” rule – 3 months, 2 cm, increasing size after 1 month Tx: Surgical removal with huge margins Where to Vaccinate Rabies - Right Rear FVRCP - Right Front FeLV - Left Rear Others - Left Front Distal limb! (or tail) Special Considerations for Shelters Start younger (4 wks) Increase frequency of boosters (q 2 wk instead of q 3-4 wk) Vaccinate until 20 wks Always use MLV (except rabies) Avoid intranasal FVRCP FeLV not considered core in kittens Everyone gets vaccinated Other Routine Preventives Microchip! Spay/neuter External parasites Year-round prevention (CAPC) Heartworm Year-round prevention (AHS) GI parasites Year-round prevention (CAPC) Certain lifestyle risks may necessitate additional parasiticides Many products treat all/most parasites Revolution Plus Fleas, ticks, heartworm, ear mites, roundworms, hookworms Advantage Multi Fleas, ticks, heartworm, ear mites, roundworms, hookworms Nexgard Fleas, ticks, heartworm, roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms Infectious Disease Screening FeLV/FIV screening (AAFP recommendations) Test cats When first acquired Prior to vaccinating for FeLV After potential exposure to infected cats If appropriate clinical signs are present Point of Care (POC) test i.e. ELISA SNAP test If positive, consider performing confirmatory testing Resources AAFP Feline Retrovirus Management https://catvets.com/guidelines/practice-guidelines/retrovirus-management-guidelines AAHA/AAFP Feline Life Stages Guidelines https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/life-stage-feline-2021/feline-life-stage-home/ AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines https://catvets.com/guidelines/practice-guidelines/aafp-aaha-feline-vaccination American Heartworm Society https://www.heartwormsociety.org/ ASV Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters https://www.sheltervet.org/resources/guidelines Companion Animal Parasite Council https://capcvet.org/ Questions? References Moore GE, DeSantis-Kerr AC, Guptill LF, et al. Adverse events after vaccine administration in cats: 2560 cases (2002–2005). Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:393–407