Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) PDF

401. 01.01 INTRODUCTION TO THE CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATION (CARS) The Aeronautics act: Legal document governing aviation in Canada Enables/empowers the Canadian aviation regulations (CARs) Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs): Doc # SOR/96-433 It’s a bunch o...

401. 01.01 INTRODUCTION TO THE CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATION (CARS) The Aeronautics act: Legal document governing aviation in Canada Enables/empowers the Canadian aviation regulations (CARs) Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs): Doc # SOR/96-433 It’s a bunch of requirements made to improve the safety and the competitiveness of the Canadian aviation industry. Two groups: Regulatory text, Standards Regulatory text - The actual law Second digit is “0” - eg/- 401.01 Standards - How to do it with detail Second digit is “2”, eg/- 421.5 - BOTH GO TOGETHER 401. 401. 01.02 Transport Canada Aeronautical 01.04 Transportation Safety Information Manual (TC AIM) Board (TSB) Contains details about air law including Aerodrome, Established under the Canadian transportation meteorology, rules of the air, Air traffic control, Accident Investigation and safety board act. licensing, and airmanship TSB: Investigate all transportation in Canada, (Canadian New copy every 2 years. & non Canadian registers aircraft’s), 24 hour standby, Should: TC implies pilots to conform and Prevents further occurrences Shall: A mandatory procedure supported by the CARs Military & cadets = Directorate of flight safety (DFS) (law) (So if you don’t do it, YOU ARE BREAKING THE LAW) 401. 401. 01.05 01.03 Canada Flight Supplement (CFS) NAV CANADA Services Flight planning & ATC services in Canada Joint military/civilian document with NAV CANADA Area Control Centers (ACC): 7 in Canada New copy every 56 days. Air Traffic Control Towers: Busy airports Subsections: - General Flight Service Station (FSS): advisory services, Aerodrome directory winds, weather, runway condition Planning Flight Information Centre (FIC): Flight planning Radio Navigation and communication services, emergency services Military Community Aerodrome Radio Stations (CARS): Emergency contracted services in the north 401. 02.01 Terminology Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): the rules when using the instruments in the cockpit during flying. Visual Flight Rules (VFR): the rules when flying by means of visual reference to the ground. Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR): the rules for operating in weather conditions that are less than VFR (within a control zone) where some aircraft are permitted flight under visual flight rules. Ceiling: the lowest height at which a broken or overcast condition exists, or the vertical visibility when an obscured condition (snow, smoke, or fog) exists, whichever is the lower. Visibility: the ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions & uses units of distance, to see and find prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night. 401. 02.01 Terminology - cont.. Flight Visibility: the average range of visibility at any given time forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight. Ground Visibility: the visibility at an aerodrome as contained in a weather observation reported by an ATC unit. (Flight Service Station (FSS), or AWOS) Day or Daylight: -TC definition; - the time between the beginning of morning civil twilight and the end of evening civil twilight Night: -TC definition: - the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight Civil Twilight is usually defined as when the centre of the sun's disc is less than 6° below the horizon.  401. 02.02 Logging of flights CAR 401.08 - every student and pilot must keep an up-to-date personal logbook in order to keep track of experience and recency. Flight time: total time from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest. Flight time is used by pilots in their personal logs. Air time: when an aircraft leaves the surface to the time it touches down. Air time is entered into the aircraft technical records and is used to determine when inspections are due.  401. 02.02 Logging of flights - cont..  401. 02.03 ATC clearance and instructions ATC Clearance: Authorization by an ATC unit for an aircraft to proceed within controlled airspace under specified conditions. Once accepted by the pilot, the clearance shall be complied with. ATC Instruction: a directive issued by an ATC unit for ATC purposes. Pilots shall comply with ATC instructions.  401. 02.04 Visual Light Signals On the ground When an ATC tower is unable to communicate by radio to an aircraft either on the ground or in the air, they can give visual light signals to the aircraft to provide clearances and instructions visually. In flight There are now procedures in place to allow pilot to call ATC by cell phone in the case of radio failure  401. 03.01 Licence Validity You cannot act as aircrew unless: 1. You hold the appropriate permit, licence or rating; 2. The permit, licence or rating is valid; 3. You have a valid medical certificate; and 4. You can produce it!  Recency Requirements To use your licence you must have: 1. Acted as PIC or Co-Pilot of an aircraft within the last 5 years; OR completed a flight review with an instructor in the last 12 months who has certified your logbook as successful, and you have completed the appropriate exam 2. Completed a recurrent training program within the last 2 years 3. To carry passengers, you must have completed within the last 6 months: - at least 5 take offs and landings in the same category and class of aircraft; OR - For glider pilot: two take offs and two landings in a glider with an instructor and obtained certification of competence to carry passengers  Medical Requirements Medical exams must be done by a Civil Aviation Medical Examiner (CAME) A valid medical certificate is required A glider pilot's medical certificate is valid for 60 months regardless of age A private pilot's medical certificate is valid for 60 months if you are less than 40 years old, and for 24 months if you are 40 years old or over The ministry may require you at any time to be re- examined regardless of when you underwent your last medical exam. The validity period is calculated from the 1st day of the month following your medical exam: E.g/- if you are 16 years old (under 40 years old) and had your medical exam on the 10th of December 2024, your medical would expire the 1st of January 2030.  401. 03.02 Privileges of a Pilot's Licence - limitations A pilot may not exercise licence privileges if: 1. One of the following would 3. they are in the 30th 2. they were impair your ability: week of pregnancy or if involved in an Illness, injury or disability taking a they have given birth in aircraft drug receiving medical treatment the last six weeks. accident caused by one of the above circumstances. In the cases of point 2 and 3 you must see a CAME to confirm your medical is valid before using your licence again!  401. 03.03 Requests for Production of Documents Anyone who is the holder of, or is in possession of a Canadian aviation document, technical record, or other document relating to an aircraft or a commercial air service shall produce it upon request by a - Peace officer; - An immigration officer; - or the Minister.  401. 03.04 Inspection after Abnormal Occurrences Following an abnormal occurrence the aircraft must be inspected for damage before its next flight If inspection does not involve disassembly, it may be performed by the pilot-in- command. Examples of abnormal occurrences: - Overspeeds; - Heavy/hard landings; - Propellor strikes; - Flights in severe turbulence.  401. 03.05 Requirement to Keep Technical Records Every owner of an aircraft shall keep the following technical records in respect of the aircraft: - A journey log; - A separate technical record for the airframe, each installed engine and each variable- pitch propeller; and - an empty weight and balance report. In the case of a balloon or glider, all entries in respect of the technical records referred to in paragraphs above may be kept in the journey log.  401. 03.06 Technical Records Log -General The CARs state that every person who makes an entry in a technical record shall: - make the entry accurately, legibly and in a permanent manner - write their name, sign and date the entry The aircraft owner shall protect the records from damage or loss Every person who starts a new technical logbook, shall bring forward the necessary entries from the old logbook to ensure that an unbroken chronological record is maintained If you need to alter an entry in the technical record, strike out the incorrect entry with single line with a ruler. Insert the correct entry making sure to include your name, signature, date, and the reason for the correction (e.g. times corrected)  401. 03.07 Journey Log Requirements  401. 03.08 Journey Log - Carrying on Board No person shall conduct a take-off in an aircraft unless the journey log is on board the aircraft, unless it is not planned that the aircraft will land and shut down at any location other than the point of departure. In the case of gliders, this can be interpreted as the intent to land. 401. 03.09 Liability Insurance No aircraft owner shall operate an aircraft unless the owner has liability insurance covering risks of public liability. No owner or operator of an aircraft shall operate the aircraft unless proof of this insurance is carried on board the aircraft.  401. 03.10 Documents Required to be Carried on Board The following documents are required to be carried on board an aircraft and can be remembered with the acronym: AROWJIL A - Certificate of Airworthiness (Flight Authority) (CAR 605.03/507.02) R - Certificate of Registration (CAR 202.26) 0- Operator's Manual/Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) / aircraft flight manual (CAR 605.04) W- Weight and Balance (part of Journey Log and POH) J- Aircraft Journey Log (in most cases, see previous slides) (CAR 605.95) I - Aircraft Insurance (CAR 606.02) L - Aircrew Licences (includes Radio Operator's Certificate and Medical) (CAR 401.03)