BIO 110: Final Exam F23 PDF

**BIO 110: Final Exam** **This exam is broken into five sections, representing the five exam units in this course. Within each section there are four multiple-choice questions (2 Points Each) and four short answer questions (4 Points Each). Answer all multiple-choice questions within each section,...

**BIO 110: Final Exam** **This exam is broken into five sections, representing the five exam units in this course. Within each section there are four multiple-choice questions (2 Points Each) and four short answer questions (4 Points Each). Answer all multiple-choice questions within each section, but you should [SKIP ONE SHORT ANSWER QUESTION PER SECTION.] As a result each section is worth a total of 20 points, and the exam as a whole is worth 100 points.** **Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Page intentionally left blank.** **SECTION 1 -- Principles of Life and Properties of Biomolecules** 1\) I am comparing the mean wing length of two bird species. After running a t-test, I come up with p = 0.02. This means I: a\) Reject my null hypothesis b\) Must Reanalyze the data c\) Have a small sample size d\) Fail to reject my null hypothesis 2\) Viruses are not living things. However, they do have at least one characteristic of living things. Which of these is it? a\) Cells and Organization b\) Energy Use and Metabolism c\) Biological Evolution d\) Growth and Development 3\) An amino acid that you must consume in your diet is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ amino acid a\) Non-essential b\) Polarized c\) Fatty d\) Essential 4\) The temperature in an ecosystem would be an example of a(n): a\) Abiotic Factor b\) Biotic Factor c\) Lithosphere Factor d\) Cryosphere Factor 5\) List three differences between DNA and RNA. 6\) Species A and B are in the same family, but not the same genus. Species C and D are in the same order, but not the same family. Species E and F are in the same class, but not the same order. Which pair is the most closely related? Why? 7\) What is a polar molecule, and what does that have to do with hydrogen bonding? 8\) What is a scientific theory? **Section 2 -- Principles of Cell Biology** 9\) The chlorophylls inside chloroplasts can absorb visible light from all of these colors EXCEPT: a\) Blue b\) Green c\) Orange d\) Indigo 10\) Bacterial cells are: a\) Prokaryotic b\) Eukaryotic c\) Non-Specialized d\) Larger than Human Cells 11\) Relative to a typical animal cell, fresh water from a clear, pristine stream is: a\) Hypotonic b\) Isotonic c\) Hypertonic d\) Mesotonic 12\) In osmosis, water moves from areas of \_\_\_\_\_\_ solute concentration to areas of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ solute concentration. a\) High, Low b\) Low, High c\) Low, Low d\) High, High 13\) What is active transport, and in what conditions is it required? 14\) What is the \"endosymbiotic theory\"? What is the evidence for it? 15\) List the three components of the cell theory and give a notable exception to it. 16\) Describe one of the two mechanisms for how antibiotic resistance develops in microbes. **Section 3 -- Metabolism and Photosynthesis** 17\) The enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in photosynthesis is: a\) Rubisco b\) Camase c\) Flonase d\) Dehydrogenase 18\) Which of these is NOT a law of thermodynamics? a\) Energy cannot be created or destroyed b\) Entropy in the universe increases over time c\) All free energy can be recaptured by organisms d\) The entropy of a substance at absolute zero becomes constant 19\) Which of these is a situation that can impact the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate? a\) Changed pH b\) Changed temperature c\) Both d\) Neither 20\) In a redox reaction \_\_\_\_\_\_ is/are transferred from one atom/molecule to another. a\) Good Vibes b\) Temperature c\) Neutrons d\) Electrons 21\) Why do humans need oxygen to survive, from a metabolic point of view? Be specific, again addressing the specific chemical process (don't just say "because metabolism"). 22\) Why do plants release O2 into the atmosphere? Be specific -- address the chemical processes (don't just say "because photosynthesis"! 23\) From a strictly metabolic perspective, why do humans need water to survive, once again being very specific on the chemical process involved? 24\) Why is it that, after intense exercise, we often breathe most heavily AFTER the exercise is completed, rather than before? Hint: The answer is not just "we are tired", discuss the metabolic processes involved. **Section 4 -- Genetic Processes** 25\) The starting point on a chromosome for RNA Transcription is the: a\) Origin b\) Promoter c\) Terminator d\) Replication Fork 26\) mRNA vaccine technology began being developed: a\) Within the last four years, in response to COVID b\) A few decades ago, in response to other diseases c\) Over three hundred years ago d\) I don't know my uncle said that they were invented by aliens to subjugate us 27\) Following transcription, the portions of the transcript that are RETAINED are known as: a\) Exons b\) Introns c\) Splicons d\) Draft Picks 28\) Which of these is made by translation? a\) Messenger RNA b\) DNA c\) Polypeptide Chain d\) A spaceship 29\) When we say that genetic material is transmissible, what does that mean? 30\) What is the importance of variation in genetic material within a population? 31\) How do mRNA vaccines work, compared to more traditional vaccines? 32\) What is a \"Recombinant Organism\"? State one potential use of recombinant organisms. **Section 5 -- Genetic Inheritance** 33\) The actual expressed traits of an organism that can be observed are its: a\) Genotype b\) Haplotype c\) Phenotype d\) Karyotype 34\) A mutation that causes a different amino acid to be present than what was supposed to be there is a \_\_\_\_\_ Mutation a\) Silent b\) Nonsense c\) Missense d\) Magneto 35\) Two homologous chromosomes have: a\) The same loci, but some different alleles b\) The same alleles, but some different loci c\) Adverse Reactions to Each Other d\) Convergence 36\) A trait that is dictated by the genotype, rather than the environment, is considered: a\) Information b\) Amiable c\) Digestible d\) Heritable 37\) What is a possible consequence of a mutation in checkpoint protein genes, and why? 38\) Are genetic diseases more likely to be caused by dominant or recessive alleles? Why? 39\) Let\'s say Jon, who is heterozygous Blood type B, marries Daenaerys, who is type O. They have a daughter, Lyanna. What is Lyanna\'s likelihood of being type A? Type AB? Type B? Type O? SHOW YOUR PUNNETT SQUARE FOR THIS! 40\) Let\'s say gene B controls fur color in mice, with a pattern of incomplete dominance where Black is dominant over White. If two black mice are bred, what percentage of the offspring will be black? Gray? White? SHOW YOUR PUNNETT SQUARE FOR THIS!