Fecal Examination (Exercise 1) - PDF

Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 1 Fecal Examination in the Diagnosis of Parasitism Veterinary Helminthology Fecal Examination Provide evidence of...

Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 1 Fecal Examination in the Diagnosis of Parasitism Veterinary Helminthology Fecal Examination Provide evidence of or accurate identi cation of most of the parasites which inhabit the alimentary tract. Parasites of the respiratory tract can be diagnosed Mange or scrub mites may appear in the feces Reveals (to a limited extent) the status of digestion Veterinary Helminthology fi Fecal Examination Animals may swallow certain objects that resemble parasite forms, known as pseudoparasites. Example: pollen grains, plant hairs, grain mites, mold spores, and a variety of harmless plant and animal debris Spurios Parasites are also encountered Example: parasite eggs or cyst from one species of host may be found in the feces of a scavenger or predator host as the result of coprophagy Veterinary Helminthology Pseudoparasites Veterinary Helminthology  Fecal Sample Collection Fresh feces should be used Old samples may become dehydrated, making suspension di cult, also worm ova or coccidial cyst may undergo development, hatching, or disintegration to such a degree as to interfere with diagnosis. If the sample is to be transported for more than a few hours it must be preserved 10% formalin keep it refrigerated Veterinary Helminthology ffi Microscopic Examination of Feces A. Simple Fecal Smear Method B. Qualitative microscopic concentration methods of fecal examination Sugar Flotation Technique Willi’s Brine Flotation Technique Modi ed Fluke Egg Technique C. Quantitative Method of Fecal Examination Stoll Ova-Counting Technique McMaster Egg-Counting Technique Beaver’s Direct Egg-Count Technique Larval Culture of Sheep and Goat Baermann Apparatus Filter Paper Strips Veterinary Helminthology fi Simple Fecal Smear Method Veterinary Helminthology  Qualitative microscopic concentration methods of fecal examination Fecal Flotation Technique Veterinary Helminthology Qualitative microscopic concentration methods of fecal examination Fecal Flotation Technique Veterinary Helminthology  Qualitative microscopic concentration methods of fecal examination Fecal Sedimentation Technique Veterinary Helminthology Quantitative methods of fecal examination Veterinary Helminthology Veterinary Helminthology  Calculation: Identify and count all eggs within the engraved area of both chambers Count the eggs inside the chambers. Record it Take not the eggs with asterisk shouldn’t be included in the count Veterinary Helminthology Calculation: Veterinary Helminthology Veterinary Helminthology Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Ruminant: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Pigs: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Poultry: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Horse: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Dogs & Cats: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Rabbits: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Rodents: Veterinary Helminthology Common Helminth Eggs in Reptiles: Veterinary Helminthology Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Assist nt Professor I a a a  Parasitic Worms DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Exercise 2 Family Fasciolidae DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  General Characteristics The body is large and leaf-like, with suckers close together at the anterior end Parasites of the liver and bile ducts of herbivorous mammals and man Hermaphrodite Ovary and testes are dendritic Eggs have a large operculum DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Family Fasciolidae Fasciola F. gigantica F. hepatica Fascioloides F. magna Fasciolopsis F. buski DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Genus Fasciola F. hepatica F. gigantica temperate regions Tropical regions Larger size broader anterior Less prominent broad shoulder shoulders Parallel margins greyish-brown in Narrow cone that color bears oral and ventral suckers DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Fasciola sp “liver uke” FH: cattle, water bu aloes, small ruminants, rabbit, human and other mammals IH: 1st: Snail (Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa, L. philippinensis or L. viridis) PS: Liver (immature) and Bile duct (mature) DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology fl ff  Life Cycle DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Egg yellowish operculated 120μm x 90 μm length Filled with granulated cells DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Miracidium The miracidium is completely covered with cilia and has a conical papilla at its anterior end swims in water 24 hrs life span DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Sporocyst without cilia contains germinal balls 1 sporocyst= 5-8 rst generation redia DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology fi  Redia has mouth part and digestive organs with germinal balls, which are progenitors of second generation of redia DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Cercaria tadpole-like larva discoidal body and a long tail for swimming 1 miracidium = 650 cercariae leptocercous/gymnocephalus DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Metacercaria infective stage to the host encyst in vegatation DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Intermediate host Lymn e uricul ri rubiginos DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology a a a a a a DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Pipe-stem liver DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Fascioloides magna largest known trematode FH: cattle, horse, sheep, pigs and white-tailed deer IH: 1st: Snail (Fossaria spp., Lymnaea) PS: Liver (immature) and Bile duct (mature) DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Fasciolopsis buski FH: man and pig IH: 1st: Snail (Planorbis spp, Segmentina spp) PS: small intestine DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology  Other lukes… DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology f  Importance Clostridium novyi Black disease Acute uke disease invasion of the liver by young uke Chronic uke disease presence of adult trematodes in the bile ducts Condemnation DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology fl fl fl  Treatment Clorsulon + Ivermectin Albendazole DR. MICHAEL DEITHER agdippa Veterinary Helminthology End Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 3 Family P amphist atidae Veterinary Helminthology ar om General Characteristics Pear-shaped worms Ventral sucker at the posterior end Found in the stomach and rumen, often in cecum and colon Veterinary Helminthology Genera Paramphistomum Calicophoron Cotylophoron Gastrodiscoides Veterinary Helminthology Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Paramphistomum cervi oral sucker intestinal ceca Tegument has no spines Testes are located anteriorly to the ovary and testis lightly lobed FH: cattle, sheep, and goats IH: 1st: Snail (Physa, Bulinus, Galba, and ovary Pseudosuccinea) PS: rumen posterior sucker Veterinary Helminthology Calicophoron calicophorum FH: ruminants IH: 1st: fresh water snail PS: rumen and reticulum Veterinary Helminthology Cotylophoron sp FH: ruminants IH: 1st: fresh water snail PS: rumen and reticulum Veterinary Helminthology Gastrodiscoides hominis FH: humans, monkeys and apes IH: 1st: Helicorbis coenosus PS: intestine Veterinary Helminthology Importance No clinical signi cance, unless heavy infestation can cause hypoproteinemia, anemia, and death Larvae burrow deeply into and sometimes through the wall of the small intestine Veterinary Helminthology fi  Treatment Hexachlorophene in a single dose of 20 mg/kg and oxyclozanide in two doses of 19 mg/kg 3 days apart were highly e cient against juvenile and adult paramphistome ukes Veterinary Helminthology fl ffi end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 4 Family Schistos atidae Veterinary Helminthology om General Characteristics Parasites of veins of the mesenteries of the digestive and urinary tracts of birds and mammals Sexes are separate Eggs lack operculum No metacercarial and redial stage Veterinary Helminthology Genera Schistosoma Heterobilharzia Veterinary Helminthology Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Schistosoma japonicum male Blood uke Eggs hatch in water by agitation Schistosomula (young ukes) FH: cattle, horse, sheep, goat, dog, cat, rabbit, female rodents, pig and human IH: 1st: Snail (Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi) PS: portal and mesenteric veins Veterinary Helminthology fl fl Gynecophoric canal Veterinary Helminthology Schistosoma sp Non-operculated eggs Contains fully developed miracidium Veterinary Helminthology Schistosoma cercariae furcocercous Veterinary Helminthology Intermediate Host Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi Veterinary Helminthology Importance Schistosomiasis Cercarial dermatitis Veterinary Helminthology Heterobilharzia americana Swimmer’s itch Penetrates and abortively migrates in human skin Schistosomula (young ukes) FH: raccoon, nutria, bobcat, rabbit, and dog IH: 1st: Snail (Lymnaea cubensis) PS: mesenteric veins Veterinary Helminthology fl Heterobilharzia americana Heterobilharzia in a pancreatic vein of a beagle. Histologic section showing the smaller female being held in the gynecophoral canal of the male. Veterinary Helminthology Importance can cause signi cant liver and bowel wall pathology in dogs that is associated with lethargy, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, hyporexia, anorexia, hypercalcemia, and polyuria/polydipsia Veterinary Helminthology fi Treatment Febendazole - H. americana Veterinary Helminthology Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 5 Family Dicrocoeliidae Veterinary Helminthology General Characteristics small parasites of the gallbladder, bile, and pancreatic ducts of mammals, birds, and reptile body is translucent ovary is posterior to the testes lack cuticle spines Veterinary Helminthology Family Dicroeliidae Genera Dicrocoelium Platynosomum Eurytrema Veterinary Helminthology Dicrocoelium dendriticum Lanceolate uke/ Lancet uke/ Small liver uke FH: sheep, cattle, pigs, deer, llamas, alpacas, woodchucks, and cottontail rabbits IH: 1st Snail (Cionella lubrica, Zebrina detrital) 2nd Ant (Formica fusca) PS: bile ducts Veterinary Helminthology fl fl fl Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Dicrocoelium dendriticum Zebrina detrital Formica sp Veterinary Helminthology Dicrocoelium dendriticum Veterinary Helminthology Dicrocoelium dendriticum Veterinary Helminthology Dicrocoelium dendriticum dark brown operculated with attened side Veterinary Helminthology fl Importance causes progressive hepatic cirrhosis manifested clinically as cachexia, lowered wool production, decreased lactation, and premature aging Veterinary Helminthology Treatment Albendazole Praziquantel Veterinary Helminthology Platynosomum fastosum cat liver uke Less lanceolate Testes are horizontal in position FH: cat IH: 1st Snail (Sublima sp), 2nd Woodlouse, sow bug, isopod PS: liver and pancreatic duct Veterinary Helminthology fl Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Platynosomum fastosum brownish egg thick shell Veterinary Helminthology Importance No severe disease produced Causes cat liver uke disease or Lizard Poisoning (diarrhea, vomiting, and progressive icterus) associated with the development of cholangiocarcinomas Veterinary Helminthology fl Treatment Praziquantel 20 mg/kg markedly reduced the number of Platynosomum eggs passed in the feces of cats Surgical removal Albendazole Veterinary Helminthology Eurytrema sp Eurytrema pancreaticum Eurytrema escuderoi Eurytrema ovis Eurytrema coelomaticum Veterinary Helminthology Eurytrema sp FH: sheep, cattle, bu alo IH: 1st land snail, 2nd Long- horned grasshopper/cricket Veterinary Helminthology ff Eurytrema sp Eurytrema pancreaticum- pancreas, occasionally bile duct of cattle, water bu alo and sheep Eurytrema escuderoi- pancreatic duct of cattle and carabao Eurytrema ovis- perirectal fat of sheep Eurytrema coelomaticum- pancreatic duct of cattle Veterinary Helminthology ff Eurytrema sp E. coelomaticum E. pancreaticum Larger oral sucker than Oral and ventral sucker almost same size acetabulum Triangular or tongue-like Branching, convoluted intestinal ceca posterior appendage Simple intestinal ceca Vitellaria consist of small round follicles Horizontal testes Veterinary Helminthology Eurytrema sp Small oval shaped operculated Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 6 Family Opisthorchiidae Veterinary Helminthology General Characteristics Parasites of the bile and pancreatic ducts and small intestine of dogs, cats, foxes, pigs, and humans The uterus and the ovary are anterior to the testes No cirrus sac Genital pore is immediately anterior to the ventral sucker Veterinary Helminthology Family Opisthorchiidae Genera Opisthorchis/Clonorchis Metorchis Veterinary Helminthology  Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Opisthorchis/Clonorchis sinensis oral sucker ceca Chinese Liver Fluke ventral sucker Lephocercous cercaria vitellaria FH: man, occasionally in dog, cat and pig uterus IH: 1st Snail, 2nd Fishes (Cyprinidae) PS: Gall bladder, bile duct, pancreatic duct and duodenum ovary testes Veterinary Helminthology Opisthorchis/Clonorchis sinensis Branching testes Simple, long intestinal ceca Midline ovary Egg light brown embryonated when laid operculated Veterinary Helminthology Opisthorchis tenuicollis/felineus oral sucker ceca Cat Liver Fluke FH: cat IH: 1st Snail (Bithynia tentaculata), 2nd Common uterus sucker sh (Catostomus) PS: bile ducts; rarely in the intestines and vitellaria pancreatic duct of dogs, cats, pigs and man ovary testes Veterinary Helminthology fi Opisthorchis viverrini oral sucker FH: civet cat ceca IH: 1st Snail (Bithynia tentaculata), 2nd ns, skin uterus and musculature of cyprinoid sh PS: bile ducts; rarely in the intestines and vitellaria pancreatic duct of dogs, cats, pigs and man ovary testes Veterinary Helminthology fi fi Opisthorchis viverrini reddish color when fresh Testes is lobed The ovary is small and lies in the midline at the beginning of the posterior third of the body Vitellaria at the middle third Uterus is coiled tube Veterinary Helminthology Euamphimerus luzonicus FH: Philippine wild chicken (Gallus gallus gallus) PS: bile ducts and liver Veterinary Helminthology Metorchis caintaensis FH: Rail (Rallus rallus philippinensis) PS: intestines Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 7 Family Troglotrematidae & Paragonimidae Veterinary Helminthology Family Troglotrematidae Nanophyetus salmincola Troglotrema acutum Veterinary Helminthology General Characteristics oral sucker small ukes with nonterminal oral sucker genital pore is immediately posterior to the ventral sucker ventral sucker a cirrus sac is present the paired testes are large and oval and are located at about the level of the mid hindbody Veterinary Helminthology fl Nanophyetus/Troglotrema salmincola FH: dog, cat, coyote, fox, bear, raccoon, or mink IH: 1st Snail (Oxytrema silicula), 2nd Salmon/ trout PS: intestine Host of rickettsial agent, Neorickettsia helminthoeca, the causative agent of “salmon poisoning” in dogs Veterinary Helminthology Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Nanophyetus/Troglotrema salmincola Veterinary Helminthology Importance Salmon poisoning characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis and lymph node enlargement, is diagnosed by the presence of trematode eggs in the patient’s feces Veterinary Helminthology Troglotrema acutum FH: fox, mink IH: 1st Snail, 2nd frog PS: frontal and ethmoidal sinus Veterinary Helminthology Family Paragonimidae oral sucker Paragonimus westermanii Paragonimus kellicoti Paragonimus ringer ventral sucker testes Veterinary Helminthology General Characteristics Oriental lung uke pairs or larger numbers in cysts in the lungs of mammals Lack cirrus sac With dendritic vitellarial network Only genus is Paragonimus Paragonimus kellicotti. Histologic section through two trematodes in a cyst in the lung of a dog. Veterinary Helminthology fl Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Paragonimus westermanii oral sucker FH: variety of wild and domestic ceca mammals IH: 1st Snail (Brotea aspirata), 2nd Crab ventral sucker ovaries (Parathelpusa mistio, Sundathelpusa uterus philippina, Parathelpusa grapsoides) or Cray sh, Prawn, Shrimp or Lobster PS: occurs as cyst in the lungs, brain, testes spinal cord excretory bladder Veterinary Helminthology fi Paragonimus westermanii Brotea sp Parathelpusa sp Veterinary Helminthology Paragonimus kellicoti FH: Cats, dogs, and many species of wild mammals IH: 1st Snail (Pomatiopsis lapidaria), 2nd Freshwater cray sh PS: occurs as a cyst in the lungs Living adult worm recovered at necropsy from a cyst in the lung of a cat. Veterinary Helminthology fi Paragonimus kellicoti Pomatiopsis lapidaria Freshwater cray ish Veterinary Helminthology f Paragonimus westermanii Paragonimus kellicotti Veterinary Helminthology Sections of several adults of Adult of P. kellicotti taken P. kellicotti taken from a from a lung biopsy specimen pleural biopsy Adult of Paragonimus sp., showing a close-up of the taken from a lung biopsy cuticle specimen Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 8 Family Het hyidae Veterinary Helminthology er op General Characteristics small ukes living in the villi of the small intestine the genital pore are withdrawn in a ventrogenital sac one or more gonotyls (muscular suckers surrounding the genital pore) may be present Veterinary Helminthology fl Family Heterophyidae Genera Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Cryptocotyle lingua Veterinary Helminthology Heterophyes heterophyes FH: dog, cat, fox, and man IH: 1st Snail (Pirenella spp, Cerithida spp) 2nd sh PS: small intestine Pirenella spp Cerithida spp Veterinary Helminthology fi  Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Heterophyes heterophyes Small (1-1.7mm by 0.3-0.7mm), pear- shaped uke that is wider posteriorly than anteriorly Ventral Sucker – anterior to the middle of the body Genital sucker- behind the ventral sucker, located at the side which bears 70-80 rods Testes- located horizontally; oval in shape Veterinary Helminthology fl Heterophyes heterophyes Gonotyl the genital sucker a muscular sucker surrounding the genital pore Veterinary Helminthology Heterophyes heterophyes 15-17 x 28-30μm Yellowish brown Thick shelled Opercular ring Abopercular knob Operculated Abopercular knob Embryonated Veterinary Helminthology Metagonimus yokogawai FH: dog, cat, pig, and man IH: 1st Snail (Semisulcospira libertina) 2nd Cyprinid sh, mullet, trout PS: small intestine Veterinary Helminthology fi Metagonimus yokogawai Grey Mullet Rainbow Trout Common Carp Veterinary Helminthology Metagonimus yokogawai oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH), intestine (IN), genitoacetabulum (GA), ovary (OV), the large, paired testes (TE), and eggs within the uterus (EG) Veterinary Helminthology  Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Metagonimus yokogawai Opercular shoulder 15-17 x 26-28μm Yellowish brown Thick shelled Operculated Abopercular knob Embryonated Veterinary Helminthology Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Veterinary Helminthology Cryptocotyle lingua FH: gulls and terns, produces severe enteritis in dogs, foxes, and minks IH: 1st marine Snail (Littorina littorea) 2nd North Atlantic sh PS: small intestine Veterinary Helminthology fi Cryptocotyle lingua the parasite causes ‘black spot disease’ (1) oral sucker, (2) ventral sucker, (3) intestine (caecum branches), (4) vitellaria (5) ovary (6) testes. Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 9 Family Diplost atidae & S igeidae Veterinary Helminthology tr om Family Diplostomatidae Genera Alaria alata Alaria canis Alaria americana Veterinary Helminthology General Characteristics Anterior forebody is attened or Ventral Groove spoon-shaped Forebody Posterior hind body is conical and contains the reproductive organs Oral and ventral sucker found at forebody Hindbody Veterinary Helminthology fl Family Diplostomatidae Veterinary Helminthology Alaria sp. Veterinary Helminthology Alaria sp. Species Hosts Site IH Dog, cat, wild 1st: Snail (Planorbis sp) A. alata carnivores and rarely SI 2nd: Frogs, Toads Paratenic Host: Snake, human Rodents 1st: Snail (Heliosoma) A. canis Dog, fox SI 2nd: Frog, Toads Dog and other 1st: Snails (Planorbis sp) A. americana SI canids 2nd: Frogs, Toads Veterinary Helminthology Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Alaria sp. Oval Operculated Grayish to greenish (A. alata) Furcocercous Yellowish to light brown cercariae (A. canis/A. americana) Veterinary Helminthology Importance Alaria sp organisms in the Histologic section of the lung of a raccoon small intestine of a dog showing a migrating mesocercaria Veterinary Helminthology Treatment Infection with the adult trematode within the intestinal tract of dogs and cats can be treated with praziquantel and probably epsiprantel Veterinary Helminthology Family Strigeidae Genera Apatemon gracilis Parastrigea robusta Cotylurus cornutus Veterinary Helminthology General Characteristics Body with constriction Forebody Anterior attened adhesive organ Posterior cylindrical or oval part Hindbody Veterinary Helminthology fl Apatemon gracilis FH: duck, pigeon, wild birds IH: 1st Snail (Planorbis spp), 2nd Leeches, gut and scales of shes PS: Intestine Haemosis sanguisuga Veterinary Helminthology fi Apatemon gracilis Genital opening posteriorly in a depression called bursa copulatrix Furcocercouse cercaria No redia Veterinary Helminthology Parastrigea robusta Vitellaria are mainly located in the adhesive organ FH: duck IH: unknown PS: Intestine Veterinary Helminthology Cotylurus cornutus FH: duck, pigeon, wild birds IH: snails PS: Intestine Veterinary Helminthology Cotylurus cornutus Oral sucker is smaller than ventral sucker Testes and ovary are arranged one behind the other Similar to Apatemon sp. but a strong copulatory organ is located in the bursa Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology  Veterinary Helminthology VPARA 4205 LAB Dr. Mich el Deither T. Agdipp Instructor I a a  Exercise 10 Oth Trematodes of B ds Veterinary Helminthology er ir  Echinost atidae Veterinary Helminthology om Echinostoma revolutum FH: duck, goose, fowl, pigeon, occasionally human IH: 1st Snail (Planorbis spp), 2nd Snail (Pila luzonica) 37 spines PS: Cecum, cloaca, rectum Veterinary Helminthology Echinostoma revolutum head collar corner spines Veterinary Helminthology Echinostoma revolutum Oral Sucker (OS), the armed collar (CL), the cirrus sac (CS), ventral sucker or acetabulum (AC), uterus containing eggs (UT), ovary (OV), paired testes (TE), and vitelline glands (VT) Veterinary Helminthology Echinoparyphium paraulum FH: duck, pigeon, and human PS: small intestine 37 spines 27 dorsolateral row 5 corner spines Veterinary Helminthology Echiparyphium recurvatum FH: domestic duck, wild duck, fowl and pigeon 45 spines PS: small intestine esp. duodenum 37 dorsolateral row 4 corner spines Veterinary Helminthology Eupharyphium melis FH: domestic duck, wild duck, fowl and pigeon PS: small intestine esp. duodenum 27 spines 19 dorsolateral row 4 corner spines Veterinary Helminthology Echinochasmus perfoliatus FH: dog, cat, fox, pig PS: intestine Veterinary Helminthology Hypoderaeum conoideum FH: duck, goose, swan, wild aquatic birds, fowl, pigeon PS: posterior part of small intestine Veterinary Helminthology  Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Snail Intermediate Hosts Radix sp. rst intermediate host for Lymnaea sp. second intermediate Echinostoma Hortense and a second Gyraulus sp. intermediate host for host for Artyfechinostomum intermediate host for Echinostoma. Echinostoma cinetorchis (Echinostoma) malaynum cinetorchis Veterinary Helminthology fi Snail Intermediate Hosts Viviparus sp. second intermediate Corbicula sp. second intermediate Pila luzonica host for Echinostoma cinetorchis host for Echinostoma echinatum and Echinostoma hortense Veterinary Helminthology Echinostoma sp. Straw-colored 80 to 140μm by 58-90 μm Operculated Veterinary Helminthology Echinostoma sp. Veterinary Helminthology Echinostoma sp. Testes- elongate, oval and slightly lobed Vitellaria-ll the lateral elds almost the entire length Cuticle- spiny Veterinary Helminthology fi fi Echinostoma sp. Veterinary Helminthology  Prosthog imidae Veterinary Helminthology on Prosthogonimus pellucidus FH: Fowl, duck and wild birds IH: 1st Snail, 2nd Dragon y naiads PS: Bursa of fabricius, oviduct and posterior intestine Veterinary Helminthology fl Prosthogonimus pellucidus Testes- horizontal at the midbody Ovary- lobed and lies anterior to the testes and dorsal to the ventral sucker Genital sucker- located anteriorly beside the oral sucker Egg- operculated and bear spine at the opposite pole Veterinary Helminthology Prosthogonimus macrorchis Oviduct uke FH: Chicken and duck IH: 1st Snail, 2nd Dragon y naiads PS: Bursa of fabricius, oviduct Veterinary Helminthology fl fl Prosthogonimus macrorchis Veterinary Helminthology Prosthogonimus sp Species occurring in the Philippines Prosthogonimus cuneatus Prosthogonimus pseudopellucidus Host: Domestic Chicken Veterinary Helminthology  Phil hthalmidae Veterinary Helminthology op Philophthalmus sp Common eye uke FH: bird IH: 1st Snail (Melanoides sp, Thiara sp) 2nd Dragon y naiads PS: Conjunctival sac and orbital cavity Veterinary Helminthology fl fl Snail Intermediate Hosts Melonoides sp Thiara sp Veterinary Helminthology Philophthalmus sp Species occurring in the Philippines Philophthalmus rizalensis- duck Philophthalmus problematicus- chicken Veterinary Helminthology  Life Cycle Veterinary Helminthology Philophthalmus sp Oral Sucker Pharynx Ventral Sucker Uterus Testes oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH), cirrus pouch (CP), ventral sucker/acetabulum (VS), uteri containing eggs (UT), ovary (OV), and testes (TE). Veterinary Helminthology Philophthalmus sp Longitudinal section of Philophthalmus sp. Closer view of the longitudinal section in gure A, Note the large oral sucker (arrow) and showing eggs (darts) within uterine loops, and ventral sucker/acetabulum (dart) spermatic tissue (arrows) Veterinary Helminthology fi Philophthalmus sp Adult P. gralli (arrows) attached to the nictitating membrane fully formed miracidia within the eggs have visible eyespots Veterinary Helminthology Philophthalmus sp P. gralli egg, containing a fully formed miracidium Melanoides tuberculata, the major snail with a dark eyespot intermediate host of P. gralli Veterinary Helminthology Philophthalmus sp Cercariae of P. gralli Distinctive ask-shaped metacercaria of P. gralli Veterinary Helminthology fl Philophthalmus sp Veterinary Helminthology Notocotylidae Veterinary Helminthology  Oral Sucker Notocotylus sp FH: Fowl, duck, goose and wild Cirrus sac aquatic birds IH: 1st Snail 2nd Snail Seminal vesicle Ventral Glands PS: Ceca and rectum Uterus Vitellaria Ovary Testes Veterinary Helminthology Notocotylus sp Absent ventral sucker 3 longitudinal rows of ventral glands Testes- deeply lobed, horizontal and near the posterior end of body Ovary- lobed, intertesticular in position Uterus- consist of more or less regular Ventral Glands transverse coils Genital pore- opens near the oral sucker Vitellaria- occupy the lateral elds anterior to the testes Veterinary Helminthology fi Notocotylus sp egg Veterinary Helminthology Catatropis verrucosa FH: Chicken, duck, goose and wild waterfowl IH: Snail PS: Ceca Veterinary Helminthology Catatropis verrucosa Long and rounded anteriorly and posteriorly No ventral sucker Testes are situated posteriorly and the ovary lies between them Veterinary Helminthology Catatropis verrucosa Ellipsoidal, reddish egg Veterinary Helminthology end Veterinary Helminthology