Exam Summary: Basic Fundamentals of Team Sports PDF

Summary Basic fundamentals of team sports Index 1. Fundamentals 1.................................................................................................................. 1 2. Fundamentals 2........................................................................................................

Summary Basic fundamentals of team sports Index 1. Fundamentals 1.................................................................................................................. 1 2. Fundamentals 2.................................................................................................................. 7 3. Basketball......................................................................................................................... 11 4. Handball............................................................................................................................ 20 5. Football............................................................................................................................. 33 6. Management..................................................................................................................... 42 1. Fundamentals 1 What is team sports? Definition of team sports: - “Episodes pregnant with uncertainty, variability, turbulence, self-organization and emergencies, where cumulative and monocausal criteria have no place, since causality implies reductionism.” (Seirul.lo, 2017) - “A complex system is usually defined as any system formed by interconnected components from which a collective behavior emerges that cannot be inferred from that of its components.“ (Balagué y Torrents, 2011) - Lopez Ros, 2011 “Sport of collaboration and simultaneous opposition in a common and shared space. (...) The collective game is, by definition, shared with others and in front of an opponent.” - Gréhaigne, Richard & Griffin, 2005 “Team sports can be understood as a model of interactions between players and the environment understood as a complex system and with different levels of influence between them.” - Maniel Sergio, 2012 “Sport should not be competitive but coopetitive, which results from the union of cooperation with competition." Differences between individual and team sports Individual sports Team sports Rational Intuitive Analytical Synthetic Reductionist Holistic Linear Non/linear Competitive Cooperative Quantitative Qualitative Analysis models in team sports Analytical model Structuralist model Systemic model The team is the sum The team is more than the Complex structure formed by two of the parts sum of the parts teams: force ratio Team performance Social system that works with The actions of a team are defined  depends on the sum a common goal: structure and by the intentions and actions of of each element common goal are necessary the opposing team Analytical model - Technical - Tactical - Physical - Psychological The structuralist explanation → (elements that appear included in the game regulations of each sport) Conditional factors that describe performance ↓ ↓ Temporal factors that describe performance ↓ ↓ Socials - Conditional factors that describe performance - Game space and different kinds of sub-spaces. - Ball and its functional characteristics and relation with it. - Temporal factors that describe performance - Game total time and its different parts - Specific time for realizing the actions - Socials - Teammates and adversaries - Game principles Human being - athlete structure Open - closed system Team sports is a relation between systems: “force ratio” The systemic explanation (team sports as a relation of complex dynamic systems) - Interaction Its origins on the relations of collaboration and rivalry - Globality Game dynamics, patterns that emerge of this dynamic and its variability - Complexity Not answering to direct, causality interactions: cause-effect - Organization Purposes and intentions that regulate individual actions Examples of interpretations… - Analytical interpretations - Structuralist interpretations - Systemic interpretations The technique Definition: “The technique is related to the way we do the actions." (Espar, 2011) Technique is understood as all those skills that we develop with the elements of our environment, whether fixed or variable, in the pursuit of achieving a goal. The characteristics that define these skills are (Riera, 2005): - They are associated with a specific task (and may require an instrument). - They imply a relationship with the environment. - They are demonstrated in the effective accomplishment of the task. - They are learned. In every sporting situation there are multiple possible suitable solutions and each athlete will execute the one that best suits their personal characteristics. Technical content Basketball Handball Volleyball Football Pass, shot, bounce, Pass, reception, Finger and forearm Pass, control, pivots, grip, handling, shoot, bounce, pass, shot, serve, shooting, dribbling, etc… etc… placement, etc… etc… Basic defense Marking, blocking, Blocking, reception, Entry, interception, position, interception, interception, steal, fall, etc… marking, robbery, etc… etc… anticipation, etc… Tactics Definition: "The fundamental aspect of the game has to do with each player making appropriate decisions and being able to execute them in pursuit of a common benefit." (López Ros, 2011) Athletes' performance in game situations responds to a prior mental solution defined by the ability to perceive and analyze game situations, which was followed by decision-making that guides and delimits motor actions (especially, motor actions). (Mahlo, 1974) Elements que that influence and define tactical content: - Teammates - Adversaries - Ball - Space & Time - Contextual variables (result, play away/home, opposition, etc.) - Individual characteristics (human being structures) Tactical content Basketball Handball Volleyball Football Playing open, Successive Systems of attack, Wall, third man, occupying free progressions, pass counterattack, width-depth, space, playing with and go, crosses, individual tactic of the uncheck, … and without the ball, blocks, screens, (...), attack of the keeping the ball, … curtains, … reception of the Coverage, auction, … swap, line Individual defense, Change of opponent, height, defensive placement, landslides, Swaps, individual numerical defensive rebound, counter-blocking, … defense tactics, relationship, … … reception systems, … The tactical act (information theory) Perception Decision making Execution Player perceives stimuli Info is analysed, related and This answer becomes a from the context through the compared with previous technical-tactical action senses. experiences and an answer inside the reality of the These stimuli generates info is selected responding to player using his physical in the players brains the demands of the context. condition. Decision making process depends on: - Perceptual ability of the athlete (visual, behaviour, attention, memory, anticipation, degree of perceptual difficulty) - Number of options to decide on - Level of risk or uncertainty involved in taking - Level of previous knowledge of the athlete - Contextual factors: time and time pressure Iceberg theory → You can only see the top and you can’t see what it’s based on. See following image for more context. Systemic Model (decision making, ecological approach) Araujo, D. y Hristovki, R. (2006) The ecological dynamics of decision making in sport. Psychology of Sport and exercise, 7(6), 653-676 “Decision-making involves aligning individual actions with the context toward a goal. These decisions arise from a cyclic process of seeking information to act and then acting to gather more information. Decision making (Araujo, 2011) Decision making process from information theory  Perception ↓ ↓ Information transformation ↓ ↓ Information analysis ↓ ↓ Selecting and answer ↓ ↓ Action execution Training objective - Analytical - Ideal model as reference - Repetition of preconceived actions: mechanization - Systemic - Focus on functional relationships with the environment - Exploration of the possibilities of action (unique to each individual) Analytical → Systemic → “Improving our decision-making process is like studying our mother tongue. It requires that we consciously reflect on something we do unconsciously.” Kasparov, 2007 2. Fundamentals 2 What is team sports? Team sports are a relationship between systems: “force ratio”  Team sports Intuitive Synthetic Holistic Non/linear Cooperative Qualitative Types of team sports: The type of a team sports is based on: - Type of relationship - Usage of space - Participation on ball Types of relationship: - Collaboration: Players within the same team perform coordinated actions to help each other in order to achieve offensive progressions or perform defensive actions on the attack of the opposing team. Communication, coverage, aids, swaps, changes, supports, spacing - Opposition: Players on a team perform actions to prevent the offensive actions of the opposing team. These actions may be on players in possession of the ball, on those who do not have the ball or from defensive movements to modify spaces and times of the attacking actions. Delay, steal, avoid, clear, cover, guard, enter, dial. - Coopetitive sport Usage of space: - Invasive: The two teams share space to attack and defend. The possibility of occupying the opposing playing space will have consequences on tactical decisions in match and the execution of technical skills. Players will see their action time reduced and their motor skills modified by the possibilities of physical contact. Importance of decision making. - Non invasive: Players do not occupy the opponent’s space. That will allow the player to be completely focused on the use of their technical skills, the control of space and the perception and application of the game strategies. The main variable of attention will be the relationship with the ball and its use in the communication with teammates. Importance of execution. Participation on ball - Simultaneous: Both teams can intervene on the ball at the same time. The regulation shall define the characteristics or conditions for regulating such intervention. Players will be able to try to seize the ball at all times. - Alternative: The dynamics of the game do not allow interaction between players from different teams to obtain the ball. A computer must allow and wait for the opposing team’s attack action to be performed. During this time, you will perform actions preparing the defense. Phases and moments of the game  - Offensive transition - Organized attack - Defensive transition - Organised defense For example with volleyball - Reception - Setting - Spike - Block - Reception - Setting - Spike Main types of behavior by phase - Organized attack - Combinative - Typical concepts associated with the behaviors of this type of style: Breadth and depth, spacing, intervals, passing, strong side-weak side, tilting. - Direct play - Traditionally. In recent years some teams have involved to combinative: Manchester City or Brighton & Hove Albion - Typical concepts associated with the behaviors of this type of style: Depth, speed, risk, look ahead, intensity, free player. - Handball: Limitation by passivity, limiting behaviors - Defensive transition - Pressure after loss - Typical concepts associated with the behaviors of this type of style: Recover quickly, avoid counterattack, cause foul, interrupt, slow down, annoy, delay - Direct relationship with the size of the track. More space, more likely to behave differently - Intense retreat - Typical concepts associated with the behaviors of this type of style: Recover space, reorganize, close, protect end zone, coverages, protect center lane. - Direct relationship with the size of the track. More space, more likely to behave differently - Basketball and handball will always ask for quick transition - Organised defense - Block height - Typical concepts associated with the behaviors of this type of style: - High pressure - all court: High pressure, individual mark, find pairs, duels, 1v1, close pass options - Middle block - wait, define zone, coverage, tilt - Low block - close spaces, protect definition zone, reduce risks, together.  - Defense type - Typical concepts associated with the behaviors of these two types of style: - Proactive: Steal, intercept, flag, cause error - Reactive: Reduce spaces, balance, wait, hold - Offensive transition - Counter attack - Typical concepts associated with the behavior of these two types of style: Depth speed. risk, looking ahead, intensity, free player, taking advantage of disorganization. - Pass security - Typical concepts associated with the behaviours of this type of style: Restart, secure/maintain possession, do not risk, player released, start over, patience. - Basketball: After rebounding or stealing, look for the player who builds play (usually point guard) Game principles Objective of the training - Analytical - Ideal model as reference - Repetition of preconceived actions: mechanization - Systemic - Focus on functional relationships with the environment - Exploration of the possibilities of action (unique to each individual) Analytical → Systemic → Decision making (ecological perspective, Araujo, 2011) “Decision-making is directing the course of the individual’s interactions with context in the direction of a goal, and decisions emerge from this cyclical process of seeking information to act and act to detect information.” 3. Basketball Index 1. General organization 2. General rules 3. NBA vs FIBA 4. Basketball history 5. Modern basketball 1. General organization Organizations - FIBA (fédération internationale de basketball) (international basketball federation). It is the world governing body for basketball, responsible for organizing international competitions and promoting the sport globally. It is founded in 1932, the FIBA oversees the rules of basketball, develops the game worldwide, and sanctions international events such as: - FIBA Basketball World Cup (every four years for men and women) - Olympic basketball tournament (in collaboration with the IOC (International Olympic Committee) - Continental championships (FIBA EuroBasket, FIBA Americas, etc.) It works also on standardizing rules, managing rankings for national teams and fostering the sport’s growth at all levels. The headquarters are in Mies, Switzerland. - FIBA Europe → regional governing body for basketball in Europe, operating under the umbrella of FIBA. It is responsible for managing and promoting basketball across the European continent, organizing competitions, and overseeing basketball development programs in the region. Tournaments that are organized by the FIBA Europe - FIBA Eurobasket (European basketball championship) (both genders) (nations) - Youth tournaments (U16, U18, U20) (both genders) (nations) - Euroleague Women (clubs) - Eurocup Women (clubs) - Coordinating with independent European leagues like the Euroleague (men) organized by Euroleague Basketball - Euroleague Basketball - ACB - American basketball association - Federation espanola de baloncesto - Worldcup - NBA 2. General rules Teams/ number of players - Two teams of 12 players, with maximum of 5 players in the court in any moment - Teams will be able to sign 15 players for all season - During the game, teams can change players all times they want The objective - Game objective is to throw the ball in the basket of the other team - The team with more points at the end of the game wins Game time - The game consists in 4 periods of 10 minutes (FIBA) - If the score is a draw, there will be an extra-time of 5 minutes. Teams will be playing extra-time until one of them finish with more points Score - A shoot scored next to the basket (inside the three-point line) have the value of 2 points - A shoot scored out of the three-point line (not stepping it), have the value of 3 points - A free-throw shoot have the value of 1 point Three ways to score - Dunk - Jumpshot - Layup Ball movement - Ball can be moved from one player to another or dribbling & handle for one player from one point to another (bounced while walking or running)  - Before passing or throwing the ball, the player can do 2 steps with the ball in the hands - When the player keep the ball with both hands after bounced it, can’t put the ball on the court and dribbling another time. - When the team in offensive phase gets into the half-court of the other team, can’t come back to its own half-court another time. Shot clock - When a team is in possession ball, it has maximum 24 seconds to get a shoot - Three second violation is the rule that says that a player cannot stay inside the paint for more than 3 consecutive seconds. Fouls - A personal foul happens when there is an illegal contact between two adversaries. A player that does more than 5 personal fouls is eliminated (end of his game) - A foul made on a player attempting a shot results in the award of the same number of free throws as those for the foul scored (two from inside the three-point line, three from outside) If a player is fouled, on the attempted shot and scores, points for the shot and an additional free throw will be awarded. - Once the team has committed four fouls in a period, each additional foul (even if it occurs to a player not attempting a shot) will result in the automatic award of two free throws. Signs of the referee  3. NBA vs FIBA RULE FIBA NBA NCAA Duration of game Four, 10 minute Four, 12 minute Two, 20 minute periods periods halves Overtime duration 5 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes Duration between 2 minutes 120 seconds Not applicable first-second and third-fourth periods Length of halftime 15 minutes 15 minutes 15 minutes Court length 91’ 10” × 49’ 2.5” 94’ × 50’ 94’ × 50’ Size of lane 19’ 8.2” × 19’ 0.3” 16’ × 19’ 12’ × 19’ Three-point FG 20’ 6.1” 23’ 9’’ (22’ in corner) 19’ 9’’ distance Shot clock 24 seconds 24 seconds 35 seconds Shot clock reset FG attempt hits rim FG attempt hits rim FG attempt hits rim Back court violation 8 seconds 8 seconds 10 seconds Game clock stops Last two minutes of Last two minutes of Last minute of the after successful FG the 4th period and the 4th period and 2nd half and the last overtime overtime minute of overtime Player foul limit 5 6 5 Bonus free throw 5th foul per period 5th foul per period 7th foul per half (two FT’s) (one-on-one only) (one-on-one) 10th foul per half (two FT’s) Number of players 5 (three defensive, 5 (three defensive, 6 (four defensive, permitted on free two offensive) two offensive) two offensive) throw lane Jump ball Yes Yes The alternate progression after opening tip off Legal Alley-oop Yes Yes Yes Touch ball on/above Yes No No cylinder Closely guarded for Yes (while holding No Yes (while 5 seconds ball) holding/dribbling ball) Number of referees Two (three can be Three Three used in competitions if the zone or host federation wish to) Timeouts - game Non-televised game 1 60 second in each 6 full, 1 20 second 4 75 second and 2 of the first 3 periods. per half 30 second per game 2 in 60 second in the 4th period Televised 1 60 second in each 6 full, 1 20 second 1 60 second, 4 30 of the first 3 periods. per half second per game; 2 in 60 second in unused 60 second the 4th period and max of 3 unused 30 second carry over to second  half Timeouts-overtime 1 additional 60 3 additional full 1 additional 30 second second timeout and unused30-second timeouts carry over Timeouts called by Coach Players in the game Head coach or players in the game Sizde of basketball Maximum Around channels 29 Maximum circumference 78cm ½” to 29 ¾”. Across circumference 30” (30.7”) channels 29 ⅝” to seams 1/4” Max. 29 ⅞” Legal jersey 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, All numbers 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, numbers 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31,32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 4. Basketball history The beginning of the game Historical evolution Pok-a-pok, a game in which a solid rubber ball was used that had to be struck with the thighs and hips, and the losers were sacrificed to offer them to the gods (maya) And the modern basketball? Basketball, in 1891 in the United States, by James Naismith, Professor of physical Education at the YMCA University, Springfield (Massachusetts). Naismith wanted a sport that could be played in the gym, to get through the harsh, cold winter days. He looked at the sports that were then - rugby, baseball, soccer, etc. - based primarily on strength or physical contact and thought of one that required more ability. The teacher asked the steward for boxes 50 centimeters in diameter and what he got were two baskets of peaches that he hung on each side of the gym track; 3.05 meters high. This is how the name basketball came about. Basketball quickly caught on in the US and it didn’t take long to make the leap to Europe. It was an exhibition sport in the Olympic games in Amsterdam (1928) and Los Angeles (1932), but in the Olympic Games in Berlin (1936) it became an Olympic category. The 13 original rules of basketball - James Naismith 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist) 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it.  5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the time, no substitute allowed. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3, 4 and such as described in rule 5. 7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul) 8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds: if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side. 10. The umpire shall be judge on the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men by according to rule 5. 11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds to wich side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes’ rest between 13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made. Timeline - 1904 → JJOO Saint Louis: exhibition games - 1936 → JJOO Berlin: Olympic sport - 1950 → 1st World Championship: Argentina - 1953 → 1st Women’s World Championship: Chile - 1972 → JJOO Munich: 1st year that USA didn't win. URSS wins - 1976 → JJOO Montreal: Women’s olympic sport - 1992 → JJOO Barcelona: Dream Team World champions mens’ 1 United states 5 gold, 3 silver, 4 bronze 2 Yugoslavia / FR Yugoslavia 5 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze 3 Soviet union 3 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze  4 Brazil 2 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze 5 Spain 2 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze 6 Germany 1 gold, 2 silver, 0 bronze 7 Argentina 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze World champions womens’ 1 United states 11 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze 2 Soviet union 6 gold, 2 silver, 0 bronze 3 Australia 1 gold, 1 silver, 4 bronze 4 Brazil 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze Olympic Championships Mens Womens 1 United states 17 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze United states 10 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze 2 Soviet Union 2 gold, 4 silver, 3 bronze Soviet Union 2 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 3 Yugoslavia / 1 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze Unified team 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze FR Yugoslavia 4 Argentina 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze Australia 0 gold, 3 silver, 3 bronze 5. Modern basketball DATA Analytics Quantitative vs Qualitative - Game rhythm (PACE): Number of players for each 48 minutes - Effective field goals (eFG%): Consider the shots of 2 and 3 together (formula)  - True shooting percentage (TS%): Shot of two, three and free throws - Rebound (efficiency): Percentage of rebounds obtained in each hoop in relation to the total possibilities of rebounding. DRB% (defensive) and ORB% (offensive) - Turnovers: Related to the number of possessions and the number of baskets that are awarded after loss - Offensive use (USG%): Volume of possessions in which a player ends or loses possession in a team - Net efficiency - How many points are scored allowed per possession - Player +/-: Number of points a player in his played minutes 4. Handball Index 1. General organization 2. General rules 3. Beach handball 4. Handball history 1. General organization - International handball federation (IHF) - European handball federation (EHF) - Real Federación Española de Balonmano (R.F.E.BM) Asociatión de clubes Españoles de Balonmano ADOBAL exercises its functions by delegation of the Royal Spanish Handball Federation, and has organized the successive editions of the following competitions since the 1990-1991 season: - LIGA ASOBAL - SUPERCOPA ASOBAL COPA DEL REY All ASOBAL television rights are assigned to LaLigatv, which offers the matches of the official competitions. Purposes of ASOBAL - The promotion of all kinds of activities related to HAndball that contribute to its progress and development - The organization of championships, competitions, sporting events or events, being able to share organization in coordination with the Royal Spanish Handball Federation (...) - The collective or individual defense of the management and the interests and rights of the member clubs and their representation before any person, entity or public or private body - The participation of Associated Clubs in official competitions - The representation of the associated clubs in front of international sports institutions, when so requested - Carry out the functions of guardianship, control and supervision with respect to their associates with respect to the rights and obligations (...)  - Carry out the functions of guardianship, control and financial supervision of the associated clubs (...) Champions league clubs mens competition 2023-2024 2. General rules Handball Beach handball The objective - Getting the ball into the opponent’s goal with a throw with the hand, preventing them from doing it in their own. - Each time it is achieved, it is equivalent to 1 point or goal. The team with the most points wins. Team/players number - 7 players on the court (14 called to the matches), with 6 field players and 1 goalkeeper - Both outfield players and goalkeeper can swap positions. Game time - Two 30-minute halves with a 10-minute break (break can last to maximum of 15 minutes) - Extra time, after a 5-minute break, it the match is tied at the end (two 5-minute halves) Ball movement - Throwing, catching, stopping, pushing or hitting the ball with hands, arms, head, trunk, thighs and knees - Hold the ball for up to 3 seconds - Take a maximum of 3 steps with the ball caught Playing the ball: The passive rule - The referee will call a foul if the team in possession of the ball shows a passive attitude during their attack action - It depends on the will of the arbitration couple. There is no set time - Before sanctioning the referees raise their hands to signal a warning (after raising their hand there are 4 passes left) Defense Marking: - Ball holder: proximity - Avoid shoots - Stop shoots - Remove the ball (without touching the attacker) Non-possessor of the ball: distance or proximity - Distance: Control the player - Proximity: avoid advances or prevent ball reception Time outs - 2-minute exclusion or disqualification - A team is granted a time out - The signal from the timekeeper or technical delegate sounds - Consultations between referees are necessary Changes & substitutions - Reserve players can enter the field of play at any time and repeatedly, without warning, as long as the player they are replacing has left the court. (otherwise there will be a 2 minute suspension) - They will have to enter and exit by their own line of changes The goalkeeper - What he can’t do? - Endangering the opponent in defensive action - Leaving the goalkeeper area with the ball under control (free throw for opposite team) - Touching the ball when it is outside the goal area when he is inside (free throw for opposite team) - Introduce the ball into the goal area - Re-entering the goal area with the ball under control - Touching the ball with any surface below the knee when the ball (and goalkeeper) is in the playing area The goalkeeper area - Only the goalkeeper is allowed to enter - It is considered that it has been entered, when a field player touches it with any part of the body - Infractions: Goal kick is done by a team player in attack → free throw, if done by a defender → 7 meters throw (penalty), when it is done avoiding a clear occasion of goal.  3. Beach handball Differences between handball and beach handball - The game is divided into two parts of 10 minutes. In the event of a tie at the end of a half, a golden goal will be scored to break the tie. - Two types of goals: normal and doubles. The normal goals are the same as in normal handball but only by the field players other than the goalkeeper or the one wearing the bib (attacking goalkeeper, breastplate) - Double goals can be scored in three ways: - By breastplate or goalkeeper goal: the breastplate player is the goalkeeper-player situation - Scoring a fly goal, consists of a player passing the ball and the teammate catches it in the air and ends up scoring a goal (still flying) - And scoring a goal by performing a complete 360 turn in the air before falling to the ground (pirouette) - Regarding contact: contact is prohibited except to try to find fault in attack. In the case of illegal contact, the player will be sent of during the possession - Each part has its separate point, they are independent: after each set or part, the one who has scored the most goals wins the set, it will be decided with a golden goal by taking a jump ball between two players. - IN the case of each team winning a part it will be decided who wins in a penalty shootout that will be carried out as a counterattack and in which you have the possibility, as during the whole game, of scoring a 1-point or 2-point goal. (goalkeeper can also score, it works as following: - Fieldplayer throws ball to the goalkeeper - Goalkeeper passes back to fieldplayer (fieldplayer will score) OR goalkeeper throws to score - Fieldplayer has 3 steps left, goalkeeper from opposite team can go outside the area but cannot touch the fieldplayer, except when the fieldplayer makes a foul  - When the ball hits the ground the shootout is over 4. Handball history The beginning of the game Historical evolution In old Greece, there was a game played with the hands, using the ball with the size of an apple, where players need to avoid that the ball touch the ground. Invented at a Danish educational institute by a physical education teacher, Horger Nielsen, in 1898. Years later Max Heiser, German physical education teacher too, played with students a variation of that, called torball. In 1915, Carl Schellenz, another teacher, introduced some changes in the rules and encouraged the practice of the sport. In the early part of the 20th century, handball was played in eleven versus eleven style, practiced outdoors on soccer fields. Due to the colder climate in northern Europe, it is necessary to practice it indoors. It makes a faster and more attractive game. In 1926 the International Handball Regulations were established. In 1928 the International Amateur Handball Federation was founded by 11 countries during the Summer Olympics. The International Handball Federation (IHF) was founded in 1946, establishing its headquarters in Basel (Switserland). In 1954 the IHF organized the first Men’s World Championships, with Sweden becoming champions. In 1965 the Olympic Committee approved the indoor modality for it to be practiced in the Olympic Games. Male category at the 1972 Munich Olympics Games and female category at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. World championship Mens’ 1 France 6 gold, 2 silver, 4 bronze 2 Sweden 4 gold, 4 silver, 4 bronze 3 Romania 4 gold, 0 silver, 2 bronze 4 Denmark 3 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze 5 Germany 3 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze 6 Russia 2 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze 7 Spain 2 gold, 0 silver, 3 bronze 8 Croatia 1 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze 9 Czechoslovakia 1 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze 10 Soviet Union 1 gold, 2 silver, 0 bronze 11 Yugoslavia 1 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze 12 West Germany 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze World championship Womens’ 1 Norway 4 gold, 5 silver, 3 bronze  2 Russia 4 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 3 France 3 gold, 4 silver, 0 bronze 4 Soviet Union 3 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze 5 East Germany 3 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 6 Hungary 1 gold, 4 silver, 4 bronze 7 Yugoslavia 1 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze 8 Denmark 1 gold, 2 silver, 4 bronze 9 Romania 1 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze 10 Czechoslovakia 1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze Netherlands 12 Germany 1 gold, 0 silver, 2 bronze 13 South Korea 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 14 Brazil 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze Mens Womens 1 France 3 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze 1 Norway 3 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze 2 Denmark 2 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze 2 Denmark 3 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze Soviet Union 4 Croatia 2 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 3 South Korea 2 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze Yugoslavia 6 Germany 1 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze 4 Soviet Union 2 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 7 Russia 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 5 France 1 gold, 2 silver, 0 bronze 8 East Germany 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze 6 Russia 1 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze Unified team Yugoslavia 5. Volleyball Index 1. General organization 2. General rules 3. Volleyball history 1. General organization Fédération internationale de volleyball (FIVB) Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV) Real Federación Española de Voleibol (RFEVB) 2. General rules Team/players number - 6 players on the court (14 called to the matches), that will need to rotate in clock sense every time that recover ball possession. - Only 3 in the net can hit and block. - Defenses only will be able to attack if they are jumping before the attack line (3 meters) The objective - Making the ball arriving to the floor on the other half of the court and avoiding it in own half court - Team that wins 3 sets on 5 wins Points - Team that wins the action, wins 1 point - When the team in reception wins the play, wins one point and the right to start next point - Game is played to the best of 5 sets. First 4 sets are in 25 points. The 5th in 15. - Team must win for a difference of 2 points to win the set. Libero - A libero is defensive specialist position in indoor volleyball. The position was added to the game of indoor volleyball in 1999 along with a set of special rules for play in order to foster more digs and rallies and to make the game more exciting overall - Can’t serve and rotate in attacker positions. - Need to play a complete action before becoming substitute. - Wears a different color. Moving the ball - The action start with a player serving, that can be on the floor or jumping - The dig will be done with closed and rotated forearms, trying to direct the ball to a teammate - The setting is used to leave the ball in optimal conditions to be hit for another teammate - The attack or hit try to put the ball on the floor of the other team. Defensive team will try to block it in the net or defend it digging Substitutions - Starter players in every set can be changed 1 time only and can go inside another time for the same player that got inside from him/her - Maximum number of changes are 6, 1 for each player - Libero is a player dedicated only to defense. Can go in and out of the game changing a central player or other that is in defensive position Fouls - Ball finish out of the pitch for a mistake in the attack or a bad defense. Foul for the last in touching the ball - Touching the ball more than 3 times between all team, or two touches the same player - In the moment to serve, a team is not well positioned in the court - When a player keep the ball when passing or setting - Touching the net during the serve - Going inside the court part of the other team - The serve can’t be blocked How to handle the ball: - Serving: Floaters and jump serves - Passing: Fingers or forearms - Setting: Fingers - Hitting: Hands or fingers - Blocking: Hands and arms - Digging: Forearms 3. Volleyball history The beginnings of the game Historical evolution Original name of the sport: “Mintonette”. William Morgan studied at Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) with James Naismith. IN 1895, as director of the YMCA, he realised that some form of recreational competition was necessary to innovate his programs. Basketball, which was just beginning, seems to fit in with young people, it was necessary to find something less violent and intense for older participationers. Invented from his own research and uses in sport, he used tennis as his origin, eliminating the tackets and raising the net to the height of the head of the average height of a person. 10 rules were defined and 5v5 began to play. Volleyball spreads from North American colleges and universities. From here he jumps to Asia where in 1913 he is included in the first Far East Games, in Manila. From here, extension to eastern Europe. In 1918 the 6 players were set per team and in 1922 the 3 touches. Timeline - 1895 → Sports creation - 1947 → FIVB Foundation - 1948 → Rome, 1st European Championship - 1949 → Praga, 1st World Championship - 1964 → Olympic Games in Tokyo - 1996 → Beach volleyball Olympic Games Atlanta World championship Mens’ 1 Soviet Union 6 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze 2 Italy 4 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze 3 Brazil 3 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze 4 Poland 3 gold, 2 silver, 0 bronze 5 Czechoslovakia 2 gold, 4 silver, 0 bronze 6 United Stated 1 gold, 0 silver, 2 bronze 7 East Germany 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze World championship Womens’ 1 Soviet Union 5 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze 2 Japan 3 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze 3 Cuba 3 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze 4 China 2 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze 5 Russia 2 gold, 0 silver, 3 bronze 6 Serbia 2 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze  7 United states 1 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze 8 Italy 1 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze Men’s world ranking Women's world ranking 1. Poland Italy 2. France Brazil 3. United States United states 4. Slovenia Turkey 5. Italy China 6. Japan Poland 7. Brazil Japan 8. Germany Canada 9. Argentina Netherlands 10. Serbia Serbia Olympic games Mens Womens 1 Brazil 3 gold, 3 silver, 0 bronze Soviet Union 4 gold, 2 silver, 0 bronze 2 Soviet Union 3 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze China 3 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze 3 United States 3 gold, 0 silver, 3 bronze Cuba 3 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 4 France 2 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze Japan 2 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze 5 Russia 1 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze Brazil 2 gold, 1 silver, 3 bronze 6 Japan 1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze United states 1 gold, 4 silver, 2 bronze 7 Netherlands 1 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze Italy 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze Poland 9 Yugoslavia 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze It was played for the first time, as a demonstration, in Paris, in 1924; becoming definitive with the Olympic sports plaza in Tokyo 1964. Beach volleyball World ranking Men’s world ranking Women's world ranking 1. Sweden Åhman/Hellvig Brazil Carol/Barbara 2. Norway Mol, A./Sørum, C. Germany Müller/Tillmann 3. Germany Ehlers/Wickler Latvia Tina/Anastasija 4. Netherlands Boermans/de Groot Netherlands Stam/Schoon 5. Brazil George/Andre Brazil Agatha/Rebecca 6. Netherlands van de Velde/Immers Italy Gottardi/Menegatti 7. Brazil Evandro/Arthur Suisse Hüberli/Brunner 8. Qatar Cherif/Ahmed Suisse Vergé-Dépré A./Mäder  9. Italy Cottafava/Nicolai Suisse Esmée/Zoé 10. Cuba Diaz/Alayo Lithuania Paulikiene/Raupelyte Spain Herrera/Gavira United States Evans/Budinger Olympic games Mens Womens 1 United 3 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze 1 United States 4 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze States 2 Brazil 2 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze 2 Brazil 2 gold, 4 silver, 2 bronze 3 Germany 1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze 3 Australia 1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze 4 Norway 1 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 4 Germany 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze 5 Sweden 1 gold, 0 silver, 0 bronze 5 China 0 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze 6 Italy 0 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze 6 Canada 0 gold, 1 silver, 0 bronze ROC Spain 9 Canada 0 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze 7 Switzerland 0 gold, 0 silver, 2 bronze Latvia Netherlands Qatar Switzerland 6. Football Index 1. Football history 2. General organization 3. Football content 1. Football history Some practices related to football From China to Rome 4th century BC, in China: invention of the leather ball. Fu-Hi, Governor, created it by gathering hard roots. Han Dynasty, within an exercise manual for the military (T’sUh Kúh) and consisted of throwing a leather ball stuffed with hair and feathers into a net with the foot. The net was held by two bamboo poles, separated 30-40 cm. 3th century BC, in Egypt: Ball game From Greece to the Roman Empire, in a game called “harpastum”, where the ball was called “pila” or “pilotta”. It was played on a rectangular field, and the ball had to be sent to the opposite field, using one’s own skills. You could not use your feet: historians understand that it was a later development in Britain Pre-Columbian game documented by Jesuit priests from the year 1639 The time of discovering America The linguist Bartomeu Melia affirms that there are records and documents that affirm his thesis and his hypothesis that since 1639 there has been a ball game with the feet that the guarani indigenous people played. For that the same year of 1639, another Jesuit father Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, related the material from which the balls were made. By 1777 this game was very common in public squares and places, especially on Sundays in missionary towns, still unknown in Europe. The new era From Rome to Britania - The Romans brought the game to Britain. At the beginning of the 19th century the ‘dribbling-game’ began to be practiced in public schools and from there it went to the most important universities (Oxford, Cambridge), where the first rules were written (the First Cambridge Regulations appeared in 1848). In 1863 the Football Association (FA) was founded, the so called ‘modern game’ or ‘associated football’ was born and separating from rugby. The separation between rugby and British football or soccer arose at the University of Rugby, where a sport began to be played that allowed you to catch the ball with your hands and run with it. - In 1904 the International Federation of Associated Soccer (FIFA) was founded - In Spain, it begins in the Minas de Riotinto (Huelva). The first Spanish team was born: “Huelva Recreation Club” in 1899 (exclusively English players) 2. General organization - FIFA - UEFA - Real Federación Española de Fútbol Tournaments - UEFA Euro (European Championship) (last one 2024 in Germany, winner: Spain) - FIFA World Cup (world Championship) (last one 2022 in Qatar, winner: Argentina) - Participants: - UEFA (Europe) 8 teams - Conmebol (South America) 6 teams - CAF (Africa) 3 teams - Concacaf (North, Central America and Caribbean) 3 teams - OFC (Ociania) 1 team - AFC (Asia) 1 team Host and World Cup Winners (men) Year Host Winner Final 1930 Uruguay Uruguay Uruguay 4 - 2 Argentina 1934 Italy Italy Italy 2 - 1 Czechoslovakia 1938 France Italy Italy 4 - 2 Hungary 1942 NOT HELD 1946 NOT HELD 1950 Brazil Uruguay Uruguay 2 - 1 Brazil 1954 Switzerland West Germany West Germany 3 - 2 Hungary 1958 Sweden Brazil Brazil 5 - 2 Sweden 1962 Chile Brazil Brazil 3 - 1 Czechoslovakia 1966 England England England 4 - 2 West Germany  1970 Mexico Brazil Brazil 4 - 1 Italy 1974 Germany Germany Germany 2 - 1 Netherlands 1978 Argentina Argentina Argentina 3 - 1 Netherlands 1982 Spain Italy Italy 3 - 1 West Germany 1986 Mexico Argentina Argentina 3 - 2 West Germany 1990 Italy Germany Germany 1 - 0 Argentina 1994 United States Brazil 0-0, then Brazil defeated Italy 3-2 in penalties 1998 France France France 3 - 0 Brazil 2002 Korea & Japan Brazil Brazil 2 - 0 Germany 2006 Germany Italy 1-1, then Italy beat France 5-3 in penalties 2010 South Africa Spain Spain 1 - 0 Netherlands 2014 Brazil Germany Germany 1 - 0 Argentina 2018 Russia France France 4 - 2 Croatia 2022 Qatar Argentina 3-3, then Argentina defeated France 4-2 in penalties 2026 North America Men Team 1st place 2nd place 3th place 4th place Brazil 5 (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2 (1950, 1998) 2 (1938, 1978) 2 (1974, 2014) 2002) Germany 4 (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014) 4 (1966, 1982, 4 (1934, 1970, 1 (1958) 1986, 2002) 2006, 2010) Italy 4 (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006) 2 (1970, 1994) 1 (1990) 1 (1978) Argentina 3 (1978. 1986, 2022) 3 (1930, 1990, 2014) France 2 (1998, 2018) 2 (2006, 2022) 2 (1958, 1986) 1 (1982) Uruguay 2 (1930, 1950) 3 (1954, 1970, 2010) England 1 (1966) 2 (1990, 2018) Spain 1 (2010) 1 (1950)  Logo first world championship men Women's world cup Year Host Winner Final 1991 China United States United States 2 - 1 Norway 1995 Sweden Norway Norway 2 - 0 Germany 1999 United States United States 0-0, then United States defeated China 5-4 in penalties 2003 United States Germany Germany 2 - 1 Sweden 2007 China Germany Germany 2 - 0 Brazil 2011 Germany Japan 2-2, then Japan defeated the United States 3-1 in penalties 2015 Canada United States United States 5 - 2 Japan 2019 France United States United States 2 - 0 Netherlands 2023 Australia & Spain Spain 1 - 0 England New zealand 2027 Brazil Team 1st place 2nd place 3th place 4th place United States 4 (1991, 1999, 1 (2011) 3 (1995, 2003, 2015, 2019) 2007) Germany 2 (2003, 2007) 1 (1995) 2 (1991, 2015) Norway 1 (1995) 1 (1991) 2 (1999, 2007) Japan 1 (2011) 1 (2015) Spain 1 (2023) Olympic games Team 1st place 2nd place 3th place  United States 5 (1996, 2004, 2008, 2024) 1 (2000) 1 (2020) Germany 1 (2016) 4 (2000, 2004, 2008, 2024) Canada 1 (2020) 2 (2012, 2016) Norway 1 (2000) 1 (1996) 3. Football content Aspects of football: - Random game events - Non continuous - High anaerobic movements + aerobic low intensity movements - Opposition, context reality and result - Physical and motor actions arises in a tactical context - Quick decision making - Fast in proces - Needs of high motor variability Premier league 2020/2021 cost of injured players Team Costs Days missed # of players 1 Liverpool £22.2m 1477 17 2 Everton £9.5m 720 13 3 Manchester United £9,2m 425 8 4 Crystal Palace £9m 1300 15 5 Leicester City £7.8m 936 13 6 Wolverhampton Wanderers £6.8m 769 6 7 Newcastle United £5.5m 799 13 8 Manchester City £5m 256 6 9 Southampton £5m 881 12 10 West Ham £4.8m 592 9 11 Aston Villa £4.3m 553 8 12 Tottenham Hotspur £4m 397 7 13 Sheffield United £3.6m 974 11 14 Arsenal £3.5m 190 3 15 Chelsea £3.4m 216 6 16 Brighton & Hove Albion £3.3m 805 12  17 Burnley £3m 584 12 18 Leeds United £3m 522 9 19 Fulham £2.8m 634 8 20 West Bromwich Albion £1.9m 552 10 Alternative League Table Total Injuries, 2015/16 1 Manchester City 69 11 Aston Villa 42 2 Stoke City 66 12 Tottenham Hotspur 42 3 Liverpool 64 13 Bournemouth 37 4 Manchester United 63 14 Arsenal 37 5 Sunderland 60 15 Southampton 35 6 Newcastle United 56 16 West Bromwich Albion 33 7 Chelsea 50 17 Norwich 28 8 Everton 50 18 Watford 24 9 Crystal Palace 47 19 Swansea City 23 10 Westham United 46 20 Leicester City 18 Proportion of game time in play Increase in the total number of time being stopped, related to increases in the duration of every stop (not the number of stops). → Ratio work - rest → Recovery ratio (game period/break period): 4:1 en 1996 a 1,5:1 2010 → Less game time related to the total time of the game Terms that go with this: - Itensity - Injuries - Crashed - High demand sprints Ball speed Game speed observations based og ball speed … increases 15% Research orientation coming from individual sports or with implements. The ball speed is related with the better level game. What is speed in football? - High intensity running - Repeat sprint ability (RSA) Passing rate Ratio passes/minut increased in a 35% Distance between strikes and defenders. So: 1. High technical level 2. Speed 3. Precision Related to conditional demands 1. Accelerations 2. Decelerations 3. Changes in directions Term that go with this: - Density High-level international players perform 28% more high-intensity running (2.43 vs 1.90km) and 58% more sprints (640m vs 410m) than professional players at a lower level (>19 km/h). FA Premier League make around 700 sprints in a game, around 600 of them being from 0 to 90 degrees. 110 actions with the ball marked variations. The number of attacks and jumps depends on the individual playing style and their position in the team and at the higher level it has been shown to vary from 3-27 and 1-36, respectively. Boxplot graphs are used for the variable load index in high intensity / sprints (ICIE; m×min) for each function in the field, between POS and matches (the two tactical formations) Terms explanation: - Game idea - Image that we want our team to show. Values, attitudes and aesthetic concepts transmitted by our team. Basis of all further development. - Game system  - Structural organization that relates the different players on the team, predefining positions in relation to the field of play and their teammates. - Training session - Daily work unit. Set of task or exercises related through a common objective and related to each other within the cycles - Game model - Workplan. Define team behaviours, both individual and group. Organize work protocols for a season - Circles: Micro, Meso, macro - Temporary division of work organization. Micro, refers to the period between two competition matches. Meso, to accumulated work in a period of 3-6 weeks. Macro, refers ro annual or seasonal work Lanes and zone Set pieces Moments: Organized - Attack - Passing - Direct - Defense - Block Height - Type of pressure Moments: Transitions - Offensive - Security pass - Counterback - Defensive - High pass - Intensive folding Some game systems Organized defense - Who starts the action? - Who is giving width? - Who is giving depth? - Who develops the action? Organized attack - Who starts the action? - Who is giving width? - Who is giving depth? - Who develops the action? Offensive transition - We take risks? - Who is giving width? - Who is giving depth? - Who gives security? Defensive transition - Who will recover first? - Retreat or press? - How do we reorganize? - Interrupt the game? Analysis model in football - Analytic model - The team is the sum of the parts - Team performance depends on the sum of each element - Structural model - The team is more than the sum of the parts - Social system that works with a common goal: structure and common goal are necessary - Systemic model - Complex structure formed by two teams: force ratio - The actions of a team are defined by the intentions and actions of the opposing team Analytic model → The team is the sum of its part Structuralist methodology → The team is greater than the sum of its parts Systemic model → Football is a relation between teams: “force ratio” 7. Management Index 1. Creating a sport project a. Project general idea b. Type of entity 2. Project goals a. Mission, vision and values b. Services description c. Corperative goals 01 Thinking on a project From the neighborhood to the planet… → Opportunities + responsibilities Freedom + proximity ← → Resources → Impact level Types of sporting clubs Sport Clubs are considered private associations, made up of natural or legal persons whose purpose is the promotion of one or several sports modalities, the practice of the same by their associates, as well as participation in sports activities and competitions. Elementary sports club 3 natural persons sign a private document that describes: - Name of te promoters and the delegate or person in charge  - Willingness to establish the club, purpose and name of the club - An address for notification purposes - THe express submission to the sports regulations of the State and, where appropriate, to those that govern the modality of the respective Federation Basic sports club Founding act before a notary, with at least 5 founders. Presentation of statutes that will describe the basic processes of the entity (See Sports Law, 1990). This entity will have it s own legal personality. Sports corporation Subject to the General Regime of Public Limited COmpanies. SAD. Entities in order to participate in professional competitions. The can only participate in one sport modality. In addition to the Register of Sport Associations, they must be registered in the Mercantile Register. The initial capital of a SAD is €60.000 and is represented by registered shares. Other relevant entities Professional leagues - Made up of all the teams participating in the competition - They have legal personality and autonomy for internal organization - Protected by the CSD Sporting federations - Private entities with their own legal personality - Scope of action: community or state - In addition to their powers, they exercise, by delegation, public functions of an administrative nature - They are democratic and representative. Governed by General Assembly and president Creation of a sports club: Choosing the type of entity ↓ ↓ Registration in the Register of Sports Associations ↓ ↓ Registration in the regional federation of the corresponding sport → ↓ ↓ Adaptation of the statutes to the different participation regimes Participation in state competitions: Spanish federation → 02 Project goals Mission: To help every customer have a positive memorable experience Vision: To have a positive impact on the lives of our customers and our team Values: To be open, honest and fair… whatever we do, we do it right and do it together Our MISSION shapes our today Our VISION prepares us for tomorrow We can prepare for tomorrow if we believe in our VALUES Mission: To be solid and reputable medical imaging company, considered by the stakeholders as the best partner of choice Vision: To provide innovative clinical solutions from prevention to therapeutic applications Values: Integrity, Commitment, Customer focus, Results, Teamwork Examples of big organizations Google - Mission → To organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. - Vision → Provide access to the world's information in one click - Values → Learning, success and inclusion Coca-Cola - Mission → Refresh the world. Inspire moments of optimism and happiness. Create value and make a difference. - Vision → Be a responsible global citizen who contributes to a better world - Values → Leadership, collaboration, integrity, responsibility, passion, diversity and quality Apple - Mission → Designing the world's best personal computers, leading the digital music revolution and defining the future of mobile media - Vision → Making great products and putting a little effort into innovation - Values → Excellence, focus, development and innovation Nike - Mission → Bringing inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world - Vision → Remain the most authentic, connected and distinctive brand - Values → Innovation, teamwork, sustainability and social impact McDonald’s - Mission → Provide a fun and safe environment where customers enjoy good food with quality ingredients and at affordable prices - Vision → Drive toward profitable growth and improve to serve delicious food to more customers, every day and around the world - Values → Quality, responsibility, unity and improvement Service(s) Main activity of the club We understand as a service the main activity of the club, being what players or family’s contract with the payment of their fees. The entity must define the basic conditions or characteristics of this service. It will be the daily and regular activity of the club. In the case of sports clubs, the main service is to develop training with the aim of improving the individual qualities of the athlete and the collective qualities of the team. Characteristics: - Regular and daily - Organized and structured - Managed by trained and qualified technicians - Safe - In hygienic and healthy conditions - In an inclusive and respectful environment - Oriented to the integral development of the human being-athlete Conditioning - Development of specific activities for the development of conditional abilities inside or outside the training session Health sciences - Technicians in health sciences such as doctors, physiotherapists, psychologists or nutritionists. Use of science to optimize organic processes in situations of injury or competitive development Game analysis - Use of science and technological tools to analyse the performance of players and teams in training and competition. Development of team and individual reports. Out of field training - Transportation, both individual and collective - Seasonal or punctual accommodation - Feeding - Social media management - Financial advice 8. Leadership Differences between a boss and a leader - A boss is more leading up people and controlling them (from the back, overview) - While a leader is more connected to the workers (or team members) and works together with them only takes the lead (is in the front) Boss Leader Says “I” Says “we” Good relationships Takes credit Shares the credit Autonomy, Good relationships,  Competence Blames for crisis Solves the crisis Competence Orders and waits Apply and collaborates Autonomy, Competence Uses people Develops people Autonomy, Competence Inspires fear Generates enthusiasm Good relationships Manages employees Works with collaborators Good relationships, Competence Depends on authority Depends on goodwill Autonomy Motivation: What is motivation? Is this motivation? There are a lot of aspects in the context around people. It is given below in the pictures, and the description follows: Inner circle - The player 1st circle: groups - Leaders - Coaches - Experts - Younger athletes - Senior athletes - Clubmates 2nd circle: Micro environment - Press - School - Family - Football teams + clubs 3rd circle: Macro environment - Role models - Education system - Media - FIFA and national FA’s - National culture - General sports culture - Youth culture - Football culture What part of the brain is responsible for what? The complex model of affect: High energy & Low peasantness → High negative affectivity - Upset - Stressed - Nervous - Tense High energy & High pleasureness → High positive affectivity - Alert - Excited - Enthusiastic - Elated - Happy Low energy & Low pleasureness → Low positive affectivity - Sad - Depressed - Lethargic - Fatigued Low energy & High pleasureness → Low negative affectivity - Calm - Relaxed - Serene - Contented Brain and mind Motivation Quantity → the thing you see It is questionable - Good performance? - Seems committed? Why is he motivated? Pyramid of maslow Motivation: types of motivation Basic psychological needs - Autonomy - Good relationships - Competence What leads to success? - Habits - Strategies - Behaviours / competences Climate empowering - Cooperative contribution - Learning process - Intrinsic interest - Mastery - Authority with autonomy - Taking others perspective - Evaluation Optimal states - The optimal experience is a subjective perception that produces participation in intrinsically motivated activities. In these types of activities the participant will experience flow. Challenge- skills balance - Total concentration → Focus on what is being done at the present moment  - Union of attention → Total connection with the activity Positive feedback - Feeling of control → One can cope with any situation because one feels prepared - Loss of self-awareness → loss of perception of the self as a social actor Clear goals - Time distortion → Time usually passes faster than normal - Auto-telic experience → The end result is an excuse for the process Terms and conditions of the exam - Minus 1 point if the answer is wrong at a true and false question - Minus 1 point at two wrong answers with multiple choice question - Description questions - Need to know the measurements, dimensions, heights of the goal, height of the net - Don’t need to know the emotions and the different types of leadership - Study from the powerpoints - Need to know the best teams in the world, current world and olympic champion - Dates when the sport was olympic for men and women - Differences between 3x3 basketball and normal - Differences between beach handball and normal - Many tricky questions - Everything that will be on the exam is on the powerpoint slides - Written on paper - Around an hour, or something more, for the exam Kahoots Fundamentals 1 and 2 - https://create.kahoot.it/details/8bee15b9-5a38-4d0f-8f3f-7f7018085f0c Basketball - https://create.kahoot.it/share/basic-fundamentals-of-teamsport-baskrtball/454486d9-a 742-4373-a9f5-6a0c26ced6b6 Handball - https://create.kahoot.it/share/basic-fundamentals-of-teamsports-handball/dd5831f7-8 417-44b3-8e2a-c1fe06b28c52 Volleyball - https://create.kahoot.it/details/72623228-0108-4d23-98bd-309cfb88adb6 Football - https://create.kahoot.it/details/2cc097be-225d-4651-a035-ab0933b2905c Management and leadership - https://create.kahoot.it/share/basic-fundamentals-of-team-sports-management-and-le adershipip/82ebf585-698f-4dd4-907d-6afd6311abf4