Exam Review 2023-2024 Major Concepts PDF

# 2022- Final Exam Topics (2 hours) – 20% ## Unit 1: Organic Chemistry * Organic compounds - know different functional groups and how to draw/name them * Organic reactions - know types and how to complete them * Properties of organic compounds - state, changes of state, solubility (relate to funct...

# 2022- Final Exam Topics (2 hours) – 20% ## Unit 1: Organic Chemistry * Organic compounds - know different functional groups and how to draw/name them * Organic reactions - know types and how to complete them * Properties of organic compounds - state, changes of state, solubility (relate to functional group and intermolecular forces) ## Unit 2: Structure and Properties of Matter * Atomic history (Pauli, Schrodinger, Hund, Heisenberg, Aufbau) * Quantum numbers (n, l, ml and ms) - how do they define an electron's position in orbitals (relate to periodic table) * Drawing Lewis & VSEPR diagrams for molecules or ions, bond angles, AXE formula * Electron configurations of atoms and ions (complete and condensed) * Properties of different types of solids (ionic, molecular, covalent network, metallic) based on their polarity and IMFs and bonding * Intermolecular forces, VSPER, bonding, polar molecules, electron configurations, crystalline solids * Quantum mechanics - energy level diagrams, electron configurations for any atom or ion * Explain the hybridization of the bonds in a molecule using energy level diagrams ## Unit 3: Electrochemistry * Assigning oxidation numbers * Determine oxidizing/reducing agents, oxidation/reduction half-reactions * Use redox table to determine SOA, SRA, spontaneity, AEcell * Balancing Redox Equations: half-reaction method and/or oxidation # method (acidic or basic solutions) * Drawing and interpreting Electrochemical Cells (galvanic vs electrolytic, anode, cathode, electrolytes, direction of ion and electron flow), line notation ## Unit 4: Thermochemistry and Rates of Reactions * Endothermic vs exothermic reactions * Calculating Q=mc^t * Calculating Enthalpy Change AH - calorimetry (Styrofoam and flame calorimeter), enthalpies of formation, bond energies, molar enthalpy, Hess' Law... Need to know all formulas * Factors affecting rates of reaction (nature of reactants, concentration, surface area, temperature and catalyst) based on collision theory * Formula for Styrofoam vs flame calorimeter & calorimetry assumptions for Styrofoam * Calculating rates of reaction (stoichiometric, instantaneous, average), rate order, rate law, k, * Rate determining step, analyze a reaction mechanism * Drawing and interpreting Potential Energy graphs (activated complex, intermediates, Ea, reactants, products, enthalpy change ## Unit 5: Equilibrium Systems * Dynamic equilibrium * Calculating Keq, Q, Ksp, molar solubility * Apply LeChatelier's principle * Bronsted-Lowry vs, Arrhenius definitions of acids/bases, strong vs. weak acids/bases, conjugate acid-base pairs * Calculating pH/pOH, [H+]. [OH-] - formulas given