Exam Guide_Week 1 PDF

WEEK ONE: From Leading the Congregation (1-3): 1. Identify the three dangers of leadership 1. The Danger of serving sacrificially 2. The Danger of preserving the institution for its own sake 3. The Danger of leading others through change 2. There are many interior attitudes (eg, fruit of the Spirit) that make up the character of a Christian leader. Can you recognize the definitions of the four attitudes described in ch 2? 1. Childlikeness 2. Humility 3. A Desire to Serve 4. Self-Examination 3. What is the relationship between spirituality and demands of ministry? Definition: The leader’s Spirituality is a growing awareness of God and receptivity to God's Spirit in our lives, and the means by which we keep that receptivity alive and vital toward the end that the Spirit of Christ is being formed in us for the sake of others and for the world 4. Identify the three elements of Jesus’s ministry, the six graces that Jesus practiced, and the four additional fundamentals of spirituality for Christian leaders. 1. Jesus established a rhythm of public ministry and private spaces 2. Jesus carried out his ministry within the context of a small, intimate covenant community 3. Jesus taught by example that 6 graces were vital to his life and ministry a. Prayer b. Fasting c. The Lord’s Supper d. The Scriptures e. Spiritual Conversation f. Worship in the Temple From Lectures/power points 1. Identify the open systems framework -- environment, inputs, throughputs, outputs, and feedback loop – and be able to describe their function in understanding the whole The Open Systems Framework in leadership is a model that helps to understand how leadership operates within and interacts with an organization and its environment. It is built on the idea that organizations are open systems that exchange inputs (valuable resources, people, technology) with throughputs (internal processes that transform inputs such as mission, relationships, structure, spirit / vision, culture) to produce outputs (valuable services to maintain its position in the marketplace of needs and ideas) with their external environment through a continuous feedback loop allowing for adaptation and improvement. 2. Identify different approaches to theological conversations a. Biblical Theology: The study of theology within scripture itself b. Systematic Theology: seeks to be organized, systematized rational concepts of faith in putting together the biblical understanding in a harmonious, consistent whole c. Historical Theology: The study of theological systems of the past and their developed, how different ways the bible has been interpreted and developed historically d. Moral Theology (Ethics): studies the moral implications of theology in the struggle of moral dilemmas, complexity, and understanding what is good, loving, just, and merciful. e. Philosophical Theology: attempts to define and validate all other branches of theology as truth claims. Apologetics is part of this – a rational defense of the faith using logic and empirical observation. f. Practical Theology/Praxis: medieval Latin from Greek, literally meaning ‘doing’. A multi-disciplinary approach to theological conversations. Praxis – a continual cycle of reflection that moves to engagement and back to reflection to help understand and reframe present realities and move toward new actions. 3. Identify the four elements of Wesley’s Quadrilateral a. Scripture b. Tradition c. Reason d. Experience 4. “We lead, uniquely, out of image-bearing likeness and human fallenness, with freedom to choose a life of being transformed into the likeness of Christ for union and service with Christ.” The Use of Self: Self is our unique or essential being that distinguishes us from others. The innate elements of our personality, developing healthy ego, and components of our immature psyche, and experiences of our life become integrated over time into a well-functioning whole. Use of Self Requires: a. Personal awareness (intrapersonal): Who I am? How do I show up? What is my impact on others? What are my intentions for action? b. Awareness of others (interpersonal): Who are “they”? How do I bring out their ”best”? What support do they need? c. Awareness of the context (org effectiveness): What is going on in the organisation? What is needed from me for thebest of the organisation? Christian Leadership STRENGTHENING CHARACTER, COLLABORATION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS WEEK ONE Roger Heuser 1 But first, PERSONAL! We begin our conversations with the claim: Leadership is profoundly contextual HOUR ONE Roger Heuser 2 We bring our story into … leadership dynamics that are profoundly contextual Organizational differences and similarities Environmental dynamics – global & local Understanding org cultures – “how we do things around here” Groups and personalities Roger Heuser 3 Organizational differences … Churches, mission agencies, nonprofits, business, schools, government, military, communications, the arts, hi-tech … with similar issues … Vital exchange with environment, how to structure org, communication patterns, strategy/planned change, decision-making, operational planning/budgeting, conflict/competing interests, disruptive change, crisis mgt … Roger Heuser 4 Leading in “VUCAA”environments Complexity Uncertainty Volatility Anxiety Ambiguity Roger Heuser 5 MISSION RELATIONSHIPS STUFF SPIRIT/VISION HAPPENS STRUCTURE CULTURE THROUGHPUT Roger Heuser 6 Leading groups Roger Heuser 7 … with different personalities Roger Heuser 8 What is common to all organizations… 1. It must have a relevant relationship with the environment AND remain true to its calling/identity/mission. 2. It must “in put” from the environment valuable resources, people, technology, socio-cultural relevancy. 3. It needs to “put out” valuable services to maintain its position in the marketplace of needs and ideas. 4. It is made up of many parts – each one plays a crucial role to support the mission, org/spiritual health, and vitality. The quality of interface between the parts (relationships) is an indicator of its health. 5. It is a LIVING system – with vibrant, diverse living individuals whom the org relies on to live out its God-given purpose in the world. Roger Heuser 9 Leadership is Multi-Disciplinary! Theology Psychology Political Science Anthropology History Spirituality Org Theory ”New Science” Arts & Humanities Communications Sociology Roger Heuser 10 Roger Heuser 11 Leaders Leadership emerges Which create leadership outcomes from relationships among Followers Roger Heuser 12 Defining Actions of Leadership… … creates community. It breaks down barriers between people. … communicates and creates synergy. … engenders respect and builds a following of trust among people for leaders who have authority. …creates something new, something that was not there before … not afraid to be creative, to think outside the box, to name something new. … creates controversy, because real leaders are willing to take risks, to be prophetic to the community. Carole E. Becker I would add: … taps into the fundamental aspirations and diverse charisms of others, and promotes healthy conflict and openness toward a shared, compelling purpose. Roger Heuser 13 Roger Heuser 14 Roger Heuser 15 Leaders LEADERSHIP Is a dynamic interplay of “that influence the org toward health and fulfilling a common purpose” Followers Org Context Roger Heuser 16 Break Out Sessions Personal journaling for 2-3 minutes – jot down some thoughts about the following questions: WHAT? (stands out for me? What interests me?) SO WHAT? (are the implications of the key points to what you are doing?) NOW WHAT? (may you consider doing or practicing? … etc) Roger Heuser 17 Leaders “doing” theology Theology comes from two Greek words theos (deity) and logos (discourse or teaching, study). The 11th century bishop Anselm of Canterbury described theology as “faith seeking understanding.” Issues can be individual, family, team, organizational, cultural, global… HOUR TWO Roger Heuser 19 Our experiences in the world always carry some lens of interpretation. Two Realities No Conflict Conflict Roger Heuser 20 Theo Reflection happens when we pay attention to our “lens” of different interpretive frameworks rather than automatically “recreate and react” to experience. Roger Heuser 21 Michael Amaladoss explains that doing theology “is a discerning search for God in the here and now of history.” In this way, whenever we pray, share our faith journey, exercise spiritual gifts and practices, struggle in life’s circumstances, confess our sins, participate in worship, or engage in mission, we are “doing” theology.” Michael Amaladoss, Foreward to Jojo M. Fung, Shoes-Off Barefoot We Walk: A Theology of Shoes-Off. Kuala Lumpur: Longman Malaysia, 1992, xi, quoted in Bevans, Global Perspective, 46-47. Roger Heuser 22 OPINIONS CONVICTIONS ABSOLUTES Roger Heuser 23 Different approaches to theological conversations Biblical theology – the study of theology within Scripture itself. What did biblical authors think about God, and how did they express assumptions, values, and issues of leadership? How is leadership understood and practiced by Moses, David, Amos, Matthew, Paul, and Luke? Study themes and motifs, formulated by exegetical methods. Systematic theology – seeks to be organized, systematized rational concepts of faith in putting together the biblical understanding in a harmonious, consistent whole. Faith proposition are held to be true even if you can’t prove it. Dogma is asserted, refined – that which represents faith. The different loci for systematics (e.g., Christology, Pneumatology, Ecclesiology) may have different approaches and emphases in understanding Christian leadership. Roger Heuser 24 Historical theology – the study of theological systems of the past and their developed, how different ways the Bible has been interpreted and developed historically. What did the church fathers, leaders before and after the east/west schism, or different reform traditions say about leaders? Moral theology (ethics) – studies the moral implications of theology in the struggle of moral dilemmas, complexity, and understanding what is good, loving, just, and merciful. Seeks to identify obligations and values that are implied within theological statements by authors; e.g., Amos. What are the principles of moral obligation and moral values that are iumplied by certain theological affirmations? Philosophical theology – attempts to define and validate all other branches of theology as truth claims. Apologetics is part of this – a rational defense of the faith using logic and empirical observation. Roger Heuser 25 Practical theology/praxis – medieval Latin from Greek, literally meaning ‘doing’. A multi-disciplinary approach to theological conversations Praxis – a continual cycle of reflection that moves to engagement and back to reflection to help understand and reframe present realities and move toward new actions. The theological role of a leader is to engage others in “logos theos” – conversations about God – so that the community is more reflective about their own lens of interpreting contemporary realities through the eyes of faith. Roger Heuser 26 Wesleyan Quadrilateral Scripture Tradition Reason Experience Roger Heuser 27 PRAXIS EXERCISE 1. Think of a specific event or series of events in your life that helped shape your relationship with God. Can you summarize that experience in one word or phrase? 2. What scripture reference has been significant in shaping what you and do and how you do it? 3. What are you currently doing that you can see the influence of the first two questions in your life and ministry? -- from Professor John Mark Robeck Roger Heuser 28 Engaging in Praxis on Topic of “Immigration” What do Scriptures say about the issue – central and related? What do Scriptures say about character and attitudes in my response and engagement with others? What types of prayer and spiritual How can we more fully understand the practices shall we engage in – as situation from another lens? – historical, individuals… as a community? demographic, global trends, behavior/social sciences, political… What readings will help to inform and Who should be invited to the prepare us for our discernment process? conversations? What are the ”ground rules” that we can live by when engaging in What are the stories of participants? conversations? Who should we invite to tell their stories? Roger Heuser 29 To be a Christian leader is to be a theologian — the purpose of the leader as theologian is to provide an interpretive framework for people who desire to live faithful and fruitful lives. Two levels: 1. What are some contemporary issues that are important for leaders to reflect on theologically with others? What issues keeps people awake at night? 2. How can leaders equip others to think theologically so they can do this on their own? Scott Cormode, Making Spiritual Sense Roger Heuser 30 Leaders do well when they understand that: Culture provides a repertoire of meanings for people to use in making sense of a particular situation. Making sense involves composing stories out of culture’s repertoire of meanings. People use filters to try to make sense of their experiences. Can you recognize them? The interpretation we choose dictates the action we will take in response to the situation, following pre-legitimated paths. NOTE: A hearer’s expectations are more powerful than the leader’s intentions! Scott Cormode, Making Spiritual Sense Roger Heuser 31 Bringing theology into our leadership conversations 1. Where is God at work? How does our mission and ministry align with God’s reconciling purpose in the world? 2. What is our understanding of God’s love, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the communion of the Holy Spirit in this situation? 3. What does it mean to be faithful to kingdom values in a particular context (Matt 5-7)? 4. What does the Great Commandment – loving God and neighbor – require of us at this time? 5. Is there a spiritual, sacrificial commitment I need to make in this situation? 6. Can our response to the current experience be described in light of a deeper work of the Spirit? Do I/we dare claim any of the three cardinal virtues of faith, hope, and love? Roger Heuser 32 See… Judge (discern)…. Act As beloved children of God, body of Christ, people of God, salt and light, family of God, vine and branches, Good Samaritans, experiencing kingdom realities already/not yet From an inner life of the Spirit that personifies freedom, joy, long-suffering, patience, kindness, humility, self-control … Toward sacrificial love, forgiveness, truth, goodness, beauty… Roger Heuser 33 Theological Reflection on Leadership & Biblical Accents God’s Covenant – GROUND BREAKING SHIFT! Being Transformed into Likeness of Christ Forming a People of God for Union and Service with Christ Leading through Israel’s experiences: slavery, exodus freedom, celebrations, rebellion, conflicts, great wealth, idol worship, family drama, divided nation, exile, Prophet Leadership gifts: apostles, prophets, desolation, moral failures… Priest Spirit poured out on evangelists, pastors and teachers king all flesh, crossing equipping the church for ministry. Priestly Role: maintained ”holy-profane, clean-unclean”, (Shepherd, Steward, Servant) boundaries of age, delivered oracles, enacted sacrifices, pronounced gender, social class, Passionate vision, leaning into blessings, engaged in Torah instruction. Good news of the kingdom! and ethnic diversity diversity, personal transparency, forming leadership networks, Prophetic Role: expressed voice of dissent and exercised Kenosis – Radical reframing of maintaining identity in Christ and discernment of following God within seasons and social messiahship and kingdom Jerusalem believers clarifying boundaries, advocating locations. values expand leadership to others, compassion is non-negotiable. We lead from divine diaconal ministries. image-bearing Kingship Role: Governance by a single, authorized Love of God and neighbor as They engage in likeness and human human rule was dominant mode of social power that of oneself (including enemies) group discernment Reconciling to God “all things, vulnerability often replaced devotion to God who is “maker of heaven of crossing a major whether on earth or and earth.” Human kings would attend to military, Forming a missional community group identity in heaven, by making peace economy, and judicial matters. through discipleship boundary that now through the blood of his cross” includes Gentiles (Col 1:20) Letters of Poetry and Emerging Ultimate Creation Journey Shalom Disruption Jesus Pentecost encouragement Wisdom Church Purpose and instruction Roger Heuser 34 In essentials, unity In doubtful matters, liberty In all things, charity St. Augustine Roger Heuser 35 Break Out Sessions Personal journaling for 2-3 minutes – jot down some thoughts about the following questions: WHAT? (stands out for me? What interests me?) SO WHAT? (are the implications of the key points to what you are doing?) NOW WHAT? (may you consider doing or practicing? … etc) Roger Heuser 36 LEADING FROM WITHIN INTRO Interior dynamics and use of self – the leader’s impact on the health of relationships and on the org culture HOUR THREE Roger Heuser 38 Time-Line of “Western” Evolving Leadership Theory INDUSTRIAL PARADIGMS POST-MODERN PARADIGMS GROUND AUTHENTIC/USE OF SELF GREAT MAN SERVANT (REVISTED) BREAKING TRAIT SELF-DIFFERENTIATED… Control and GROUP SHIFT! FAMILY SYSTEMS centralization SKILLS, of power BEHAVIORS, ADAPTIVE Influence of Robert K. Greenleaf SPIRITUAL leader’s GROUP CON’T James MacGregor Burns FOLLOWERSHIP personality Leaders’ GENDER/CULTURE IMPACT traits as behaviors in Skills and SITUATIONAL “PROLIFIC STEW” ORG BEHAVIOR THEORY U influence group group activities relationships COMPLEXITY Focus on PSYCHODYNAMIC (Shadow Work) that influence Reciprocal effectiveness situation/org; Chaos “BAD”/TOXIC/DESTRUCTIVE beginning Open Systems LEADER AS HEALER gender studies 1900- 1950s – 1977- 1930s 1940s 1970s 1980s 1990s - PRESENT 1929 1960s 1978 Adapted from sources: J.C. Rost, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century (New York: Roger Praeger, 1991); John P. Dugan, Leadership Theory: Cultivating Critical Heuser 39 Perspectives (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2017); and Peter Northouse, (Leadership: Theory & Practice) Los Angeles: Sage, 2019. Who you are is how you lead! Bob Hogan Roger Heuser 40 We lead, uniquely, out of image-bearing likeness and human fallenness, being transformed into Christlikeness for union and service with Christ. Roger Heuser 41 My organization My Teams/Networks My self Roger Heuser 42 Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report philosophical roots of UoS in Europe and US, with phenomenal growth in China, and other parts of Asia, Latin America. research goal was to expand understanding of UoS cross- culturally 704 respondents from 45 countries 62.4% female, 36% male, and 1.6% other Mee Yan Cheung-Judge & David Jamieson, “Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report.” Racial/ethnicity revealed 54 unique identities Other demographics: years of experience, education Roger Heuser 43 What is Self? Self is a our unique or essential being that distinguishes us from others. The innate elements of our personality, developing healthy ego, and components of our immature psyche, and experiences of our life become integrated over time into a well-functioning whole. Roger Heuser 44 Use of Self Being conscious of our whole being – mind, body, emotions, spirit – we bring our whole selves to the work we do with our sense of agency in creating the impact that is needed in the system while being mindful of personal resistances, defenses, and agendas. See Mee Yan Cheung-Judge and David Jamieson, Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report, Roger Heuser 45 Roger Heuser 46 Roger Heuser 47 Roger Heuser 48 Use of Self Requires: - Personal awareness (intrapersonal): Who I am? How do I show up? What is my impact on others? What are my intentions for action? Awareness of others (interpersonal): Who are “they”? How do I bring out their ”best”? What support do they need? Awareness of the context (org effectiveness): What is going on in the organisation? What is needed from me for the best of the organisation? Based on our awareness of the intersection of self-other-context, we then make a choice of action (with clear intention) to support people and the organization. Dr. Mee Yan Cheung-Judge Roger Heuser 49 Roger Heuser 50 “… we consider Use of Self (UoS) to be in flow when we use what we know about ourselves to intentionally draw on aspects of our whole selves to positively impact the current situation through providing service, helping change, and assisting others. Mee Yan Cheung-Judge & David Jamieson, Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report. 2020, 9. Roger Heuser 51 “Our UoS begins with our self-awareness, what we know about who we are … our whole self; our personas, shadows, personality, styles, attitudes, values, knowledge, skills, and identities. … How much each of our ‘self’ components show up affects what we see, how we know, what we do, and ultimately how we execute our roles.” Mee Yan Cheung-Judge & David Jamieson, Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report. 2020, 9. Roger Heuser 52 Without self-understanding, “we fly blindly, not knowing why we do what we do or think what we think. …... We cannot be intentional in making a choice, most often because we are unaware that there is a choice to be made. … we also hold back due to fears, lack of confidence, or unclear purpose.” Mee Yan Cheung-Judge & David Jamieson, Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report. 2020, 9. Roger Heuser 53 Quantitative Data (83,776 data points) (119 questions x 704 respondents) Four Significant Factors (p.45) TOP Factor SECOND Factor Relationship-Centric Values and Continuous Development of Self Behaviour (4.07) and Other Awareness (3.85) THIRD Factor FOURTH Factor Using Cognitive and Emotional Self-Management in Emerging Skills with Courage to serve Situations dynamic Systems (3.80) (3.75) Roger Heuser 54 Q 1: What impact do you personally feel your best use of self creates for others? Q2: What barriers (from yourself) are most common in hindering your best use of self? 4 questions for your personal reflection: Q3: What barriers (from others or the situation) are most common in hindering your best use of self? Q4: What self-care habits have you developed that help you to maintain your energy, focus and sharpness? Note: These questions are actually questions # 132, 133, 134, and 137 in the research from Mee Yan Cheung-Judge & David Jamieson, Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report. 2020, 45. Roger Heuser 55 Q.132 What impacts do you personally feel your best Use of Self creates for others? (p.64) 1. Provide safety and spaciousness for others to do their work. 2. People become bigger and have more confidence. 3. People are able to see better, generate new perspectives and increase hope. 4. People are able to take action to shift self/others/system. 5. Improve understanding of self and others result in better relationship and conversation. 6. People become more self-aware and become more open. 7. The work is able to impact the system. 8. They know their best self in action. Roger Heuser 56 To achieve this “flow,” UoS involves our… a. taking time and effort to know ourselves (both positive and less desirable parts), b. assessing each situation we enter in terms of the other(s) present and context factors, c. ascertaining what is needed, d. determining our intention, e. weighing our capabilities, f. seeing and selecting from choices, and g. paying attention to what we may need to consciously manage ourselves for the good of the situation. Mee Yan Cheung-Judge & David Jamieson, Global Use of Self (UoS) Research Report. 2020, 9. Roger Heuser 57 ` Personal growth – how much clarity do I have in in these areas? What’s my Potential How I Show Up Internal De-railers Landscape Presence Self Understanding Biases Behaviors Internal sensations Blind Spots Confidence Intentions Fears Courage Needs Lack of confidence Emotions Choices Vulnerabilities Ego Hooks & Triggers Strengths Agency Self Understanding Weaknesses Self Understanding Shadow See, Know & Do See, Know & Do Dr. Mee Yan Cheung-Judge, Quality & Equality Ltd. © 2018. All rights reserved. David W. Jamieson Roger Heuser 58 ` What small steps I will take to “grow” my best self ? ❑ How do I build and strengthen my core self – to discover, know better, and learn to love--as God loves--all parts of myself and all parts of others? ❑ Review my range of persona – do any aspects of of my persona impede my core self? How do I show up? How do I ensure my core self is taking center stage in shaping my behavior -- so that my level of authenticity is rising. ❑ How do I strengthen my enablers to keep me steady and steadfast? What steps can I take to dimmish my “internal” derailers that suboptimize my effectiveness? ❑ What do I need to do to ensure my value and action are congruent? (clean & clear conscience). ❑ What flourishing conditions do I need to find/create that enable me to support myself and stay effective? Dr. Mee Yan Cheung-Judge 59 Leading from Within ch 1 – The dangers of leading ch 3 – The Leader’s Spirituality Serving sacrificially The relentless demands Preserving the institution Spirituality supports ministry… renews vision and restores energy for its own sake Leading others through change Spirituality of Jesus – led out of a rhythm of public ministry and private space; Carried out ministry in context of a small, intimate, covenant community; Taught by example six “graces” Consider for your own leadership practices: ch 2 – Interior attitudes of the leader A spirituality of action and contemplation Forming a covenantal, communal spirituality Childlikeness Practicing a holistic lifestyle of spirituality Humility Pray Examen of Consciousness every day Desire to serve Means of grace Desire for self-examination Roger Heuser 60 Break Out Sessions Personal journaling for 2-3 minutes – jot down some thoughts about the following questions: WHAT? (stands out for me? What interests me?) SO WHAT? (are the implications of the key points to what you are doing?) NOW WHAT? (may you consider doing or practicing? … etc) Roger Heuser 61 “May all your expectations be frustrated. May all your plans be thwarted. May all your desires be withered into nothingness that you may experience the powerlessness and poverty of a child and sing and dance in the Love of God who is Father, Son and Spirit. Amen.” -a prayer from Larry Hein, Brennan Manning's spiritual director. or a common purpose, and how does that a1ect a whole organizational fruitfulness? so if we if we start, hit with this let me get myointer here. Here we go. We want to begin. They say that leadership is profoundly contextual. um it is important that we see leader leadership from within, but it's very contextual. But ﬁrst of all, something personal. I'll show you a little bit of my story. That's me, see that my dad's lie up. I'm a preacherous kid from a bygone he. I was raised in Wisconsin, which is north of Chicago. My dad was a minister, a servant leader. I would wake up to his pacing the ﬂoor in prayer every morning, every morning. My mom was a very gifted Bible teacher during the car' manage renewal, she had over 100 women come from di1erent denominations to her Bible studies, as my older brother, Raleigh and my sister's that in this picture, but I have a younger sister who who taught blind students for many years, and now she's a puppy razer for guide dogs for the blind, so she trains puppies in her garage to be eventually suited for blind people to help them in their lives. And then I I just must say I ﬁnd the carbone and I was in this. We started a group that guy in the middle, Terry was an amazing arranger. Heranges for Disney. He still does arrange for Disney and Tokyo and so we uh we started this group called the Crimson Bridge in the 70s, uh you may, I don't know if you guess where I met. I'm I'm in the middle of kneeling and um we had we had quite a group in the 70s. We my dad postsigned for a bread truck and we traveled all over the country, stayed in a condominium and then we'd play in high schools and universities and here and then I spent I spent a lot of time in Oxford and there I am, don't tell don't tell anybody that I've got a pipe in my hand, but I didn't light it. I didn't smoke it. This is C.S. Lewis' desk and CS Lewis's pipe. Is that amazing? So I I've been privileased to spend some time when Oxford teaching, um for an executive um mission leadership program. And then um I should say that um I did my bachelor's degree at Trin College and been the seminary and that my PhD at New York University and then I I uh I'll take a little bit more of my story, but this is my wife. We met in a blind date in Chicago and she sweat me o1 my feet and she still is and still looking up at her. um she was an opera singer and now she's aospice chaplain, sings for people at the end of life. We all Cy' patients. um and she's also a spiritual director and trains people in spiritual direction. We have such a good life. We were married for 30 years. happy at but not just a full wife and 2011 I was diagnosed with um stage four lymphoma and when I went, this is this is where my spirit director has her o1ice. And when I told her that I was diagnose, she said Roger, God has everyone and everything and place, and you still have to go through it. And when I walked out of your o1ice, there was a rainbow there was a rainbow, and um and so I went through chemo. I went through six spinal taps. I went through biopsies and surgeries and um in 2015, when I was done with all of that, um I'd go back that I've been in readiss since 2015 Simon I'm very I'm a happy boy. uh that God has really healed me and so uh I just had I go once a year and I had my last CT scan and everything's clear. So that's a little bit of my story. I I wish we were in a living room and I could hear each of your stories. I would love to hear your story because, where we are, we love to travel. um because, um our stories matterner in how we come to work together, play together, be in leadership context together. So organizational di1erences and sit onarities, um environmental dynamics, there are global and local cultures, how we do things, groups and personalities. So when we think of all the di1erent variables that's our leadership, it is dynamic, it we're always learning new things, the horizons keep on expanding in this leadership context. So in terms of di1erences, uh I know that many of you come from the marketplace and uh sometime I like to maybe you could put the chat room or some of the di1erent are you in business? Are you in education? Are you is a government? What is some of the di1erent um organizations that you're part of? But um our identity and purpose might be di1erent in the organizations we serve from other organizations, who are we what is our purpose, what do we value, who do we serve? All of those can be markers that provide di1erences in organizational cultures, but there are similar issues. Every organization has to have a vital exchange of the environment. We deal with how to restructure ourselves, uh communication patterns, how do we engage in strategy, decision making, how do we how do we deal with politics of budgeting and who gets who gets uh resources for their ministry, how do we engage in conﬂict and competing interests and crisis management? I mean, think of view who how we try to negotiate COVID, all of these crises that were that really pushed the limits of our resilience and our capacity. So in the voca have you in voca, the synonym voca, uh some have been redescribing environments of as voca, that there's volatility, uh, there is uncertainty complexity, oh, look at this, look at this complex city of Singapore. Wow. um and ambiguity, um and I've added anxiety. I think we live in a book up environment. No, I ain't no Singapore is pretty orderly, so um, you know, you you guys in Singapore, you things are very much in order, but but it's complex. There's uncertainty. There's all of these things that that that bear upon the organizations in which we serve. So I like to see an open systems framework or understanding leadership and organizations, that is to say, there is um there is an input system and then whatever comes in from the environment, like people come into the organization, technology comes into the organization, culture comes into the organization, and then stu1 happens and then we try to then we try to rely on the Lord and rely on the gifts within the di1erent capacities of people within to produce an output that will impact the environment so this open systems model is one way to explain the complexity of what we put, what comes into the organization, what goes out of the organization, and then systems theory would say that whatever we' put out will come back into the input system. So if you're a church you're making disciples, then those disciples will come back into the transforming system of the organization, the throughput. But here's probably what some organizations feel like. and people who get this ﬂow, you we may have a ﬂowat try that looks so even when weorts tooom and then how you really get your job done is probably similar to this, this chart of the throughput. But everyorizization is it's important to understand who are we? What is our purpose? What are the quality relationships in the organization? How do we deal with our di1erences of the structure? How do we structure our work together? And the larger the organization, the more complex the structure is, um the culture is do we have a shared values? How do we do things around here? our system's working? We become so kind of rigid that we have silos and the silos don't talk to each other and you know we can't get cooperation and so that all these are interrelated. And then there's something that is uh has been in the last 20 years emphasized, even even in seC organization, and that is the spirituality of an organization. and the vision, there really tied together. And one would say, well, that makes sense for a Christian organization. that says a church like city harvest, but there are now in the in the literature, there's much being done about spirituality of organizations, whether they be business or um government, whatever. So that's kind of an overview of how we're going to position, how does leadership relate to all of these di1erent markers in these di1erent dynamics in an organization? Well, um one of the another dimension that we mentioned was leading groups and how do we how do we do you go to really when you go to a team or a committee meeting, are you energized? I've gone through so many meetings and even at the university we don't know how to conduct good meetings facly or so facly meetings are so boring. Um, they need training and how to conduct a good meeting. There's a great book by leni called Death by meeting. And he says, I mean just have to have some drama um unleashed creativity in the team meetings and create a culture belonging and trust and and promote healthy conﬂict, promote di1erences, synergy so I think I think leaders really need to know how to lead a team well. um a lot of people we're not we're not always trained in that. and a lot of the meetings are just about telling people and making an announcements that could be done in an email, I think, oh, let's let's mix it up a little bit here. And then um here's a group. Look look at how would you like to lead this group? these groups? I wondered how all they look. I you know, they look like they I don't know. I think they would be very good as a team, but there are some in here that uh look like they could be um bring up a little junior high they if they let it come out. Okay. Di1erent personities. Oh, look at, you know, look at these guys. Oh, there's another di1erent personality. I this ah, my goodness. So you're a di1erent personalityities. David McCallan was a psychologist and he said that that there are three main motivating drivers uh in the organization. When is achievement? Some people are motivated to get things done. Let's get it done. Let's let's establish some goals and uh sometimes achievement people like to work alone because they know they can get done if they work with a group as might be more di1icult to get things done. um they like regular feedback and progress and the work they're doing. So achievement another motivation is a1iliation. I I want to be I want to be wrong to an organization. I want to be long to a team. I want to be like I want to like others. I'll go along with whether other people want to do. I'll collaborate so achievement a1iliation or relationships. A third is that people like to inﬂuence and use power, and I'm using this in a good sense that people want to they enjoy the inﬂuence they had that the organization can bring in making any di1erence. And there's a ﬁne line because sometimes that power moves into and not only inﬂuence, but control, power and control, and likes to win arguments. Maybe enjoys competition so these are three kind of motivations that comment I'm come to play in an organization. Maybe you can identify as that are you are you a goal oriented achievement person? Are you a1iliation where you really enjoy relationships? Do you like power and inﬂuence And, of course, we have combinations of these motivations at work in our lives. Oh, there's one, okay. All right. So what is common to all organizations is that evborization has to have a relevant relationship with your environment and remain true to its calling identity of mission. So a lot of changes in the environment that may tempt us some to compromise their mission, but we have to stay relevant and stay true to our values,us input, as we have said, uh resources, people, technology, needs to put out the valuable services. uh, made up of many parts that uh exist must must learn to coordinate and cooperate together in some way to fulﬁll the mission in pursuit of the vision, and the quality of interface between the parts is the indicator of its health how well do di1erent groups work together in an organization, how well is the marketing work with the sta1, the the engine of the organization, um budgeting, all of that can be very complex, but we need to work together or or we are our our e1orts will splinter and we'll break o1 into competing forces. And as a living system, um organizations really are at their own living system, made up of not just individual parts, but the individual parts form a whole, form a old personality in the organization. So stat just the sum of individual parts, it's a living system. And leadership is also a very multidisciplinary, so we can say, wow, we have theology, this quantum mechanics and the new sinus, deals with leadership. For many years I taught a corres on leadership and the new science about 15, 20 years ago, when we had an elective course, and it was really fun to get into Crant and mechanics and some great authors have been arranged about that political science, history, maybe you can maybe some of you have come from some of these disciplines psychology, spirituality, artizational theory, arts and humanity's communications. So leadership is a multi disciplinary enterprise. And so what will be dealing with primarily a theology and spirituality, but we'll also get into some psychology, some theory and um we'll see where it takes us. All right. We can only scratch the surface, by the way. This is a a survey where we kind of skimming over a lot of di1erent ideas that um I hope will will make sense in your own uh leadership practices. So one of the way to look at leadership in the past, leadership was studied by the traits of a leader and Leich, believe it or not, height was one time in their early 20th century belie old, leader is supposed to be tall. Oh, leaders, uh, you know, have to have these di1erent qualities to be a leader. Well, then, you know, Napoleon was not tall, right? So leaders came by and they were short and fat or they were, you know, they they came in di1erent sizes shapes. An intelligence is probably still um a factor, extroversion, yes, uh that's true, but there are some leaders who are introverts too. Some leaders, um are big when they play a role, I'm kind of an introvert, but if I'm playing a role, I could be an extrovert. by like privacy, but I can be a dextervert if I need to be ﬂuency, communication. I mean and then you're going to be ﬁlling out a survey that I I designed called spiritually healthy leadership. And in there, I put in there's a uh looking at some of the fruit of the spirit, where you can do a check, uh a sign of self-evaluation because if we' as a Christian approach, the traits of the fruit of the spirit, I believe are are really important, our leadership. And the literature bears out that humility is an important dimension of leadership regardless, regardless of whether you're in a secular or Christian organization. But if you look on the right, this this says now, wait a minute, it's not just the traceeable leader.'s how do the leaders and followers interact? What's the quality of interaction? Now our traits of the leaders and followers inﬂuenced that interaction, and that interaction is cold and calculated and followers feel like that that the leader is using just power and control and manipulation. that is not going to that's not the lead itself to a healthy relationship. So we have uh that that interaction. So the so we might say that leadership emerges from relationship among leaders, followers, and that that relationship then impacts the leadership outcomes. So that we see that leadership is a dynamic process. So this these are some death uh characteristics by a colleague of mine, and you you read it you made in the congregation. She was a communications expert where the Lutheran Church in in the US. and she says, I believe that uh leadership creates community. It breaks down barriers between people. It communicates and creates synergy. It engenders respects and builds youowering of trust among people for leaders who have authority, so this would imply that leaders must earn their respect. and leaders who earn their respect that engender that respect and bills of following, because there is a there's a trust element in the relationships. And leaders create something really they are they're not afraid to be in big outside the box to name something new, they kind of go out on a limb to try something di1erent and that leaders can create controversy therefore, because real leaders are willing to take risks and be prophetic. And I added um that leaders also tapped into the fundamental aspirations and diverse terrorisms of others and promotes healthy conﬂict and openness toward a year, sheer compelling purpose. Now we had time, I would like you to prioritize or which of these characteristics really speak to your own experience. Or when you think of your own organization or your team, which of these do you think is needed, which of these is done well, in which of these is needed in your organization, or on your team? And this might be actually a very pretty good discussion for a team meeting. It might bring some energy. You said, hey, let's look at these descriptions. Which of these do we do well, and which of these needs some um needs some emphasis? So, this looks at this is a very kind of an old way of looking at the di1erence between manment and leadership. And you can see how, you know, management produces order and consisting one way of saying this is management do things right and leadership do the leaders do the right things. Leaders do the right things, managers do things right. So somehow said there really is a di1erence. Sometimes it's a fuzzy line. But for sure, management needs to appreciate the roles of leadership and leadership needs to appreciate the roles of management. You can't have leadership without management and it is tough if the organization as pri primarily managed and there are there's little leadership. So we won't spend much time on this this is a this is a a also another like 1955. You can see how the di1erent skills and um technical human and constceptual so the top management may need fewer technical skills because they have all these wonderful people at city harvest, for example, um with the technical skills that can help uh help management with human and conceptual frameworks, and middle, you can see they're pretty well even, and then the supervisory management. And I bring this up because it's an old sl it's an old way of looking at it, and I'm wondering if this is still true. I wonder if this is still true. I I'm I'm thinking that that uh wherever you are in the organization, you need to have a pretty good grasp in all of these um, at least an appreciation for all of these. And an awareness of all of these. So we might say then that leadership is a dynamic interplay of um leaders followers and theorizational context. So just think about that where some leaders may be a1ected with some teams, but not a1ected with other teens. Some teams are e1ective in one part of the organization, but they may not be e1ective in another organization, so you have these di1erent interplays of um dynamics between leaders, followers and the organizational context. That's why most people know when we when we have uh when we teach or we have when we have uh classes about leadership, we we focus on we do focus on the individual leader, but we deﬁne leadership as part of a larger contextual framework. And then, of course, in the environmental forces that impinge that impinge upon this interplay, and all of this is for leaders and followers then to inﬂuence the organizational health and fulﬁll the common purpose. So I'm wondering, uh, we've spent a little time on just introducing leadership as this contextual framework. I'm wondering if you have any questions, um or we're going to put you in some breakout session is pretty soon. um But just pay for a a two or three minutes and got thousand thoughts about what from this ﬁrst hour, what stands out for me, what interests me with what I have shared with you so what are the implications of the key points to what you are doing? So what so what and now what what may you consider doing or practicing that either strengthens what you're already doing, or maybe you' maybe what we've talked about um makes you wonder, oh, maybe I need to explore a certain area in my life that would increase my leadership capacity, increase our team's capacity or increases our organizational capacity for fruitfulness. So, um, take a few minutes,ot down your um your responses to these. And then Kimberly, will put them in breakout sessions in in like two minutes and then we'll come back at ﬁve uh to nine. Is that right, ﬁve to nine? And then we'll wamp up with any questions that you want to respond before we take a break at nine o'clock. All right? So two minutes, shut down what? So what now what? Okay, when you when your breakout sessions make use of the time and uh ask others ask others to to for their responses. I think they're already on teams. So enjoy your discussion and uh we'll see what comes out of that. All right. Thank you. Hey, everyone. Okay, this a little bit of what butwhere is have any thoughts and one compus. I think the idea of the separation between manage that she was quite interesting to be tired of the not really looking then like separate. And I think I see as I read about the management administr like,ared to maybe the lead shit like most likeath and just show money. Anyone else. Okay, we go next. Sorry for me is raining I really like I really like um who's quite cool. So I stood up for me is really like culture of leadership and how its contexture. So it's like reading it alive know there's an incability didn't a1ect us. And we are looking forward to learning about it and how how, you know, you can use the books, not not just learning about the framebook, but blind them to help like be by my job SM. Yeah. Yeah, I do think like some of these are quite like when he started is quite aicot to our work. Like the the things that he share you' be like what we do what we he in me are all for in a company Oh hello. for me myself I think I think what we's that relationship one that is based within, you know yet I like to do, I pro that Isra, I numbers. I got the leader side maybe the top. So I think a lot we learn how di1erents and changes in our lives, I think someone's big now. I the only one here. I think it's I have a audio. I. Anyway, uh I think for me it is um I think a lot than you say it is like how unless we think that management at the issue and together. uh and I think that there are times that it aligned to uh it's like many children also be at the same time, but sometimes we also do see a lot place that are managers or management and not like the leadership like, another thing is that I like organization group that has to have a group or has to have a spiritual element and a vision and like, I think a clear direction of my web to bring our have to bring having that our colleagues Yeah, I think I'm with mommy and also like or or do we call you? Yeah, um because, you know when you was talking about the relationship or I just reminded me, because something I' thinking about really relationshipreases in Australia and let's this part we talk about how you know we are all men and each one plays a crucial role to support the mission. So I think, you know, likewise, or rather rather ratherouser see that it embassies on either she is being profoundly contextual and there are so many di1erent compassies that these di1erent dynamics, right? Yeah, and we have to learn how to balance that, you know, at that like our maybe for me as as a se leader, like you know we need to adapt our pastoral way of fucking di1erent ones, you know, how we foster that kind of unity, you know, the deepen the relationship and then how everybody goes spiritually. Yeah, so I think that's something that is important to me, yeah. Oh, gave us an option we can we so, yeah, as true I like more and more like interested in like di1erent personality ties, and, and then like, you know, they were one of like discuss some of this in the things. So I think like this costs, uh, we really help us like incorporate like spiritual leadership into actual, like practical planning as well. Now, anybody, like I know it's like identify seconds. can speak. I always think you aw your Sherry, you will see you back in the main room.. super Is everyone back? All right. Well, didn't you have some did you have some good discussions and anyone want to I guess somewhere are still coming.com? That's probably. Okay, I see that. And as people are coming back, if anybody would want to put a question in, um the Q&A, we have a few minutes before break time, maybe we could address a few questions you have. I don't mind if you speak up to or a Q&Alesster than his messaged me a question, so she asked what exactly a new siz of.. So if you do Google search and like uh quantum mechanics, or the new signs. um Have you ever heard the butterﬂy wings ﬂapping and one probably world will impact the other part of the world? um it's it's that and that um that that there are living systems, natural systems that seem to um have their own life in a way relating to one another. So, um clouds and you think of um um ocean's rivers. And so that some people have applied that to um organizations. So there's a author by the name of Margaret Wheatley and she wrote a book called Leadership of the new science and so their emphasizing that that organizations are like living systems and that they have their own life, their way of relating to one another and um and what's really important is the real or their relationships. The relationships that we have with one another in these living systems. So is there something that's not called to be a leader hard to not that and call to be a leader called to be a bollower? Oh, wow, what a great question. So um we are we are both leaners and followers if we deﬁne leadership as inﬂuencing others toward a common goal or a common purpose. So when you whenever you're inﬂuencing others, if you're on a team, you may so you may not be in a formable position of leadership. You may be an informal position, but sometimes leaders who have they have positional power but the power is primarily transactional transactional, but you could have personal power as a as a a follower an inﬂuence others without having the position, and that is still leadership. But good leaders are also good followers. They know what it means to follow others, whether in those contexts, so that in that sense leadership is very ﬂuid, is very ﬂuid. If I were if we were in a classroom, I would want to learn from you um, what is it like to be in your organization? I don't know you you would have to lead me to learn about what your organization is and um you know, if if I were to visit if we we were going to visit, we're going to be in Singapore in February. And if I want to learn more about the city, um and you would say, oh well, show you around. Okay, I'll follow you. So you leading me to show me around Singapore, so it can be very ﬂuid, so just to just a note, position power, personal power are two di1erent things. One has position, the other one has personal inﬂuence and both are um leaders. There's a there's a lot of new work being done on follership. And if we have time, I I'd love to share some of that with you. uh There's a book called Courageous Followship. It's a great book on follship. Okay. Oh, assign a portion. How you agreed on the assignment portion? How can step up and be a celebr leader at a church? that okay, that one, I think you need to talk with um Pastor Bobby or whenever your pastors of how to be a cell group leader. And um after the break, or sometime before it were done, I'll go over the syllabus with you and the assignment portion. Why does the deﬁnition of leadership matter? Is it not putting people into boxes? Well, I hope not. I think that rather than boxes, I think that we we have di1erent roles. and like I said, the rolls can be very ﬂuid, depending upon the context, the context. So um rather than boxes, I would say rolls and would and as an organization, even as a even if you're um like a family, families have di1erent roles. It's very informable when organization begins, um it's almost like a family. The communication is informal that we just talk to one another. When you start to grow like as big a city harvest is, not you have to have some policies and procedures or fairness and human relations. But we don't want to lose that familial dimension of being a family is harder to do, but we have to we have to be disciplined to try to keep that intact because that's who we are as the kingdom of God, the family of God, vine and branches, and all the rest. So was there any were there others? Oh yeah. an Egreen topic both in church and the worlders that we see are in both, what would be distinct as that made church leaders are di1erent from those of the world? Kingdom values um price dwelling within us, our Christian spirituality, our values, we believe in the beatitudes, we believe in the fruit of spirit, we believe that Christ dwells within us, we believe that relationships are important, that forgiveness is important, that loving enemies is important, where that may not be true in the secular. How was that? making sense? How do you promote a healthy conﬂict? Oh that we we learn to manage our di1erences. We learn to respect one another, even though we may disagree. We we do the work beginner work, which we'll be doing in this class, so we can become less defensive, less defensive, and more open to the ideas of others even when they disagree. so in to notice when does conﬂict become dangerous and I'll just mentioned it. It becomes dangerous when you engage in injustice collecting against a coworker, when you begin to attack their motive and their character, now that's becoming dangerous, and that's unhealthy. um okay. That's I think that's all we have time for. It's time for a break. Love these questions. Thank you so much.'s you in 10 minutes. that talks too much and then he comes noise. um at the same time, we don't want him to come across root or condescending thank you. Oh, as soon that great question, how many of you would say you who talk too much? You yourself talk too much. No, we won't say we won't go there. All I have to say is it's important for teams to establish some ground rules together, like how will you how you approach your work and establish some ground rules like to say, you know what when we're in discussion, we want everyone to be able to contribute. And so to say and and I think this is very cultural, isn't it? um how you how you establish the ground rules or how you um confront somebody without losing face is really important to di1erent cultures. Here as well. So, but establishing ground rules is one way that is really helpful for that. Okay, we'll get started. By the way, you're they're going to they're calling your questions and I'll go through them if we can't if we don't have time tonight, we won't have time to get through all of them. And I'll make sure that they're answered um within a week. So that's my pledge to you. The second so so we look at um how the leadership is contextual, and now what we want to do is do we want to spend this hour and looking at um doing leaders that doing theology are engaging in theological reﬂection. So this is one of the di1erences for in Christian organizations is that the leaders are are um one of the roles is to engage in theox reﬂection about the work we do about the mystery we do, but I think if you're a Christian leader in a in a business, you can also do theological reﬂection and you do everyone who is a theologianist some degree because um theology comes from the word the oologos, which means um theos meaning deity and logos meaning discourse or teaching or study. So as a Christian, wherever we are, we have um we think about what how does how does God view this? So um if you look at, for example, giving my a pointer here, um Ansel of the counter describes theology asith seeking understanding. My faith, I'm trying to understand, I'm trying to make sense. Now we have um we all have a espouse theology or a confessional geology that we profess. For example, I think most of us in this room would say that forgiving others is an important value living in the kingdom of God, forgiving others. pro a little deeper and we say, is it long to be heard or angry at what others have done to you? Oh now now we're making this forgiveness, you know, a little more in depth, and and then what does it mean when Paul says it any invasions 426, be angry, but do not sin. Do not let the sin go down in your anger I know that we're all trained to do the zero anger thing that Pastor cond does, right? But what does it mean? What does it what happens when you video someone has hurt you and you feel this natural response of anger of dwelling up. So we have a response theology. uh what we could we confess then we have an operational theology, which is sometimes is di1erent from what we confess. So if I um if I have aiology that says, okay, I I may say I forgive you and I try to believe that myself, but I secretly hope that you give what's come to you in what you did to me or if I engage in triangling or gossip talking behind your back, and I engage in the character assassination, I realized, you know I say that I believe in forgiving, but I really haven't. So this is just a a very personal example that sometimes we confess things that we don't live up to, and that's why we need to engage is theolog reﬂection and then our spirituality is really important with that because the Holy Spirit can help bring to our awareness, our inconsistencies, and that is a place where the Holy Spirit they wants to do sanctifying work and heal us of those hurts and areas that are that do not give us freedom and joy in life. So um sometimes it can be hard work, but theological issues can be individual. They can be family, they can be teams, organizational, cultural, global issues, um a whole variety of them. So um our experiences in the world always carry some lens of interpretation. And so, for example, if I showed you a picture of of um immigrants, uh, who are escaping a country escape in a country, um, we are automatically recreating a reality, and for some of us that would say, you know what, we need to help them, uh, we need countries that will we need to be a country that a lot houses these people who are really in desperate situations to have a place to live. or by the way, you know any reason I bring this up, this would be the biggest issue in the US last of the elections. A huge issue with barber cross seats. And there's no conﬂict. Others would say, wait a minute, they have to go through the proper procedures to get into a country and now we have conﬂict. Both of the so there's an external reality, immigrants, in a boat, and my own recreated reality in my head of howry interpreting them, where on one hand, there may be no conﬂict yes, they're welcome. Another would say, wow, that can't happen. That cannot happen. So we have out these two realities external and recreated realities. What what theology does is it helps us pay attention to our lens of di1erent interpretive frameworks, rather than automatically recreate and react to experience. So when we engage in the electrical reﬂection, now lower than engaging in what does the Bible say about this? How does God view this? And we'll look at several di1erent ways of thinking theologically. Michael Amald Das explains that doing theology is a discerning search for God and here and now of history. In this way, whenever we pray, share our faith during the exercise spiritual gifts and practices, struggle in light of circumstances, confess our sins, participate in worship, or engage in ad mission, we are doing theology, we are doing a theology. So there are that we all of opinions, convictions and absolutes. So, for example, I absolute, for me would be the believing the divinity of Jesus, as well as the humanity of Jesus, or believe in the trinity, but when I I was growing up, I was taught that an absolute was going to movie as a sin wearing makeup was a sin um and um a quick story. I was in the third grenade, and the Baptistives and cost of kids, we couldn't square a dance and third grade. And so I was too embarrassed to tell them that this was against my religious convictions. So I persuaded my friend who whose father was a medical doctor and I said, Billy, do you want you want to go to square dancing in gym class? And he said, well, I guess not. Well, you think you get some band just with your dad's o1ice and we could pretend we spranged our ankles help he wouldn't have to square dance, so I you know, we both li into the house saying, oh, I sprang by an ankle I can't square dance today. And so I engaged in lying in order to get o1 the square dancing as a third grader, but um of course, you know, that's no long an absolute. I never believed it was fully an absolute. But others did believe it was an absolute. um realized, hey, this is an opinion. Where are you? you know, all that stu1 of the holiness tradition. uh seen as the absut but but maybe some people have convictions about some of those things. So, and then you you think of now some issues that really deserve theology reﬂection agenda dysphoria or um you know I I have a I have a colleague who's um uh who is um uh who' daughter is having an a1air with a married man and his wife goes along with it arrople, a a thruple or a trople or whatever yeah, a trople. I thought, come on where where do we how do we engage and theology's reﬂection about where they think this is just ﬁne? so we so we need to have good teaching and do some theology inﬂection on some of these issues. And by the way, that's why I appreciate what's happiness to the Harvest Church is that Por Kalmerastor Bobby, that the pastors really are engaged in in uh theological reﬂection and teaching and preaching good theology, good biblical theology. And that's really important in a world where there is a lot of confusion and conﬂict. So theology is about asking questions di1erent approaches, uh blical theology, the study of theology, within within scripture itself, uh what what could the authors think about God and how do they express your assumption values? Province the Old Testament? Uh, you know, during the di1erent periods of Old Testament history, um, how is leadership on a student in practiceiced by Moses, our David Amos Matthew, Paul, Luke, all of these authors give us insight into how leadership was understood in a di1erent biblical periods, and how Christ transformed all of that with his teaching, so for example, um the people of Israel thought, oh, the Messiah will have all this political power that will save us from the Roman Empire and um will help us get our nation back together and uh Jesus comes along and he said, um that that the son of man came to sparer not to be served, have this minding you which was in Christ Jesus looking too, that he did not see equality with god as something to be grasped, but instead took the form of a servant a slave um it just it's just we're not accustomed to power. That is reframed and ﬂip on its head to be servant a servant leader. So we think of Paul's writing and that, we think of Jesus teaching on that. um and we'd think of how of power um got Moses and David into trouble when they misused power. So we could we could just do some biblical theological reﬂection on that, and there's um a PDF a handout that you have access to where a couple of years ago, I just looked at some of the the bilical themes, the biblical accents of leadership in the old and in the New Testament, so you will have some reading to do in along with lead congregation that will help us see the lens of leadership through a biblical theology. This systematics theology, so if you take a class with professor Frank Machia, he's a he's a well-known systematician. So we can try to organize and rational concepts of faith, uh with ailical understanding, so there's the body to say crystalology and dermatology, which has a study of the whole Spirit, ecclesiology, a study of the church. So about systematic theology is an important and approach to doing theological reﬂection, and then there is historical theology, so you think of what did the how did the uh uh di1erent leaders, say, for example in the American, the US andacostal movement, William Seymour, the black preacher in Los Angeles was a was a very important inﬂuence in the kind of cost of moveant. How did he be leadership? I haven't really done a study on that, but or had John Wesley or John Keldon, reeformers, uh how did how did they approach leadership? So he can you can see uh that there's a rich material for attempting to understand leadership from historical theology. and more theology, which is studying the implications in the complexities and dilemmas of what is good, loving, just, merciful, so more alchaeology or ethics is another approach to looking at theology and then philosophical theology, where you're the defense of our faith by attaching to valvating all the di1erent truth claims of the di1erent branches of theodology. So apologetics is part of this. And then there's a practical theology or practice and proxis is this medieval Latin from the Greek and just literally means doing. And so this is primarily in the approach that leadership engages in proxes. And so a continual cycle of reﬂection that moves to engagement and back to reﬂection to help understand and every frame present realities, so proxes is going to the scripture, going to experience, going to stories, going to the scripture, going back to the present reality and attempting to help reframe present reality or a present reality. So the the rel a leader is to engage others in conversations about God. so that the community is more reﬂective about their own lens of interpreting contemporary realities through the eyes of faith, so um one way to say this is, what keeps people awake at night? That that deserves some theological reﬂection of what do the scriptures say about the issues that keep people away at night or the the issues that people are struggling with in their lives. So John Wesley came up with um what is what has been called in Wesley and vibrilateral and this is looking at four of uh doing theologic reﬂection. We believed that the that the scripture, the Christian faith was revealed in scripture, and that its illuminated, it's illumined by tradition, and it is viviﬁed or guiliﬁed in personal experience and conﬁrmed by reason, conﬁrmed by reason, so Scripture, tradition, experience, and regism. so scripture is primary in paramount. The New Testament theologian, NPright, argued that scripture is the bookshelf, the bookshelf tradition is a memory of what people in the house have read and understood or perhaps misunderstood from the shelf. um and reason is the the set of lens, the spectacles that people wear in order to make sense of what they read and then put it into practice. So that's another way of looking at how we engage in theolog reﬂection. I'm Greg to skip that one in and so let's say let's say that we're engaged in theological reﬂection on immigration, which is it as a leadership topic for politics for pil politicians, but it's also a a issue that impacts all of us. For example, we just had some work done in our kitchen.use me and um all the workers although the contractor is Ukrainian, it was US citizen, all the other workers are are uh are not citizens. They're illegal. and so I ask them how how they they do about that. They said, we just we just try to work hard. The ad mean the admin assistant or the corator had badgar Ti1any is a a dreamer. So she was when she was born and south in Central America, and her parents brought her here as an infant. So she has legal status here, but she can't travel, and she did her master's degree in linguistics, the wanted to work with Lickcli1e, but she has no beola or passport to travel outside the country. So these are issues that that really impact us. They impact us. So we might engage in theological reﬂection by uh saying that, well, what is going to say about the issues? What are central scriptures, what are related about integration, Old Testament? What is scriptures say about character? minor character and attitude in response to engagement with others. and what happens if I get defensive and I engage in controversial issues or I want to be so competitive in when the argument and have no respect for the other's point of view. How can we more fully understand the situation from other Wednesdays historical demographic global trends, behavior of social sciences,acical, are there meetings that would help inform and prepare us for our discerned process? What are the stories of participants? Who should we invite to tell their stories? We should be invited to the conversations who are the ground rules when we engage, what types of prayer and spiritual practices shall we engage in as individuals and as a community. So these would be some some ways in which we engage in practice or doing theology around issues that are important to um to the community and I don't know if immigration is important to you or if it impacts your personal lives, um but the seems like it's a it's a important issue around the globe with immigration. And there so just think about all the other issues that are important that invite as to think theologically. What is the scriptures say? What are the stories? What are how do the other sciences help us understand these issues aren't fully? So to be uncritial leaders is to be a bigologian, of purpose of the leader is of elogion is to provide an interpretive framework for people who desire to faithful fruitful lives. um and then how do leaders health equip others to think theologically so they can do this on their home? So whenever um you know, when Pastor Khan preaches, he's he's always engaging in questions and making things practical from the scriptures to help us think theologically about our relationship with God and the world in ministry and the rule of the spirit. So Scott Carmel who teaches that Fuller suggests that leaders do well when they understand that culture provides a repertory means for people to use in making sense, so you just think about the role of social media in helping people or not helping peoples being sense of current realities, or you think of the power the medium, they think of the power news cycles um advertisement, oh, they sold, you know, education, there's so many inﬂuences. They that people are using to make sense of particular issues. And so they're making sense composes stories of the culture's repertory meanings. People use ﬁlters, so when we engage in others, and we recognize the ﬁlters they're using and try to relate to those ﬁlters through our own ﬁlters and our kind of reconstructing those the realities that we're experiencing. The interpretation we need choose dictates the action we will take responds to a situation. So what's important is that I whenever you engage in reﬂection, the logically, that here's expectations are more powerful than your intentions. The here's expectations are more powerful than elig's intentions. Scott Corno says. So we' is to add at work? These might be some touchstone, uh questions for us. But yourself, you know, if you're on a team and the team is is is uh maybe frustrating for you and certain areas. But it's but continue to ask yourself, but where's got at work in this situation? Another related one might be, how does our mission and ministry align with God's right and some purpose in the world? How what are we doing here and now that expresses God's purpose in the world and God's mission is reconciling purpose. What is our understanding of God's love, the grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ, the communion of the Holy Spirit in this situation, what is our understanding? How do we experience? how do we enter or fully into God's love in this situation? What is it mean to be faithful to kingdom values in particular context? Maybe maybe having a beatitudes the be attitudes right in front of you to say a blessed are the poo in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Bless are those who warn, where they shall be frighted. you think of the beatitudes, put them alongside, which you're experiencing, and see if there's something that lead you to claim from the beatitudes in this particular situation are there for the spirit, or the teachings of of the a sermon in the or some of Paul's writings. Uh, I think you just ﬁnished, of course, with uh prop Doug on Corinthians and realize, wow, there were issues at Corinth that would make us blush. So, what does the great Commandment, love and God and neighbor record of a at this time? Is there a spiritual sacriﬁcial commitment I need to make in this in this situation? Um Can I respond to the kind of theorize described in light of a deeper work of a spirit? You know, sometimes things get worse before they get better. Sometimes you have to get get to a little chaos before there's a new order, a new order. So if we summarize, uh, we might say that, um speakingologyically for eaters is to see on I see what's going on in this situation. So I need to see you through a spiritual lens, but I also need to make a good dist disturbing sociologist. in what's happening in the culture, I need to, who learned what is what am I seeing in the culture, judging is is another word for darding? How do I discern what I see? how do like how do I mash that up with kingdom man? I use it with a scripture, and therefore, what is a spirit calling me to do how am I to act upon what I see and what I am deserving, and you can see why I discern into is important in a group as a group to discern together, so as the love Chunuka, the body of Christ of pipuka sultan like familyuka, ﬁnding the branches, good Samaritans, experiencing kingdom, realities, already not yet, from an inner life of the spirit that personiﬁes freedom, joy, long su1ering, patient, kindness, humili, self control toward a sacriﬁcial love forgiveness, truth, goodness, and beauty so he are just some beginning ways to look at the lod reﬂection and discernment. So here's a here's of reﬂection and leadership in involved in a di1icult accents that you'll be reading in that PDF hand of um that's to me a biblical accent of leadership always begins with creation, we will be from the divine image bearing likeness and human vulnerability.enes one and Gen one is that we are created in God's image and is that we experienced the fall. We experience brokenenness in their lives, and it seems that each one of us may be experience a certain brokenness that others may not, so that mark of the fall in our own lives and our human experience, our human story, uh, maybe maybe very uh personal to us. It been personal in terms of issues that we we struggle with, uh and might be a struggle of uh self-concept? I might be a struggle of addictions. Who knows it right face? And that God's covenant he wants to forming people of God, leading through Israel's experiences of slavery, the exodus, freedom, celebrations, rebelling and conﬂicts, great wealth, idle worship, failing drama, div divided nation and exertal desolation, moral failures. God is formally people through all of those experiences, and the leadership roles were priestly prophetic and kingship, priestly prophetic and kingship, so you can read through all of the Old Testament, and this is a brief a brief description of what happened then as a di1erent players and leaders were involved in that drama of the Old Testament, and then in the groundbreaking shift where Jesus redeﬁned or often priest and king, and so he redeﬁned king as shepherd steward servant, announced the good news of the kingdom. The radic reframing of messiahship and values in the canosis is the hin inﬂuians two and then the log got out in neighbor, as one self forming aventional community through discipleship, and being transformed into lifeness of price for union and service with Christ at Pentecost spirit part out and all ﬂesh, and the the expansion of the emer church. And I think Pastroonda a paper on Singapore being Antioch, right? And so this whole engaging group discern into the crossing major group identity boundaries that include the Gentiles, there was a big deal, by the way, Jerusalem, the Jerusalem council enacts defeemed, was a big deal. Are we going to let those people in? They've not even been circumcised, those Gentiles? So I actually like to be a Gentile back then and they'regusting whether as a male, and there's sexy whether or not you can be, you can be in the in group and be a member, only if you get circumcised uh, that'd be a tough church membership requirement. So in an end of the leadership gifts, apostles, props, um evangelus pastor teachers, equipping the church for ministry and the networks of that Paul established, maintaining the energy Christ. But while all over the issues that he he encountered with the di1erent churches and the ultimate purpose then, of course, is to reconcile um all things, all things, whether earth or the in heaven by making peace with love the cross. that's kind of a a thumbnail picture of theological reﬂection and leadership biblical accents. So uh we've come to over over the way, Saint Augustine said in essentials unity, in doubtful matters, liberty in all things charity, as a good, good advice and bounding for us. I mean, engage in theological reﬂection in essentials unity, in doubtful manners, liberty, in all things charity. So again, um a a few minutes and jot it down some thoughts of a watchinging is up for me, what interest meeting, so what are the implications not a wet may you consider doing a new practicing so take a just to three minutes, jot down and then Kimberly will put us into breakout rooms and you can enjoy some rich discussion of theological reﬂection, doing theology will be dyn theology or really sessions. You were theologians. pre 10 minutes together. Any we put break up rooms. So I also discuss this like, but just not a and one who wanted and sorry you didn't get the opportunity Okay. Huh? Sorry?? What do you see? Okay, okay, I'm not yourself if you if you want to share. everyone and Christine from uh what I. So actually interestingly today I was actually reﬂecting on how to be a godli leader in the marketplace. So this morning I had a meeting with my team, uh so when I run a business. um so they always lat issue right and all that. And then I was talking to another business order who say, yeah, you always track that we can check them to uh say we ﬁnd it and it. But we you really ﬁnd them because they create, right? So, um that that you pondering like this like, how do we be a good leader, a Christian, a leader, a good business leader, upholding Christians, uh values? But mean, you don't must understand that we are working with perhaps non- Cristians, other races. So how do we actually tackle that? And I was thinking like, um, so is it like what class thing we are always zero anger? So if they are late for my customers, am I supposed to have zero anger. So there's something that went from my thought. But just as we're going through, uh we pro and like doing the lessons I was suddenly reminded everything of the church but if you looked at the Bible I thought chastens Hast took just to punish us, but for ourol learn something and for us to become a better person, so I was just reminded like I mean if we look at how God actually uh teaches his leaders and teaches his sons and daughters, I think that would be a good way to practice in the marketplace. so we learned like gracious as leaders and also as like business own business also like let's say, I mean, the person is always consistently and, you know, how would you head no, like the situation or anyone like, you know, that you said about and really who you like ﬁnd of being. I think it's about having and about speaking a crew in love and also like co also a called order engine. like, you know, that the yes or the he on, right? Like in Genesis, the creation story where ele he also said his boundaries in kept of the garden. So I think that like being healthy Christian and healthy in the in how does this tila by the sudden perspective is about andforcing that also in a lo discipline way. Yeah, so true. Okay, we anyone else let's keep the ball ruleing. maybe the idea of context. I think uh considering like the context like whether uh that's the the or the the time and the characters a key to to go about, I guess, maybe di1erent measures to to see how to look at it. I mean, uh I think I think I'll be curious to like why are they like like what has about it what said before and after all day. So I mean this myity, but also that always had that much time because if they need to address something they would need to address it and sometimes we also have limited high and resources. So I think the least that can be done this at least have the top or maybe just have a winding or like a the if such behavior was on that, there would be consequences like cannot be keep going on without any consequences that may not be help fuller with the company. reasonable if you found the Christian. Let's the same church as you I believe that percentage percentage South say like you want to work to the past?, not yet but this, you know we

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