Exam 4 PDF - Past Paper

Chapter 12 >> Weathering and Mass Wasting What is weathering? How is it important to the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition? What are the two types of weathering? What are unloading, freeze-thaw, and salt crystal growth weathering? Understand how they occur and the geogr...

Chapter 12 >> Weathering and Mass Wasting What is weathering? How is it important to the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition? What are the two types of weathering? What are unloading, freeze-thaw, and salt crystal growth weathering? Understand how they occur and the geographic region these processes are dominant. What is Mass Wasting? Explain the factors that facilitate fast and slow mass wasting events. o Soil creep o Solifluction o Mud flow/debris flow o Landslide o Avalanche o Laha Chapter 11 >> Landforms What is geomorphology? What is topography? What is relief? Explain and provide a geographic example as it relates to low relief versus high relief features on Earth. Explain the difference between an endogenic and an exogenic process. Provide an example of each. What are the three tectonic forces associated with endogenic processes? What is an anticline and a syncline? How do they form? Earthquakes What is an earthquake? What is the epicenter? What scale are they measured on? Volcanoes Explain the difference between explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions. Provide an example of each type of volcano as it relates to eruption type. Where are some volcanoes commonly located? How do they form? What is viscosity? Lava flow, caldera, pyroclastic material Chapter 10 Earth’s Planetary Structure How has Earth’s interior composition been able to be deduced? What are the main layers of Earth’s planetary structure? o Explain all three physically and what they are composed of. What is the lithosphere and what is it composed of? What is the asthenosphere? How does it facilitate plate movement? Continental crust versus Oceanic crust. What are the differences between the two? Rocks What is an igneous rock? What is meant by intrusive versus extrusive rock? What is their mineral composition difference? What are the three major categories/classes of rock as distinguished by geologists? Provide a description and explain the differences of each. Plate Tectonics What is a tectonic plate? What are the ways plates move? How do they move? Explain the differences, provide a geographical location, and explain the landforms and features as a result of tectonic activity and movement of the plates. Who is Alfred Wegener and what scientific theory did he propose? What is Pangaea? What is a fault? Seafloor spreading – how does seafloor spreading happen and where is this most common? What is an Earthquake? What scale are they measured on?