Geology Chapter: Weathering, Landforms, and Volcanoes

The process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces.

Processes related to weathering that move weathered material from one place to another.

Mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering.

Rocks being exposed to lower pressures from removal of overlying material causing them to expand and crack, often in mountain ranges.

Water freezing expands in cracks, widening them, causing rock to break apart.

Water evaporates, leaving salt crystals that grow and put pressure on rocks.

Downhill movement of rock and soil due to gravity.

Slow, gradual movement of soil down a slope.

Slow, downslope flow of water-saturated soil.

Rapid flow of water and sediment down a slope, often triggered by heavy rain.

Rapid movement of a large mass of rock and soil down a slope.

Rapid flow of snow down a slope.

Rapid flow of hot volcanic material down a volcano.

The study of landforms and the processes that shape them.

Processes that originate inside the Earth.

Processes that occur on or near the Earth's surface.

Forces responsible for the movement and deformation of the Earth's crust.

Sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of rocks in the Earth's crust..

The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Measured on the Richter Scale and Moment Magnitude Scale.

Explosive and effusive are types of eruptions

The resistance of a liquid to flow.

Rocks formed from cooled magma or lava.

Igneous rocks that cooled slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

Igneous rocks that cooled quickly on the Earth's surface.

Large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move relative to each other.

Scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift, which was later developed into Plate Tectonics.

A supercontinent that existed millions of years ago that formed to break apart to become the current continents.

Fracture in the Earth's crust where blocks of rock have moved past each other.

Process where new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges.

The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces

Mechanical (physical) and chemical

Pressure release causes rocks to crack. Often in mountain ranges

Water expands when freezing, cracking rocks

Salt crystals grow, pushing apart rocks

Downhill movement of rock and soil (gravity)

Slow soil movement down a slope

Water-saturated soil slowly flows downhill

Rapid flow of water and sediment

Rapid downhill movement of rock and soil

Rapid snow flow down a slope

Rapid flow of hot volcanic material

Study of landforms and shaping processes

Processes originating inside the Earth

Earth surface processes

Forces shaping Earth's crust

Ground shaking from crustal movement

Earth surface above earthquake focus

Measured using Richter and Moment scales

Explosive/effusive release of volcanic material

Resistance to flow in liquids

Rocks from cooled magma/lava

Large Earth crustal sections

Proposed continental drift

Ancient supercontinent

Fracture in Earth's crust from movement