Biology 1100 Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

**BIOLOGY 1100 -- EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE** Chapter 1 ========= 1. What are the characteristics of all living things? 2. What are the hierarchical organization categories of living systems? 3. Do you understand the parts of hypothesis-driven scientific study? a. Deductive reasoning? b....

**BIOLOGY 1100 -- EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE** Chapter 1 ========= 1. What are the characteristics of all living things? 2. What are the hierarchical organization categories of living systems? 3. Do you understand the parts of hypothesis-driven scientific study? a. Deductive reasoning? b. Inductive reasoning? c. Hypothesis? d. Predictions? e. Experiments? 4. Do you understand the characteristics of all living things? f. Example: what does 'sensitivity' refer to specifically? (hint: it deals with the ability to 'sense' things) g. Example: how does 'homeostasis' allow animals to survive? h. The 5 core concepts in biology i. Relationship between structure and function Chapter 2 ========= 1. The nature of atoms a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons 2. Atomic numbers d. What is an atomic number? e. An Isotope? 3. Element vs compound 4. Periodic table layout and octet rule f. 12 common elements in living organisms g. 4 most common in animals? 5. Chemical bonds -- key characteristics h. Covalent i. Ionic j. Hydrogen k. Polar vs nonpolar bonds 6. Electronegativity l. What is electronegativity? m. How would you determine what bond is more electronegative? (hint: it is based on the electronegativity values of the atoms in the bond) 7. Properties of Water n. Roles of polar hydrogen bonds o. Cohesions vs adhesion 8. Relationship between pH and H+ concentration 9. What is an acid? A base? Chapter 3 ========= 1. General name for the monomer and polymer of each macromolecule 2. Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis 3. Carbohydrates a. What are the basic structural units? 4. Nucleic Acids b. Nucleotide structure c. DNA vs RNA 5. Proteins d. Primary vs secondary vs tertiary vs quaternary structure e. What are peptide bonds? 6. Lipids f. Triglyceride and phospholipid structure Chapter 4 ========= 1. What are the major components that define: Cell Theory? 2. What are the characteristics shared by **all cells** (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)? 3. What is the difference between a nucleus and nucleoid? 4. Animal vs plant cell a. Similarities? b. Differences? 5. Parts of a cell, function? c. Nucleus d. Ribosomes e. Endomembrane system f. Mitochondria, chloroplast 6. Endosymbiosis theory g. What organelles are involved? h. What evidence points to endosymbiosis of these organelles? Chapter 5 ========= 1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. What determines the fluidity of the cell membrane? 3. General info on passive transport a. What is required? What are the limitations? b. Facilitated diffusion (channel and carrier proteins) c. What is osmosis and osmotic pressure? 4. General info on active transport d. What is required? What are the limitations? e. Types of carrier proteins f. Sodium potassium pump and coupled transport 5. General info on endocytosis vs exocytosis g. Receptor-mediated endocytosis?