Psychology 101:01 Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

Psychology 101:01 Spring 2025 Exam 1 Study Guide (Complete) This is intended to be a guide only. Introduction 1.​ What is psychology? Research Methods 2.​ What is hindsight bias? 3.​ What is the scientific method?...

Psychology 101:01 Spring 2025 Exam 1 Study Guide (Complete) This is intended to be a guide only. Introduction 1.​ What is psychology? Research Methods 2.​ What is hindsight bias? 3.​ What is the scientific method? 4.​ What is a hypothesis? 5.​ What is an operational definition? 6.​ What is a case study? What are its advantages and disadvantages? 7.​ What is the observational method? What are its advantages and disadvantages? 8.​ What is the survey method? What are its advantages and disadvantages? a.​ What are wording effects? b.​ What is response bias? i.​ What is random sampling (random selection)? 9.​ What is the correlational method? a.​ What are positive and negative correlations? b.​ How are correlation coefficients (rs) interpreted? c.​ Does correlation indicate causation? What are the other alternatives (e.g., B could cause A)? d.​ What are third variables? 10.​What is experimentation? a.​ What are IVs and DVs? 11.​ What are experimental (treatment) and control conditions? 12.​What is a confounding variable? 13.​What is random assignment? 14.​What is experimental control? 15.​What is the placebo effect? What is a placebo control group? 16.​What is the expectancy effect? 17.​What are single-blind and double-blind procedures? 18.​What is generalizability? 19.​What is replication? Chapter 1 ​ What are informed consent and debriefing (1b (1.4.2))? The Biology of Behavior 20.​What are the biological/neuroscientific, evolutionary, behavioral genetic, psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and social/cultural perspectives? 21.​What are neurons? 22.​What are dendrites, the cell body, and axons? 23.​What are glial cells (glia)?  a.​ What is the blood-brain barrier? b.​ What is myelin sheath? 24.​What is the action potential? a.​ What is threshold? b.​ What does “all-or-none response” mean? 25.​What is a synapse? 26.​What are neurotransmitters? 27.​What is reuptake? 28.​What are inhibitory and excitatory signals? 29.​What are: a.​ acetylcholine b.​ endorphins c.​ dopamine d.​ serotonin e.​ glutamate f.​ GABA g.​ epinephrine and norepinephrine 30.​What are agonists and antagonists? 31.​What are motor neurons and sensory neurons? 32.​What is the central nervous system? a.​ What are spinal reflexes? 33.​What is the peripheral nervous system? a.​ What are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems? i.​ What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? 34.​What is the endocrine system? a.​ What are hormones? b.​ What is the hypothalamus? c.​ What is the pituitary gland? d.​ What are the adrenal glands? 35.​How do we learn about the brain? a.​ Electroencephalogram (EEG) b.​ PET scan c.​ CAT scan d.​ MRI e.​ fMRI 36.​What is the brainstem? a.​ Medulla b.​ Pons 37.​What is the reticular formation? 38.​What is the thalamus? 39.​What is the cerebellum? 40.​What is the amygdala? 41.​What is the hypothalamus? 42.​What is the hippocampus? 43.​What is the cerebral cortex? a.​ Where are each of the lobes located in the brain (be able to indicate the lobes in a picture)? 44.​What are the frontal lobes? a.​ What is the motor cortex?  b.​ What is a homunculus? c.​ What is Broca’s area? What is Broca’s aphasia? d.​ What are mirror neurons? 45.​What are the parietal lobes? a.​ What is the sensory (somatosensory) cortex? 46.​What are the occipital lobes? a.​ What is the visual cortex? 47.​What are the temporal lobes? a.​ What is the auditory cortex? b.​ What is Wernicke’s area? What is Wernicke’s aphasia? 48.​What is plasticity? a.​ What is neurogenesis? Brain States and Consciousness 49.​What is selective attention? a.​ What are inattentional blindness and change blindness? 50.​What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)? a.​ How does light affect the SCN, and how are the pineal gland and melatonin involved in our sleep-wake cycle? b.​ What is the effect of artificial lighting on our melatonin production? 51.​What is N-REM sleep? a.​ What is N1? i.​ What is a hypnagogic jerk? ii.​ What is a hypnagogic hallucination? 52.​What is N2? 53.​What is N3? What happens during N3? 54.​What is REM sleep? What happens during REM sleep? a.​ What is the meaning of “paradoxical sleep?” b.​ What is sleep paralysis? 55.​What are the theories of sleep? a.​ Evolutionary/adaptive b.​ Restorative c.​ Information processing 56.​What are the theories explaining dreaming? a.​ Freudian i.​ What are manifest and latent content? b.​ Activation synthesis c.​ Information processing d.​ Preserving neural pathways Developing Through the Lifespan 57.​What are the ways in which behavior geneticists can determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to traits and behavior? a.​ Adoption studies b.​ Twin studies c.​ Adoption twin studies 58.​What are the primitive reflexes (e.g., rooting)?